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Open Forum Infectious Diseases Jul 2019spp. are environmental bacterial organisms that rarely cause disease in humans. spp. infections are infrequently reported in the literature, and infections are quite... (Review)
Review
spp. are environmental bacterial organisms that rarely cause disease in humans. spp. infections are infrequently reported in the literature, and infections are quite uncommon. spp. usually infect immunocompromised hosts and can have highly resistant antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Here we report a case of bacteremia and severe cellulitis in a patient with cirrhosis and review the literature of other spp. infections.
PubMed: 31334299
DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz282 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 2023Due to limited therapeutic options, there is a clinical need to assess the activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) to guide the...
Due to limited therapeutic options, there is a clinical need to assess the activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) to guide the therapeutic management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organism infections. We set out to develop a practical MIC-based broth disk elution (BDE) method to determine the activity of the combination ATM-CZA using readily available supplies and compare it to reference broth microdilution (BMD). For the BDE method, a 30-μg ATM disk, a 30/20-μg CZA disk, both disks in combination, and no disks were added to 4 separate 5-mL cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CA-MHB) tubes, using various manufacturers. Three testing sites performed both BDE and reference BMD testing of bacterial isolates in parallel from a single 0.5 McFarland standard inoculum and after overnight incubation, assessed them for growth (not susceptible) or no growth (susceptible) at a final concentration of 6/6/4 μg/mL ATM-CZA. During the first phase, the precision and accuracy of the BDE were analyzed by testing 61 isolates at all sites. This testing yielded 98.3% precision between sites, with 98.3% categorical agreement and 1.8% major errors (ME). During the second phase, at each site, we evaluated unique, clinical isolates of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing ( = 75), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( = 25), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ( = 46), and sp. ( = 1). This testing resulted in 97.9% categorical agreement, with 2.4% ME. Different results were observed for different disk and CA-MHB manufacturers, requiring a supplemental ATM-CZA-not-susceptible quality control organism to ensure the accuracy of results. The BDE is a precise and effective methodology for determining susceptibility to the combination ATM-CZA.
Topics: Humans; Aztreonam; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Ceftazidime; Drug Combinations; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 37070979
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01647-22 -
Journal of Zhejiang University.... Mar 2016Bacteria of the genus Myroides (Myroides spp.) are rare opportunistic pathogens. Myroides sp. infections have been reported mainly in China. Myroides sp. is highly... (Review)
Review
Bacteria of the genus Myroides (Myroides spp.) are rare opportunistic pathogens. Myroides sp. infections have been reported mainly in China. Myroides sp. is highly resistant to most available antibiotics, but the resistance mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Current strain identification methods based on biochemical traits are unable to identify strains accurately at the species level. While 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing can accurately achieve this, it fails to give information on the status and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, because the 16S rRNA sequence contains no information on resistance genes, resistance islands or enzymes. We hypothesized that obtaining the whole genome sequence of Myroides sp., using next generation sequencing methods, would help to clarify the mechanisms of pathogenesis and antibiotic resistance, and guide antibiotic selection to treat Myroides sp. infections. As Myroides sp. can survive in hospitals and the environment, there is a risk of nosocomial infections and pandemics. For better management of Myroides sp. infections, it is imperative to apply next generation sequencing technologies to clarify the antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these bacteria.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Microbial; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Genome, Bacterial; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 26984839
DOI: 10.1631/jzus.B1500068 -
Food Science & Nutrition Feb 2023The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory indicators, biogenic amine contents, and bacterial community structure and diversity of chilled chicken stored at... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to investigate the sensory indicators, biogenic amine contents, and bacterial community structure and diversity of chilled chicken stored at 4°C under aerobic conditions. Bacterial diversity and dominant bacteria were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technique (HTS). The relationship between biogenic amine contents and microbial community structure was studied. The results showed that contents of putrescine and cadaverine increased significantly with storage time. Proteobacteria was absolutely dominant flora at the phylum level. The predominant spoilage bacteria found in chicken thighs were , , , , and , and the difference with chicken breasts was related to the presence of and absence of . , , and were reported for the first time as an important contributor to the spoilage-related microflora Bacterial diversity and richness indices showed fluctuating and decreasing trend with storage time. The redundancy analysis showed that the relative abundance of , , and was positively related to the contents of putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine, while and showed positive relationship with putrescine content. Furthermore, positive relationship of and with the contents of cadaverine and tyramine was proposed for the first time. The key findings of this study can provide experimental data for food safety monitoring during refrigerated storage and preservation for poultry meat products.
PubMed: 36789075
DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3122 -
IDCases 2021Formerly classified under the genus species are common gram-negative, environmental bacterium ubiquitous in soil and water. While infrequent, infections of human hosts...
Formerly classified under the genus species are common gram-negative, environmental bacterium ubiquitous in soil and water. While infrequent, infections of human hosts can result in devastating consequences due the bacteria's intrinsic multidrug resistance, particularly in those who are immunocompromised. The pathogenicity and mechanisms for resistance remain poorly understood at this time. The case presented in this report details bacteremia secondary to a soft tissue infection of the lower extremities and adds to the 60 documented infections to date, of which 15 were also characterized by a similar infection.
PubMed: 33850715
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01061 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Nov 2023Myroides species have recently been reported more frequently in outbreaks in clinics and intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemic...
