-
JAMA Ophthalmology Mar 2024
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 38300606
DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.6349 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP Nov 2023The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unknown. There are few studies on the dynamic change of tissue-specific and time-specific molecular pathophysiology caused by...
The pathogenesis of glaucoma is still unknown. There are few studies on the dynamic change of tissue-specific and time-specific molecular pathophysiology caused by ocular hypertension (OHT). This study aimed to identify the early proteomic alterations in the retina, optic nerve head (ONH), and optic nerve (ON). After establishing a rat model of OHT, we harvested the tissues from control and glaucomatous eyes and analyzed the changes in protein expression using a multiplexed quantitative proteomics approach (TMT-MS3). Our study identified 6403 proteins after 1-day OHT and 4399 proteins after 7-days OHT in the retina, 5493 proteins after 1-day OHT and 4544 proteins after 7-days OHT in ONH, and 5455 proteins after 1-day OHT and 3835 proteins after 7-days OHT in the ON. Of these, 560 and 489 differential proteins were identified on day 1 and 7 after OHT in the retina, 428 and 761 differential proteins were identified on day 1 and 7 after OHT in the ONH, and 257 and 205 differential proteins on days 1 and 7 after OHT in the ON. Computational analysis on day 1 and 7 of OHT revealed that alpha-2 macroglobulin was upregulated across two time points and three tissues stably. The differentially expressed proteins between day 1 and 7 after OHT in the retina, ONH, and ON were associated with glutathione metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction/oxidative phosphorylation, oxidative stress, microtubule, and crystallin. And the most significant change in retina are crystallins. We validated this proteomic result with the Western blot of crystallin proteins and found that upregulated on day 1 but recovered on day 7 after OHT, which are promising as therapeutic targets. These findings provide insights into the time- and region-order mechanisms that are specifically affected in the retina, ONH, and ON in response to elevated IOP during the early stages.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Optic Disk; Proteomics; Intraocular Pressure; Glaucoma; Retina; Ocular Hypertension; Optic Nerve; Crystallins
PubMed: 37793503
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100654 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Sep 2020To identify swept-source (SS) OCT and SS OCT angiography (OCTA) patterns predicting outcome in patients with optic disc pit-associated maculopathy and to present the...
PURPOSE
To identify swept-source (SS) OCT and SS OCT angiography (OCTA) patterns predicting outcome in patients with optic disc pit-associated maculopathy and to present the results of a novel surgical technique, stuffing of the optic disc pit.
DESIGN
Prospective, interventional study.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifteen eyes.
METHODS
Swept-source OCT before surgery and then 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery, then up to 4 years later. Swept-source OCTA was performed from 2015 (9 patients). After core vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane (ILM) was peeled between the optic nerve and fovea and stuffed into the optic disc pit. Laser photocoagulation was performed at the temporal side of the optic disc pit. Fluid-air exchange followed. The following data were noted: visual acuity, central retinal thickness, distribution of fluid on SS OCT, and diameters and circuit of the foveal avascular zone on OCTA.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Normalization of the fovea contour and visual acuity.
RESULTS
We subdivided patients into 2 groups. On SS OCT, we observed subretinal fluid with elevation of the fovea (group 1) in 8 eyes. Group 2 comprised 7 eyes without subretinal fluid, but with intraretinal fluid. Five of these eyes additionally showed an outer lamellar macular hole. Anatomic success was achieved in all eyes. The decrease of central retinal thickness 1 week after surgery was more marked in group 1 (P = 0.002). The area of the foveal avascular zone in the superficial retinal vessel layer increased significantly after surgery for group 2 (P = 0.04), but not for group 1 (P = 0.4). Visual acuity improved without statistically significant differences between groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Stuffing of the optic disc pit with the ILM results in improvement of anatomic and functional results. Prognosis depends on initial morphologic features. Central retinal thickness normalizes faster after surgery in eyes with subretinal fluid when compared with eyes with intraretinal fluid. Faster anatomic improvement does not correlate with improvement of vision. Postoperative increase in the size of the foveal avascular zone in the superficial retinal vessel layer, more pronounced in group 2, may be associated with the prolonged postoperative anatomic recovery in those eyes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Follow-Up Studies; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Male; Middle Aged; Optic Disk; Prospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Vitrectomy; Young Adult
PubMed: 32595097
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.03.025 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2023This study aimed to evaluate retinal and optic disc vascular changes in patients with keratoconus (KC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to evaluate retinal and optic disc vascular changes in patients with keratoconus (KC) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
Thirty-two eyes of 22 patients with KC and 24 eyes of 24 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Corneal topography and OCTA were performed. Quantitative vessel density of the macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP), macular deep capillary plexus (DCP), and radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC); choriocapillaris flow area; and choroidal thickness were compared between the KC and control groups.
