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Diagnostic Pathology Mar 2020There is minimal information regarding the prevalence of intratumoral adipose in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and no study has assessed the impact of intratumoral adipose...
BACKGROUND
There is minimal information regarding the prevalence of intratumoral adipose in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and no study has assessed the impact of intratumoral adipose on the preoperative imaging diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and histopathologic characteristics of entrapped adipose with or without osseous metaplasia in RCC nephrectomy specimens and to determine if this finding impacted the preoperative imaging interpretation.
METHODS
704 RCC specimens were prospectively evaluated for entrapped adipose and osseous metaplasia (423 partial nephrectomies, 281 total nephrectomies; 327 pT1a, 377 ≥ pT1b; 510 clear cell, 119 papillary, 30 chromophobe, 22 clear cell papillary, 23 other). Imaging reports were obtained, and the presence of intratumoral fat or calcification and the radiologic diagnostic impression were recorded.
RESULTS
3% (n = 21) contained microscopically identified intratumoral adipose, with a similar frequency in the main histologic subtypes (p = 0.76). Mean metaplastic deposit size was 0.4 cm, mean deposit to capsule distance 0.2 cm, and 29% involved the tumor capsule. Histologically identified adipose was infrequently noted via imaging (13%), and only 1 case with histologically identified metaplasia had a radiologic diagnostic differential of angiomyolipoma (1/704, 0.1%).
CONCLUSION
While intratumoral adipose and/or osseous metaplasia can be observed within RCC, it is extremely rare for the radiologic diagnostic impression to have been confounded by histologically identified entrapped adipose. Awareness that metaplastic deposits are usually near the tumor capsule and may be minute could help prevent errors in diagnosis or staging.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Calcinosis; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Female; Humans; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Metaplasia; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32143646
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00941-z -
Journal of the Korean Association of... Oct 2022Osseous metaplasia is defined as the formation of lamellar bone inside soft tissue structures where bone normally does not exist. It results from the transformation of...
Osseous metaplasia is defined as the formation of lamellar bone inside soft tissue structures where bone normally does not exist. It results from the transformation of non-osseous connective tissue into mature bone. This condition is rare in the oral and maxillofacial region. We report a case of osseous metaplasia of the maxilla, a rare benign tumor in an uncommon region. A 60-year-old male patient visited our clinic complaining of foreign body sensation and asymptomatic swelling on the right palatal side. However, he did not experience pain and reported no local trauma that he could remember. Intra-oral examination revealed an exophytic lesion on the right palatal portion. On computed tomography, there was a round hard-tissue mass approximately 2 cm in diameter on the right palate area. The mass was biopsied and diagnosed as an osseous metaplasia. We review the clinical, radiographic, and histologic features and common causes of osseous metaplasia and report a rare case of osseous metaplasia of the palate.
PubMed: 36316191
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.5.315 -
Brain & Spine 2022•Metaplastic meningiomas are rare entities, and intracranial osseous subtype are even more rare.•Gross total resection is considered the best treatment... (Review)
Review
•Metaplastic meningiomas are rare entities, and intracranial osseous subtype are even more rare.•Gross total resection is considered the best treatment choice.•Differential diagnosis is mandatory, including osteoma, osteoblastoma, and calcified giant aneurysms.•This rare entity must be considered in a global approach and tailored surgical technique.
PubMed: 36248170
DOI: 10.1016/j.bas.2022.101189 -
Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the... Jan 2022Published findings on the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of sialoceles are limited to brief descriptions from reported cases in eight dogs and one cat. The authors...
Published findings on the computed tomographic (CT) appearance of sialoceles are limited to brief descriptions from reported cases in eight dogs and one cat. The authors have seen sialoceles with CT characteristics that are not consistent with these previous reports. The purpose of this multicenter, retrospective, descriptive, case series study was to provide more detailed descriptions of the CT appearance of confirmed sialoceles in dogs. Dogs over a 10-year period with cytologically or histologically confirmed sialoceles and pre- and postcontrast CT studies of the head were included. Multiple qualitative and quantitative features were described for each sialocele with histological correlation. Twelve dogs with a total of 13 sialoceles were identified, including: seven cervical sialoceles, three complex (combined cervical and sublingual) sialoceles, two sublingual sialoceles, and one zygomatic sialocele. All sialoceles were characterized by fluid attenuating, non-contrast enhancing contents (median 18.5 HU) and soft tissue attenuating, contrast-enhancing walls. The external margins of all sialocele walls were smooth; however, the internal margins in six sialoceles were irregular with poorly defined nodular to frond-like protrusions. Mineralized foci of variable size (range < 1 mm to 4.8 mm) and attenuation (range 119 to 1253 HU) were present in seven sialoceles and histologically identified as sialoliths (three sialoceles) and osseous metaplasia (two sialoceles). A unique finding in the sialoceles in this study was the presence of intraluminal nodular to frond-like protrusions arising from the wall. This study also reports the CT appearance of cervical and complex sialoceles and sialocele mineralizations.
