-
Nature Reviews. Rheumatology Oct 2021Blood vessels form a versatile transport network that is best known for its critical roles in processes such as tissue oxygenation, metabolism and immune surveillance.... (Review)
Review
Blood vessels form a versatile transport network that is best known for its critical roles in processes such as tissue oxygenation, metabolism and immune surveillance. The vasculature also provides local, often organ-specific, molecular signals that control the behaviour of other cell types in their vicinity during development, homeostasis and regeneration, and also in disease processes. In the skeletal system, the local vasculature is actively involved in both bone formation and resorption. In addition, blood vessels participate in inflammatory processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases that affect the joints, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the architecture, angiogenic growth and functional properties of the bone vasculature. The effects of ageing and pathological conditions, including arthritis and osteoporosis, are also discussed.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Arthritis; Bone Development; Bone Diseases; Bone Regeneration; Bone and Bones; Chondrocytes; Endothelium, Vascular; Fractures, Bone; Homeostasis; Humans; Joint Diseases; Macrophages; Mice; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Receptor Cross-Talk; Synoviocytes
PubMed: 34480164
DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00682-3 -
Cells Nov 2022In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is... (Review)
Review
In the physiological condition, the skeletal system's bone resorption and formation are in dynamic balance, called bone homeostasis. However, bone homeostasis is destroyed under pathological conditions, leading to the occurrence of bone metabolism diseases. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is regulated by oxygen concentration. It affects energy metabolism, which plays a vital role in preventing bone metabolic diseases. This review focuses on the HIF-1α pathway and describes in detail the possible mechanism of its involvement in the regulation of bone homeostasis and angiogenesis, as well as the current experimental studies on the use of HIF-1α in the prevention of bone metabolic diseases. HIF-1α/RANKL/Notch1 pathway bidirectionally regulates the differentiation of macrophages into osteoclasts under different conditions. In addition, HIF-1α is also regulated by many factors, including hypoxia, cofactor activity, non-coding RNA, trace elements, etc. As a pivotal pathway for coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis, HIF-1α has been widely studied in bone metabolic diseases such as bone defect, osteoporosis, osteonecrosis of the femoral head, fracture, and nonunion. The wide application of biomaterials in bone metabolism also provides a reasonable basis for the experimental study of HIF-1α in preventing bone metabolic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Bone and Bones; Homeostasis; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Metabolic Diseases; Neovascularization, Pathologic
PubMed: 36428981
DOI: 10.3390/cells11223552 -
Theranostics 2021Emerging evidence indicates that the growth of blood vessels and osteogenesis is tightly coordinated during bone development. However, the molecular regulators of...
Emerging evidence indicates that the growth of blood vessels and osteogenesis is tightly coordinated during bone development. However, the molecular regulators of intercellular communication in the bone microenvironment are not well studied. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether BMMSC-Exo promotes osteogenesis and angiogenesis via transporting lnc-H19 in the CBS- heterozygous mouse model. Using RT2 lncRNA PCR array screening, we identify a bone-specific, long noncoding RNA-H19 (lncRNA-H19/lnc-H19) in exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSC-Exo) during osteogenesis. Using bioinformatics analysis, we further discovered the seed sequence of miR-106a that could bind to lnc-H19. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to demonstrate the direct binding of miR-106a to the target gene angiopoietin 1 (Angpt1). We employed an immunocompromised Nude mouse model, to evaluate the effects of BMMSC-Exo on angiogenesis . Using a micro-CT scan, we monitored microstructural changes of bone in the experimental mice. BMMSC-Exo possessed exosomal characteristics including exosome size, and typical markers including CD63, CD9, and TSD101. , BMMSC-Exo significantly promoted endothelial angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Mechanistic studies have shown that exosomal lnc-H19 acts as "sponges" to absorb miR-106 and regulate the expression of angiogenic factor, Angpt1 that activates lnc-H19/Tie2-NO signaling in mesenchymal and endothelial cells. Both of these effects on osteogenesis and angiogenesis are inhibited by antagonizing Tie2 signaling. Treatment of BMMSC-Exo also restored the bone formation and mechanical quality . These findings provide a novel insight into how the extracellular role of exosomal lnc-H19 affects osteogenesis and angiogenesis through competing endogenous RNA networks.