Myroides species have recently been reported more frequently in outbreaks in clinics and intensive care units (ICUs). In this study, we aimed to investigate the epidemic potential, antibiotic resistance profile, and risk factors of M. odoratimimus isolates that are increasingly being isolated from the ICUs of our hospital. Data from patients whose Myroides spp. were isolated from their clinical specimens over a 5-year period (September 2016 to January 2022) were retrospectively analyzed. Bacterial identification was performed using a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The presence of antibiotic resistance genes was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Possible clonal associations between isolates were investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. As a result, 66 isolates were identified as M. odoratimimus and one isolate was identified as M. odoratus. The bla resistance gene was detected in all M. odoratimimus isolates, whereas sul2 was detected in ten isolates and tetX was detected in 11 isolates. No other resistance genes, such as bla, were detected. Additionally, two different clonal association patterns were discovered in the 24 selected isolates through the ERIC-PCR method. The increase in the immunosuppressive patient population indicate the possibility of encountering this agent and other opportunistic pathogens more frequently in the future.
Topics: Humans; Persistent Infection; Retrospective Studies; Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
PubMed: 37394461
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2023.005 -
Emerging Microbes & Infections Apr 2018The genus Myroides comprises several species of Gram-negative, non-motile, and non-fermenting bacteria, which have been regarded as non-pathogenic for decades. Multiple...
The genus Myroides comprises several species of Gram-negative, non-motile, and non-fermenting bacteria, which have been regarded as non-pathogenic for decades. Multiple recent reports, however, underscore the pathogenic potential that Myroides sp. possesses for humans. These bacteria seem to be resistant to a wide range of antibiotics (including ß-lactams and aminoglycosides). Therefore, treatment options are limited. Knowledge of antimicrobial resistance, however, is based on only one meaningful comprehensive study and on data published from case reports. This lack of data motivated us to test 59 strains from our Myroides collection (43 M. odoratimimus and 16 M. odoratus) for resistance against 20 commonly used antibiotics. We also performed molecular analyses to reveal whether our bacteria harbor the genus-specific M. odoratimimus metallo-ß-lactamase (MUS-1) or the M. odoratus metallo ß-lactamase (TUS-1), and other ß-lactamases, which may provide an explanation for the extended antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; DNA, Bacterial; Flavobacteriaceae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Whole Genome Sequencing; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 29618738
DOI: 10.1038/s41426-018-0061-x -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34...
In this study, we identified and characterized a novel chromosomally-encoded class B metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) gene designated in a carbapenem-resistant isolate P34 isolated from sewage discharged from an animal farm. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that WUS-1 shares the highest amino acid similarities with the function-characterized MBLs MUS-1 (AAN63647.1; 70.73%) and TUS-1 (AAN63648.1; 70.32%). The recombinant carrying exhibited increased MICs levels against a number of β-lactam antimicrobials such as carbenicillin, ampicillin and imipenem, and β-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid and tazobactam). The metallo-β-lactamase WUS-1 could also hydrolyze these antimicrobials and the hydrolytic activities could be inhibited by EDTA. Genetic context analysis of revealed that no mobile genetic element was found in its surrounding region. The plasmid pMA84474 of P34 harbored 6 resistance genes ( , , , , and ) within an approximately 17 kb multidrug resistance (MDR) region. These genes, however, were all related to mobile genetic elements.
PubMed: 36532482
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1059997 -
MicrobiologyOpen Feb 2019Myroides odoratimimus is an important nosocomial pathogen. Management of M. odoratimimus infection is difficult owing to the multidrug resistance and the unknown... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Myroides odoratimimus is an important nosocomial pathogen. Management of M. odoratimimus infection is difficult owing to the multidrug resistance and the unknown pathogenesis mechanisms. Based on our previous genomic sequencing data of M. odoratimimus PR63039 (isolated from a patient with the urinary tract infection), in this study, we further performed comparative genomic analysis for 10 selected Myroides strains. Our results showed that these Myroides genome contexts were very similar and phylogenetically related. Various prophages were identified in the four clinical isolate genomes, which possibly contributed to the genome evolution among the Myroides strains. CRISPR elements were only detected in the two clinical (PR63039 and CCUG10230) isolates and two environmental (CCUG12700 and H1bi) strains. With more stringent cutoff parameters in CARD analysis, the four clinical M. odoratimimus contained roughly equal antibiotic resistance genes, indicating their similar antibiotic resistance profiles. The three clinical (CCUG10230, CCUG12901, CIP101113) and three environmental (CCUG12700, L41, H1bi) M. odoratimimus strains were speculated to carry the indistinguishable virulent factors (VFs), which may involve in the similar pathogenesis mechanism. Moreover, some VFs might confer to the high capacity of dissemination, attacking tissue cells and induction of autoimmune complications. Our results facilitate the research of antibiotic resistance and the development of therapeutic regimens for the M. odoratimimus infections.
Topics: Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Evolution, Molecular; Flavobacteriaceae; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Phylogeny; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 29797432
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.634 -
Access Microbiology 2023Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have...
INTRODUCTION
Infections forby spp. can lead to significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in immunocompromised patients with underlying co-morbidities. Recent reports have highlighted its intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, making it a particularly challenging infectious agent to combat.
METHODS
spp. isolated and reported in clinically significant urine samples were considered for the study. Identification of the organism was done via the VITEK 2C system. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using both manual and automated methods following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Existing literature was searched on MEDLINE using PubMed.
RESULTS
We present a series of five catheter-associated urinary tract infections due to , with sensitivity to only minocycline. This is the first case from Western India, and the third case in the existing literature that shows sensitivity only to minocycline. Our literature review is the first to systematically describe contributory factors to infection, allowing us to devise a clinically relevant tool that delineates contributory factors and efficacious drugs in spp infection.
CONCLUSION
spp infections, previously considered rare and opportunistic, need cognizance and diagnostic suspicion especially in particular associated conditions.
PubMed: 37323940
DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000549.v2