RESULTS
SCP and DCP vessel densities showed a significant reduction in the KC group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001 in the whole image and parafovea, respectively). Choriocapillaris flow area was significantly higher in patients with KC than in the control group (p = 0.003). The foveal avascular zone area did not significantly differ between the two groups (p = 0.949). RPC inside disc vessel density was significantly decreased in the KC group compared to that in the control group (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
This study revealed important macular, choroidal, and optic disc vessel densities changes in patients with KC. Macular whole vessel density and parafoveal vessel density of the SCP and DCP decreased, while choriocapillaris flow area increased in patients with KC.
Topics: Humans; Optic Disk; Fluorescein Angiography; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Keratoconus; Fundus Oculi; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Retinal Vessels
PubMed: 36462703
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103218 -
Retinal Cases & Brief Reports 2020To describe modern multimodal imaging of the choroidal and optic disk vessels in optic disk pits.
PURPOSE
To describe modern multimodal imaging of the choroidal and optic disk vessels in optic disk pits.
METHODS
Case reports of four patients with optic disk pit who underwent multimodal imaging of the optic pit and surrounding structures. Patients included in this article were found to have optic disk pits and subsequently underwent multimodal imaging.
RESULTS
Cilioretinal arteries were present in two of the four cases (50%). SPECTRALIS optical coherence tomography showed intraretinal and subretinal fluid in all cases. Small vessels in the choroid and in the disk around the pit were also present in all cases through optical coherence tomographic angiography. Confocal fluorescein angiographic imaging in the first case showed leakage from the vessels adjacent to the optic disk pit.
CONCLUSION
Modern multimodal imaging shows that there are anomalous vessels in and around an optic pit. Whether these vessels affect the development of optic pit, maculopathy needs to be further evaluated.
Topics: Adult; Choroid; Ciliary Arteries; Coloring Agents; Eye Abnormalities; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Male; Middle Aged; Multimodal Imaging; Optic Disk; Retinal Vessels; Subretinal Fluid; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity; Young Adult
PubMed: 30045152
DOI: 10.1097/ICB.0000000000000765 -
Journal Francais D'ophtalmologie Oct 2022Located within the scleral canal, the lamina cribrosa is a sieve-like structure separating the intraocular and retrobulbar portions of the optic nerve. Identified as the... (Review)
Review
Located within the scleral canal, the lamina cribrosa is a sieve-like structure separating the intraocular and retrobulbar portions of the optic nerve. Identified as the main site of axonal damage in glaucomatous optic neuropathy, the study of the lamina cribrosa has been of great interest for many years. Numerous studies have explored the histological and morphological characteristics of the laminar region in healthy subjects as well as glaucoma patients. More recently, the development of adaptive optics systems and new generations of OCT has allowed great progress in the understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma and has opened new perspectives for the improvement of diagnostic procedures.
Topics: Glaucoma; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Optic Disk; Optic Nerve; Optic Nerve Diseases; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 35717219
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.03.003 -
Journal of Child Neurology Jan 2017Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of elevated intracranial pressure and idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been well characterized in adults but not in...
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signs of elevated intracranial pressure and idiopathic intracranial hypertension have been well characterized in adults but not in children. The MRIs of 50 children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension and 46 adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension were reviewed for optic nerve head protrusion, optic nerve head enhancement, posterior scleral flattening, increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid, optic nerve tortuosity, empty or partially empty sella, tonsillar herniation, enlargement of Meckel's cave meningoceles, and transverse venous sinus stenosis(TSS). Compared to adolescents (11-17 years, n = 40) and adults (>17 years, n = 46), prepubescent children (<11 years, n = 10) had lower frequencies of scleral flattening (50% vs 89% and 85%, P = .02), increased perioptic cerebrospinal fluid (60% vs 84% and 89%, P = .08), optic nerve tortuosity (20% vs 46% and 59%, P = .07), empty or partially empty sella (56% vs 78% and 93%, P = .007), and TSS (67% vs 93% and 96%, P = .04). Children with idiopathic intracranial hypertension have similar MRI findings as adults, but they are less frequent in prepubescent children.
