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The British Journal of Surgery Jun 2020Organ transplantation is predicted to increase as life expectancy and the incidence of chronic diseases rises. Regenerative medicine-inspired technologies challenge the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Organ transplantation is predicted to increase as life expectancy and the incidence of chronic diseases rises. Regenerative medicine-inspired technologies challenge the efficacy of the current allograft transplantation model.
METHODS
A literature review was conducted using the PubMed interface of MEDLINE from the National Library of Medicine. Results were examined for relevance to innovations of organ bioengineering to inform analysis of advances in regenerative medicine affecting organ transplantation. Data reports from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipient and Organ Procurement Transplantation Network from 2008 to 2019 of kidney, pancreas, liver, heart, lung and intestine transplants performed, and patients currently on waiting lists for respective organs, were reviewed to demonstrate the shortage and need for transplantable organs.
RESULTS
Regenerative medicine technologies aim to repair and regenerate poorly functioning organs. One goal is to achieve an immunosuppression-free state to improve quality of life, reduce complications and toxicities, and eliminate the cost of lifelong antirejection therapy. Innovative strategies include decellularization to fabricate acellular scaffolds that will be used as a template for organ manufacturing, three-dimensional printing and interspecies blastocyst complementation. Induced pluripotent stem cells are an innovation in stem cell technology which mitigate both the ethical concerns associated with embryonic stem cells and the limitation of other progenitor cells, which lack pluripotency. Regenerative medicine technologies hold promise in a wide array of fields and applications, such as promoting regeneration of native cell lines, growth of new tissue or organs, modelling of disease states, and augmenting the viability of existing ex vivo transplanted organs.
CONCLUSION
The future of organ bioengineering relies on furthering understanding of organogenesis, in vivo regeneration, regenerative immunology and long-term monitoring of implanted bioengineered organs.
Topics: Artificial Organs; Biomedical Engineering; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 32463143
DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11686 -
Journal of Clinical Nursing Mar 2018To examine the role of healthcare professionals in the organ donation and transplantation process. (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To examine the role of healthcare professionals in the organ donation and transplantation process.
BACKGROUND
Globally, there remains a perennial disequilibrium between organ donation and organ transplantation. Several factors account for this disequilibrium; however, as healthcare professionals are not only strategically positioned as the primary intermediaries between organ donors and transplant recipients, but also professionally situated as the implementers of organ donation and transplantation processes, they are often blamed for the global organ shortage.
DESIGN
Mixed-method systematic review using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 checklist.
METHODS
Databases were searched including CINAHL, MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE using the search terms "organ donation," "healthcare professionals," "awareness" and "roles" to retrieve relevant publications.
RESULTS
Thirteen publications met the inclusion criteria. The global organ shortage is neither contingent upon unavailability of suitable organs nor exclusively dependent upon healthcare professionals. Instead, the existence of disequilibrium between organ donation and transplantation is necessitated by a web of factors. These include the following: healthcare professionals' attitudes towards, and experience of, the organ donation and transplantation process, underpinned by professional education, specialist clinical area and duration of professional practice; conflicts of interests; ethical dilemmas; altruistic values towards organ donation; and varied organ donation legislations in different legal jurisdictions.
CONCLUSION
This review maintains that if this web of factors is to be adequately addressed by healthcare systems in different global and legal jurisdictions, there should be sufficient organs voluntarily donated to meet all transplantation needs.
RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
There is a suggestion that healthcare professionals partly account for the global shortage in organ donation, but there is a need to examine how healthcare professionals' roles, knowledge, awareness, skills and competencies might impact upon the organ donation and transplantation process.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Awareness; Education, Professional; Health Personnel; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors; Tissue Preservation; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 29098739
DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14154 -
BMC Anesthesiology Mar 2019
Topics: Anesthesiology; Animals; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Specialization
PubMed: 30832567
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-019-0704-z -
Viruses Apr 2021As guest editors, we are pleased to present this Special Issue on BK virus (BKV) and transplantation with the intention of exploring some aspects related to...
