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Cells May 2021Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of the bones affecting mainly young adults. Despite the advances in the field of systemic anticancer therapy, the prognosis... (Review)
Review
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary tumor of the bones affecting mainly young adults. Despite the advances in the field of systemic anticancer therapy, the prognosis of relapsed of metastatic osteosarcoma patients remain dismal with very short survival. However, the better understanding of the pathophysiology of this subtype of sarcoma has led to the identification of new targeted agents with significant activity. In fact, increased angiogenesis plays a major role in the tumor growth and survival of osteosarcoma patients. Several targeted agents have demonstrated a significant anti-tumor activity including multi-kinase inhibitors. In this review, we will discuss the pathophysiology, rationale, and role of targeting angiogenesis via the VEGF pathway in patients with osteosarcoma with emphasis on the published clinical trials and future directions.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteosarcoma; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; Signal Transduction; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
PubMed: 34069999
DOI: 10.3390/cells10051240 -
Radiology Case Reports Mar 2017A case of a right knee intra-articular osteolipoma in a 64-year-old man is reported. The patient presented for evaluation of a 1-year history of nontraumatic,...
A case of a right knee intra-articular osteolipoma in a 64-year-old man is reported. The patient presented for evaluation of a 1-year history of nontraumatic, mechanically-exacerbated, medial-sided right knee pain. Radiographs demonstrated a partially calcified 3.0 cm mass anterior to the distal medial femur at the suprapatellar fossa. Magnetic resonance imaging examination confirmed a 4.0 × 3.6 cm well-circumscribed mass deep to the medial patellofemoral ligament, with predominantly fat characteristics on T1-weighted and T2-weighted sequences. The mass had irregular ossification superiorly with surrounding heterogeneous enhancement. Histologic examination of an excisional biopsy showed the lesion to be an osteolipoma. Osteolipoma is a rare histologic variant of lipoma with osseous metaplasia, but should be considered in the differential of a fat-containing neoplasm with ossification.
PubMed: 28228894
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2016.10.015 -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Sep 2022Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on a close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells. As a result, angiogenesis is critical... (Review)
Review
Bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on a close spatial and temporal interaction between blood vessels and bone cells. As a result, angiogenesis is critical for bone formation and healing. The vascular system supports bone regeneration by delivering oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors, as well as facilitating efficient cell-cell contact. Most clinical applications of engineered bone grafts are hampered by insufficient vascularization after implantation. Over the last decade, a number of flavonoids have been reported to have osteogenic-angiogenic potential in bone regeneration because of their excellent bioactivity, low cost, availability, and minimal in vivo toxicity. During new bone formation, the osteoinductive nature of certain flavonoids is involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways contributing toward the osteogenic-angiogenic coupling. This review briefly outlines the osteogenic-angiogenic potential of those flavonoids and the mechanisms of their action in promoting bone regeneration. However, further studies are needed to investigate their delivery strategies and establish their clinical efficacy.
Topics: Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Flavonoids; Humans; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteogenesis
PubMed: 35718883
DOI: 10.1002/bit.28162 -
Clinical Imaging 2018Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bone formation in the uterine endometrium. The osseous fragments act like a foreign... (Review)
Review
Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition characterized by abnormal bone formation in the uterine endometrium. The osseous fragments act like a foreign body in the uterine cavity; thus, infertility, menstrual abnormalities, pelvic pain dysmenorrhea, and dyspareunia are commonly associated. We present a case series of four women with osseous metaplasia of the endometrium with different symptomatology. Two-dimensional endovaginal examination played a primary role in the diagnosis, the characteristic ultrasound pattern being hyperechoic linear or irregular areas within the endometrium casting posterior acoustic shadowing. Three-dimensional ultrasound better demonstrated the irregular appearance and clearly differentiated the oseous metaplasia from an intrauterine device.
Topics: Adult; Endometrium; Female; Humans; Hysteroscopy; Metaplasia; Ossification, Heterotopic; Pregnancy; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 30172175
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2018.08.006 -
Gynecology and Minimally Invasive... 2022Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is defined by the presence of mature or immature bone tissue in the endometrium. Most of the cases are associated with secondary...
Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is defined by the presence of mature or immature bone tissue in the endometrium. Most of the cases are associated with secondary infertility after abortion, chronic endometritis, or the presence of foreign bodies in the endometrium. Some cases are asymptomatic; others have menstrual abnormalities such as menorrhagia or oligomenorrhea. Osseous metaplasia is mostly seen after recurrent abortions. Removing the bone tissue helps spontaneous conception. Intrauterine hyperechogenic lesion, suggesting calcification in transvaginal ultrasonography, creates suspicion in diagnosis. Here, we present a patient who underwent dilatation and curettage procedure following a missed abortion, and osseous metaplasia of endometrium was radiologically detected at a 1-month follow-up examination. White bony material was shown in the uterine cavity with hysteroscopy. The lesion was treated by hysteroscopic removal without any complications. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of endometrial osseous metaplasia. Thus, hysteroscopy was effective in the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial osseous metaplasia.
