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Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Sep 2019Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not uncommon in clinical practice and should be recognized. Size abnormalities of the optic disc include optic disc... (Review)
Review
Congenital abnormalities of the optic disc are not uncommon in clinical practice and should be recognized. Size abnormalities of the optic disc include optic disc aplasia, hypoplasia, megalopapilla, and optic disc cupping in prematurity. Among congenital excavations of the optic disc head, morning glory disc anomaly and optic disc pit can be complicated by serous retinal detachment; the papillorenal disc is an association of bilateral optic disc cupping and renal hypoplasia which should be ruled out; optic disc coloboma is caused by an abnormal closure of the embryonic fissure and can be complicated by choroidal neovascularization and retinal detachment. Other abnormalities that will be discussed are congenital tilted disc syndrome, duplicity of the optic disc head, congenital pigmentation of the optic disc head and myelinated retinal nerve fibers. All of these abnormalities can be associated with syndromes and neurological diseases, as well as other potentially blinding ophthalmological defects which can be secondarily complicated by amblyopia, strabismus and nystagmus. Thus, they should be recognized in order to plan for appropriate follow-up.
Topics: Coloboma; Eye Abnormalities; Humans; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 30935696
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2018.09.011 -
JAMA Ophthalmology Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Situs Inversus
PubMed: 37733047
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.1068 -
Archivos de La Sociedad Espanola de... Aug 2015
Topics: Austria; Diagnosis, Differential; History, 19th Century; Humans; Ophthalmology; Optic Disk; Papilledema; Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous
PubMed: 24480466
DOI: 10.1016/j.oftal.2013.12.008 -
Asia-Pacific Journal of Ophthalmology...To describe the optic nerve head (ONH) abnormalities in nonpathologic highly myopic eyes based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the relationship...
PURPOSE
To describe the optic nerve head (ONH) abnormalities in nonpathologic highly myopic eyes based on swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the relationship with visual field (VF).
DESIGN
Secondary analysis from a longitudinal cohort study.
METHODS
Highly myopic patients without myopic maculopathy of category 2 or higher were enrolled. All participants underwent a swept-source OCT examination focused on ONH. We differentiated between 3 major types (optic disc morphologic abnormality, papillary/peripapillary tissue defect, and papillary/peripapillary schisis) and 12 subtypes of ONH abnormalities. The prevalence and characteristics of ONH abnormalities and the relationship with VF were analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 857 participants (1389 eyes) were included. Among the 1389 eyes, 91.86%, 68.61%, and 34.92% of them had at least 1, 2, or 3 ONH abnormalities, respectively, which corresponded to 29.55%, 31.79%, and 35.67% of VF defects, respectively. Among the 12 subtypes of the 3 major types, peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structure, visible retrobulbar subarachnoid space, and prelaminar schisis were the most common, respectively. Perimetric defects corresponding to OCT abnormalities were more commonly found in eyes with peripapillary retinal detachment, peripapillary retinoschisis, and peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structure. Glaucoma-like VF defects were more common in eyes with deep optic cups (28.17%) and with optic disc pit/pit-like change (18.92%).
CONCLUSIONS
We observed and clarified the ONH structural abnormalities in eyes with nonpathologic high myopia. These descriptions may be helpful to differentiate changes in pathologic high myopia or glaucoma.
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Visual Fields; Longitudinal Studies; Myopia; Glaucoma; Eye Abnormalities; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 37851563
DOI: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000636 -
Klinische Monatsblatter Fur... Oct 2016
Topics: Documentation; Germany; Glaucoma; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Ophthalmology; Optic Disk; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retinoscopy; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 27764848
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-117228 -
Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) Jul 2023To quantify changes in optic disk and macular vasculature in patients with central retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography and detect its...
PURPOSE
To quantify changes in optic disk and macular vasculature in patients with central retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography and detect its correlation with visual acuity.
METHODS
The study included 20 eyes of 20 patients with treatment-naive central retinal vein occlusion and 20 age-matched controls. Optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiographywere performed on the macula and optic disk. Central 1-mm subfield foveal thickness was measured. Vessel densities (VD) of superficial and deep macular capillary plexuses with whole disk VD, inside disk VD, and radial peripapillary capillary plexus were analyzed. Macular ischemia was evaluated by fundus fluorescein angiography. Visual acuity was correlated with measured parameters.
RESULTS
All measured macular and disk VDs differed significantly between cases and controls except inside disk VD. Visual acuity showed a highly significant negative correlation with whole disk VD ( P = 0.005) and radial peripapillary capillary ( P = 0.002), borderline correlation with central subfield foveal thickness ( P = 0.06), and insignificant correlation with macular VDs. Radial peripapillary capillary VD showed a significant correlation with deep parafoveal ( P = 0.04), and superficial and deep perifoveal VDs ( P = 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Optic disk VD could provide more accurate indication of retinal blood supply than macular VD in cases of central retinal vein occlusion with severe macular edema.