Topics: Angiopoietin-1; Animals; Bone and Bones; Cell Line, Tumor; Endothelial Cells; Exosomes; Genes, Tumor Suppressor; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; MicroRNAs; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Nitric Oxide; Osteogenesis; RNA, Long Noncoding; Receptor, TIE-2; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34335960
DOI: 10.7150/thno.58410 -
JCI Insight Apr 2020Increased subchondral bone angiogenesis with blood vessels breaching the tidemark into the avascular cartilage is a diagnostic feature of human osteoarthritis. However,...
Increased subchondral bone angiogenesis with blood vessels breaching the tidemark into the avascular cartilage is a diagnostic feature of human osteoarthritis. However, the mechanisms that initiate subchondral bone angiogenesis remain unclear. We show that abnormally increased platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) secretion by mononuclear preosteoclasts induces subchondral bone angiogenesis, contributing to osteoarthritis development. In mice after destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), aberrant joint subchondral bone angiogenesis developed during an early stage of osteoarthritis, before articular cartilage damage occurred. Mononuclear preosteoclasts in subchondral bone secrete excessive amounts of PDGF-BB, which activates platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β) signaling in pericytes for neo-vessel formation. Selective knockout of PDGF-BB in preosteoclasts attenuates subchondral bone angiogenesis and abrogates joint degeneration and subchondral innervation induced by DMM. Transgenic mice that express PDGF-BB in preosteoclasts recapitulate pathological subchondral bone angiogenesis and develop joint degeneration and subchondral innervation spontaneously. Our study provides the first evidence to our knowledge that PDGF-BB derived from preosteoclasts is a key driver of pathological subchondral bone angiogenesis during osteoarthritis development and offers a new avenue for developing early treatments for this disease.
Topics: Animals; Becaplermin; Bone and Bones; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteoarthritis; Osteoclasts
PubMed: 32208385
DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135446 -
Histopathology Feb 2021Owing to a sharp increase in the frequency of diagnosis of colorectal adenomas in the current era of population screening, distinctive morphological features are... (Review)
Review
Owing to a sharp increase in the frequency of diagnosis of colorectal adenomas in the current era of population screening, distinctive morphological features are increasingly being observed. These may present diagnostic challenges and cause clinical management issues. Paneth cell metaplasia is a more common occurrence, but the incidence rates of squamous metaplasia, clear cell metaplasia, osseous metaplasia, neuroendocrine differentiation and signet-ring cell-like lesion are low, and they can be seen in <1% of colorectal adenomas. Their histomorphological characteristics are quite unique; ancillary studies are not very helpful and often not needed. In this review, we give an overview and describe the potential clinical consequences of such incidental and special morphological findings in colorectal adenomas.