PubMed: 36660327
DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_121_21 -
Cancers Jul 2019Several histopathological variants of colorectal carcinoma can be distinguished, some associated with specific molecular profiles. However, in routine practice,... (Review)
Review
Several histopathological variants of colorectal carcinoma can be distinguished, some associated with specific molecular profiles. However, in routine practice, ninety/ninety-five percent of all large bowel tumors are diagnosed as conventional adenocarcinoma, even though they are a heterogeneous group including rare histotypes, which are often under-recognized. Indeed, colorectal cancer exhibits differences in incidence, location of tumor, pathogenesis, molecular pathways and outcome depending on histotype. The aim is therefore to review the morphological and molecular features of these rare variants of intestinal carcinomas which may hold the key to differences in prognosis and treatment.
PubMed: 31340478
DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071036 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Apr 2024Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare entity in which there is presence of mature or immature bone tissue in the endometrium. It is a rare disorder that... (Review)
Review
Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare entity in which there is presence of mature or immature bone tissue in the endometrium. It is a rare disorder that usually leads to secondary infertility and is frequently associated with recurrent miscarriages and can be rarely asymptomatic. We present the case of a patient with endometrial ossification associated with secondary infertility. The patient presented with excessive vaginal discharge and was undergoing evaluation for secondary infertility. Transvaginal sonography showed a hyperechoic elongated lesion in the endometrium suggestive of endometrial calcification with posterior acoustic shadowing. Diagnostic hysteroscopy was done and the endometrial cavity showed multiple white-colored, solid, fan-shaped structures and bony spicules all over the endometrium, which were removed with a hysteroscopic grasper and sent for histopathological examination (HPE). The HPE confirmed the presence of bony trabeculae along with secretory endometrial glands. There have only been a few cases of endometrial osseous metaplasia reported in India and it is usually an overlooked cause of infertility. Although rare, we should consider this as a probable cause of secondary infertility when the characteristic ultrasound features are visualized and that hysteroscopic resection is the gold standard treatment.
PubMed: 38682474
DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.15581 -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2017To report a case of intraocular ossification, describe its particularities and review some of the pathogenesis theories. We described the case of a 31-year-old woman...
To report a case of intraocular ossification, describe its particularities and review some of the pathogenesis theories. We described the case of a 31-year-old woman with a history of perforating trauma ten years before, who presented in our clinic for right eye pain. The patient wanted a cosmetic improvement so an evisceration was proposed. An intraocular hard yellowish mass, which had a histopathological examination, was found intraoperatively. We diagnosed the case as an intraocular ossification, based on the medical history and histopathological specimen examination, which proved to be an ossified structure. In spite of a rare occurrence, our case emphasized the theory that trauma and subsequent neurogenic inflammation could lead to osseous metaplasia.
Topics: Adult; Eye Evisceration; Female; Humans; Metaplasia; Orbital Implants; Ossification, Heterotopic; Osteogenesis; Retinal Detachment; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 29450374
DOI: 10.22336/rjo.2017.12 -
Juvenile Polyps with Osseous Metaplasia: Report of Two Pediatric Cases and Review of the Literature.Fetal and Pediatric Pathology Feb 2022Osseous metaplasia is considered as a response to insults such as chronic inflammation or mucin extravasation in colorectal polyps. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Osseous metaplasia is considered as a response to insults such as chronic inflammation or mucin extravasation in colorectal polyps.
CASE REPORT
we report two cases of osseous metaplasia in juvenile (retention) polyps as incidental histopathological findings in a case of rectal juvenile polyposis and a patient with solitary rectal juvenile polyp.
CONCLUSION
Osseous metaplasia can occur in colorectal juvenile polyps and is considered a probable response to mucin extravasation and/or chronic inflammation. The clinical and prognostic significance of osseous metaplasia in these polyps is unknown.
Topics: Child; Hamartoma; Humans; Intestinal Polyposis; Intestinal Polyps; Metaplasia; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Polyps
PubMed: 32406794
DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2020.1761916 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2015Lipomas are benign soft tissue tumours composed mainly of mature adipose tissue. Histological variants of lipomas have been named according to the type of tissue present... (Review)
Review
Lipomas are benign soft tissue tumours composed mainly of mature adipose tissue. Histological variants of lipomas have been named according to the type of tissue present and they include fibrolipoma, angiolipoma, osteolipoma, chondrolipoma and others. Osteolipoma, a classic lipoma with osseous metaplasia, is a very rare histological variant. Owing to the rarity of oral osteolipomas, we report an uncommon case of osteolipoma located on the floor of the mouth of a 20-year-old female patient and include a review of the literature.
Topics: Calcinosis; Female; Humans; Lipoma; Metaplasia; Mouth; Mouth Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 26113591
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-209883