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Retinal Vein Occlusion; Retinal Vessels; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Fluorescein Angiography
PubMed: 36996459
DOI: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003795 -
Computer Methods and Programs in... Dec 2020Glaucoma, a worldwide eye disease, may cause irreversible vision damage. If not treated properly at an early stage, glaucoma eventually deteriorates into blindness....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Glaucoma, a worldwide eye disease, may cause irreversible vision damage. If not treated properly at an early stage, glaucoma eventually deteriorates into blindness. Various glaucoma screening methods, e.g. Ultrasound Biomicroscopy (UBM), Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), and Heidelberg Retinal Scanner (HRT), are available. However, retinal fundus image photography examination, because of its low cost, is one of the most common solutions used to diagnose glaucoma. Clinically, the cup-to-disk ratio is an important indicator in glaucoma diagnosis. Therefore, precise fundus image segmentation to calculate the cup-to-disk ratio is the basis for screening glaucoma.
METHODS
In this paper, we propose a deep neural network that uses anatomical knowledge to guide the segmentation of fundus images, which accurately segments the optic cup and the optic disc in a fundus image to accurately calculate the cup-to-disk ratio. Optic disc and optic cup segmentation are typical small target segmentation problems in biomedical images. We propose to use an attention-based cascade network to effectively accelerate the convergence of small target segmentation during training and accurately reserve detailed contours of small targets.
RESULTS
Our method, which was validated in the MICCAI REFUGE fundus image segmentation competition, achieves 93.31% dice score in optic disc segmentation and 88.04% dice score in optic cup segmentation. Moreover, we win a high CDR evaluation score, which is useful for glaucoma screening.
CONCLUSIONS
The proposed method successfully introduce anatomical knowledge into segmentation task, and achieve state-of-the-art performance in fundus image segmentation. It also can be used for both automatic segmentation and semiautomatic segmentation with human interaction.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Fundus Oculi; Glaucoma; Humans; Neural Networks, Computer; Optic Disk
PubMed: 32957060
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105717 -
International Ophthalmology Clinics 2018
Review
Topics: Atrophy; Brain Diseases; Child; Humans; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve Diseases; Pallor; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 30239368
DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000244 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Feb 2021Optic nerve head elevation can be associated with vision loss. This review provides an update regarding key features of optic disc drusen (ODD) compared with papilledema... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Optic nerve head elevation can be associated with vision loss. This review provides an update regarding key features of optic disc drusen (ODD) compared with papilledema from increased intracranial pressure and optic disc edema from other causes.
RECENT FINDINGS
Clinical history and funduscopic examination are not sufficient to correctly diagnose different causes of optic nerve head elevation. Multimodal ophthalmic imaging is noninvasive and should be used as first-line diagnostic testing to distinguish optic disc edema or papilledema from pseudoedema. Advanced ophthalmic imaging, including enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) and autofluorescence imaging, can visualize ODD at high resolution and determine whether there is optic disc edema. OCT angiography does not require contrast and can rapidly visualize papillary, peripapillary, and macular microvasculature and identify important vascular biomarker of ischemia and, potentially, visual prognosis.
SUMMARY
Multimodal ophthalmic imaging can help in the diagnosis of ODD and optic disc edema and identify patients at high risk of vision loss and neurological issues in order to ensure appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Blindness; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Multimodal Imaging; Ophthalmoscopy; Optic Disk; Optic Disk Drusen; Papilledema; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 33278141
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000881 -
Journal of Glaucoma Aug 2019PRéCIS:: Eyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.
UNLABELLED
PRéCIS:: Eyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to assess the difference in optic nerve tortuosity during eye movements and globe proptosis between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects using orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS
Ten Chinese subjects matched for ethnicity and refractive errors were recruited, including 5 normal controls and 5 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. All subjects underwent MRI to assess their optic nerves and globes for 3 eye positions: primary gaze, adduction, and abduction. Optic nerve tortuosity (optic nerve length divided by the distance between 2 ends) and globe proptosis (maximum distance between the cornea and interzygomatic line) were measured from MRI images.
RESULTS
In adduction, the tortuosity of normal eyes was significantly larger than that of the glaucomatous eyes. Optic nerve tortuosity in adduction in the control and glaucoma groups were 1.004±0.003 (mean±SD) and 1.001±0.001, respectively (P=0.037). Globe proptosis (primary gaze) in glaucoma subjects (19.14±2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (15.32±2.79 mm; P=0.046).
CONCLUSIONS
In this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited tauter optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared with normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Exophthalmos; Eye Movements; Female; Fixation, Ocular; Glaucoma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve
PubMed: 31045951
DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000001270