Topics: Adenoma; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Metaplasia; Neuroendocrine Cells; Ossification, Heterotopic; Paneth Cells
PubMed: 32981102
DOI: 10.1111/his.14263 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Nov 2017Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) covers the stage of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and classic ankylosing spondylitis. The pathognomonic findings of... (Review)
Review
Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) covers the stage of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and classic ankylosing spondylitis. The pathognomonic findings of axSpA are mainly inflammatory and osteoproliferative changes in the sacroiliac joints (SIJ) and the spine. Various imaging techniques are being used in daily practice for assessment of disease-specific changes, such as periarticular bone marrow edema, erosions, sclerosis, fat metaplasia and ankylosis in the SIJ or spondylitis, spondylodiscitis, facet joint involvement, or syndesmophytes in the spine of patients with axSpA. Conventional radiographs are still considered the gold standard for assessment of structural changes, while the method of for detection of inflammatory changes is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A result for an MRI in the SIJ is considered positive for axSpA when more than one lesion is present on one MRI slice, If there is one lesion only, this should be present on at least two consecutive slices. For the spine, inflammatory lesions should preferably be located in the corner of the vertebral bodies, while occurrence of spondylitis in three or more vertebral corners is considered highly suggestive of axSpA. This review gives a detailed overview about the benefits and limitations of all available imaging techniques in patients with axSpA, explains the usage of imaging techniques in the context of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease, and reports on the potential future trends in the area of imaging of the axial skeleton in patients who are suspicious for this diagnosis.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Radiography; Reproducibility of Results; Sacroiliac Joint; Spine; Spondylarthritis
PubMed: 29185288
DOI: No ID Found -
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery Jan 2012This is a case report of Eagle's syndrome due to osseous metaplasia of the stylohyoid apparatus treated conservatively by injection of a local anesthetic - steroid...
This is a case report of Eagle's syndrome due to osseous metaplasia of the stylohyoid apparatus treated conservatively by injection of a local anesthetic - steroid combination. The incidence, etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical picture and various approaches to treatment of ossified stylohyoid ligament associated with Eagle's syndrome have been discussed. Anterolateral glossodynia, which is a previously unreported finding in Eagle's syndrome, and its possible etiology, has also been discussed.
PubMed: 23483633
DOI: 10.4103/2231-0746.95326 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jun 2020
Topics: Humans; Metaplasia
PubMed: 32461466
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1829_19 -
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research :... Apr 2010It has been difficult to identify the molecular features central to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma owing to a lack of understanding of the cell or origin, the absence...
It has been difficult to identify the molecular features central to the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma owing to a lack of understanding of the cell or origin, the absence of identifiable precursor lesions, and its marked genetic complexity at the time of presentation. Interestingly, several human genetic disorders and familial cancer syndromes, such as Li-Fraumeni syndrome, are linked to an increased risk of osteosarcoma. Association of these same genetic alterations and osteosarcoma risk have been confirmed in murine models. Osteosarcoma is associated with a variety of genetic abnormalities that are among the most commonly observed in human cancer; it remains unclear, however, what events initiate and are necessary to form osteosarcoma. The availability of new resources for studying osteosarcoma and newer research methodologies offer an opportunity and promise to answer these currently unanswered questions. Even in the absence of a more fundamental understanding of osteosarcoma, association studies and preclinical drug testing may yield clinically relevant information.
Topics: Age of Onset; Animals; Bone Neoplasms; Bone and Bones; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Li-Fraumeni Syndrome; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Osteosarcoma
PubMed: 20205169
DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.77 -
International Journal of Fertility &... 2016To provide a comprehensive review of the published literature of patients with endo- metrial bone or osseous fragments with a view to critically examine the antecedent... (Review)
Review
To provide a comprehensive review of the published literature of patients with endo- metrial bone or osseous fragments with a view to critically examine the antecedent clinical presentation, investigations and prognosis after treatment. This systematic review of the literature includes full text articles of published case re- ports and cases series from the following computerized databases: PubMed, Ovid, and Medline between 1928 and 2013. We reviewed a total of 293 patients in 155 case reports and case series. The mean ± SD age at presentation was 32.7 ± 8.9. Approximately 88% of patients had at least one prior surgical uterine evacuation relating to pregnancy termina- tion or loss at a median gestational age of 14 weeks (range of 4-41 weeks). The most common presenting symptom was infertility (56.2%). One hundred twenty- four (66.0%) of the 188 patients attempting pregnancy after treatment achieved pregnancy prior to article publication and the majority (82.3%) were spontane- ous. Spontaneous miscarriage rate remains high (43%); however, most pregnancies ended in live-birth (55%). Bone fragments in the endometrium are most commonly found after pregnancy termina- tion, present with infertility and/or irregular menses, and upon removal, patients rapidly conceive spontaneously.
PubMed: 27441047
DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4904