Topics: Adolescent; Brain; Child; Female; Humans; Intracranial Hypertension; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Optic Disk
PubMed: 28195748
DOI: 10.1177/0883073816671855 -
Current Opinion in Ophthalmology May 2018Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel, noninvasive imaging modality that allows assessment of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The scope of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel, noninvasive imaging modality that allows assessment of the retinal and choroidal vasculature. The scope of this review is to summarize recent studies using OCTA in glaucoma and highlight potential applications of this new technology in the field of glaucoma.
RECENT FINDINGS
OCTA studies have shown that retinal vascular changes may not develop solely as a result of advanced glaucoma damage. OCTA-derived measurements have provided evidence for lower retinal vascular densities at the optic nerve head, peripapillary and macula in preperimetric-glaucoma and early-glaucoma, as well as, in more advanced glaucoma, in comparison to with normal eyes.
SUMMARY
OCTA is a novel imaging modality that has already started to expand our knowledge base regarding the role of ocular blood flow in glaucoma. Future studies will better elucidate the role of OCTA-derived measurements in clinical practice, research, and clinical trials in glaucoma.
Topics: Angiography; Choroid; Computed Tomography Angiography; Glaucoma; Humans; Macula Lutea; Optic Disk; Retinal Vessels; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 29553952
DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000475 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 2015To assess the frequency and significance of optic disk cupping after methanol poisoning.
PURPOSE
To assess the frequency and significance of optic disk cupping after methanol poisoning.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 50 consecutive patients with methanol poisoning, including visual acuity, pupillary reaction, and optic disk features such as the presence and degree of cupping. All patients were examined in the chronic phase after optic nerve damage.
RESULTS
Optic disk cupping ≥0.8 c/d was present in at least one eye of 22 of these 50 patients (43/100 eyes). Severity of cupping was statistically symmetric in the two eyes, and increasing severity of cupping was correlated with worse visual acuity (p=0.007) and increasing visual field loss. Degree of cupping was significantly correlated with increasing patient age but not with putaminal necrosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Optic disk cupping after methanol poisoning may be more common than previously recognised. Cupping in this setting may reflect toxicity of methanol metabolites to axons and glial cells in the prelaminar, laminar and retrolaminar regions, and seems to be important as a marker for worse optic nerve damage.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Female; Humans; Male; Methanol; Middle Aged; Optic Disk; Retinal Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Solvents; Vision Disorders; Visual Acuity; Visual Fields; Young Adult
PubMed: 25777817
DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2014-306354 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Dec 2022Unlike the usual peripheral nerve, the optic nerve accompanies a thick "dural sheath," a thin "sheath of pia mater" (SPM), and multiple "septa," which divides the nerve...
Unlike the usual peripheral nerve, the optic nerve accompanies a thick "dural sheath," a thin "sheath of pia mater" (SPM), and multiple "septa," which divides the nerve fibers into fascicles. We collected specimens from 25 adult cadavers and 15 fetuses and revisited the histological architecture of the optic and oculomotor nerves. In the optic chiasma, the meningeal layer of the dura joins the pia to form a thick SPM, and the periosteum of the sphenoid is continuous with the dural sheath at the orbital exit of the bony optic canal. The septa appeared as a cluster of irregularly arrayed fibrous plates in the intracranial course near the chiasma. Thus, the septa were not derived from either the SPM or the dural sheath. In the orbit, the central artery of the retina accompanies collagenous fibers from the dural sheath and the SPM to provide the vascular sheath in the optic nerve. These connective tissue configurations were the same between adult and fetal specimens. At the optic disk, the dural sheath and SPM merged with the sclera, whereas the septa appeared to end at the lamina cribrosa. However, in fetuses without lamina cribrosa, the septa extend into the nerve fiber layer of the retina. The SPM and septa showed strong elastin immunoreactivity, in contrast to the absence of reactivity in the sheaths of the oculomotor nerve. Each S100 protein-positive Schwann sheath of the oculomotor nerve was surrounded by collagenous endoneurium. Glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive astrocytes showed a linear arrangement along the septa.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Optic Nerve; Optic Disk; Connective Tissue; Cadaver; Fetus
PubMed: 35358354
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24925