As guest editors, we are pleased to present this Special Issue on BK virus (BKV) and transplantation with the intention of exploring some aspects related to BKV-associated diseases in transplant recipients, since they are still unclear [...].
Topics: BK Virus; Disease Susceptibility; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Organ Transplantation; Polyomavirus Infections; Transplant Recipients; Tumor Virus Infections
PubMed: 33922350
DOI: 10.3390/v13050733 -
Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation Aug 2020This review summarizes the advances that have occurred over the past 2 years in organ transplantation in the setting of HIV. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
This review summarizes the advances that have occurred over the past 2 years in organ transplantation in the setting of HIV.
RECENT FINDINGS
Although HIV+ organ transplantation is both safe and effective, recent studies show that HIV+ patients continue to experience barriers to transplantation. In the United States, the HOPE Act is not only expected to increase the donor pool for HIV+ transplant candidates, but to also allow for the use of donors with false-positive HIV+ tests, which had previously been banned under the US National Organ Transplant Act. More effective HCV treatment, increased experience with heart and lung transplantation and the potential for increased organ availability with the inclusion of HIV+ organ donors have provided for significant advances in the care of these patients.
SUMMARY
There continues to be progress in the field of organ transplantation in persons living with HIV. Future efforts should continue aiming to limit barriers to transplantation and improving the understanding of immunologic derangements seen in transplant recipients with HIV infection.
Topics: HIV Infections; Humans; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; United States
PubMed: 32692041
DOI: 10.1097/MOT.0000000000000792 -
International Reviews of Immunology 2019
Topics: Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Graft vs Host Disease; HLA Antigens; Humans; Isoantibodies; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors; Transplantation Immunology
PubMed: 31282229
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2019.1633730 -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A Jan 2020
Topics: Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Organ Transplantation; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 31953552
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-019-01095-7 -
Transplantation Nov 2019
Topics: Accreditation; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Delayed Graft Function; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Latvia; Living Donors; Organ Transplantation; Societies, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement
PubMed: 31651730
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000002764 -
The Surgical Clinics of North America Feb 2019Intestinal and multivisceral transplants are complex technical procedures that present unique challenges in the field of solid organ transplantation. This review aims to... (Review)
Review
Intestinal and multivisceral transplants are complex technical procedures that present unique challenges in the field of solid organ transplantation. This review aims to highlight the indications, techniques, outcomes, and complications specific to intestinal transplantation.
Topics: Humans; Intestine, Small; Organ Transplantation; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Patient Selection; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30471736
DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2018.09.008 -
Experimental and Clinical... Nov 2016The aim of this study was to review and discuss the great variety of ethical issues related to organ donation, organ procurement, transplant activities, and new ethical...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to review and discuss the great variety of ethical issues related to organ donation, organ procurement, transplant activities, and new ethical problems created as a result of technologic and scientific developments.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extensive literature survey was made, and expert opinions were obtained.
RESULTS
The gap between demand and supply of organs for transplant has yielded to organ trafficking, organ tourism, and commercialism. This problem seems to be the most important issue, and naturally there are ethical dilemmas related to it. A wide number of ideas have been expressed on the subject, and different solutions have been proposed.
CONCLUSION
The struggle against organ trafficking and commercialism should include legislation, efforts to increase deceased-donor donations, and international cooperation. China's policy to procure organs from prisoners sentenced to death is unethical, and the international community should exert more pressure on the Chinese government to cease this practice. Each particular ethical dilemma should be taken separately and managed.
Topics: Animals; Commerce; Health Policy; Health Status; Humans; Medical Tourism; Organ Trafficking; Organ Transplantation; Prisoners; Tissue Donors; Tissue and Organ Procurement; Transplantation, Heterologous; Waiting Lists
PubMed: 27805507
DOI: No ID Found