Topics: Animals; Cysts; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Neck; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34585807
DOI: 10.1111/vru.13022 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2018Benign Osseous metaplasia of the breast is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here we present a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast...
INTRODUCTION
Benign Osseous metaplasia of the breast is rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Here we present a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as a breast lump.
CASE PRESENTATION
38-year-old previously well woman presented with a one-year history of bilateral breast pain and a left-sided breast lump. Ultrasound and mammography suggested calcified fibroadenoma. An ultrasound-guided true cut biopsy revealed fibrous tissue containing foci of adenosis in the presence of a myoepithelial cell layer. Excision biopsy was performed, and histopathological examination showed bone matrix deposition occupying most of the nodule with peripheral hyalinized tissue but no evidence of malignancy. A diagnosis of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast was made, and the patient recovered well without recurrence after lump excision.
DISCUSSION
Only a few cases of osseous metaplasia are reported in the literature. Most reported cases are malignant, such as in fibrosarcoma, malignant mesenchymoma, osteoid sarcoma, osteogenic sarcoma, and osteochondrosarcoma.Very few cases of osseous sarcoma are reported in benign lesions such as fibroadenoma, pleomorphic adenoma, benign mesenchymoma, phyllodes tumor, and amyloid tumor of the breast. Joshi et al. first reported a case of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as breast lump in an HIV-positive patient [18]. We, therefore, consider this case to be the second case report of benign osseous metaplasia of the breast presenting as a breast lump, but the patient had no chronic illness.
CONCLUSION
A breast lump can be the first presentation of benign osseous metaplasia.
PubMed: 29482081
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.02.025 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Mar 2019Oral mucositis is a well-known adverse event of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Its nasal counterpart, the radiation-induced rhinitis, is poorly... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Oral mucositis is a well-known adverse event of radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). Its nasal counterpart, the radiation-induced rhinitis, is poorly studied and considered in clinical practice.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this observational study was to evaluate acute cytological and olfactory alterations during RT and their correlation with RT doses.
METHODS
Ten patients who underwent RT for HNC, excluding tumors of the nasal cavities, were evaluated with nasal scraping for cytological examination, Sniffin' Sticks test for olfactory assessment, and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation scale. The examinations were performed before (T0), at mid-course (T1), and at the end (T2) of RT. They were repeated 1 and 3 months after RT (T3 and T4). Mean dose (D) and near maximum dose (D) to nasal cavities and inferior turbinates were used for correlation analyses.
RESULTS
Radiation-induced rhinitis was present in 70% of patients at T2, and it was still observed in 40% of cases after 3 months. Although olfactory function remained within the normal range at the evaluated times, a significant decrease in odor threshold and discrimination was observed during RT, which returned to baseline levels after RT. Nasal cytology showed a radiation-induced rhinitis with neutrophils and sometimes bacteria. Mucous and squamous cell metaplasia appeared in 10% of patients. D and D to inferior turbinates were associated to neutrophilic rhinitis at T2, and D to inferior turbinates was correlated to mucous cell metaplasia at T2.
CONCLUSIONS
RT for HNC induces acute rhinitis that may persist after the completion of treatment and can affect patient's quality of life. Nasal cytology can help to choose the best treatment on an individual basis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Obstruction; Olfactory Perception; Radiation Dosage; Radiation Injuries; Recovery of Function; Rhinitis; Sensory Thresholds; Smell; Turbinates
PubMed: 30632393
DOI: 10.1177/1945892418822448 -
Fetal and Pediatric Pathology Feb 2023There are occasional reports of osseous metaplasia (OM) occurring in gastrointestinal polyps. We report 4 cases occurring in juvenile retention polyps. Four juvenile... (Review)
Review
There are occasional reports of osseous metaplasia (OM) occurring in gastrointestinal polyps. We report 4 cases occurring in juvenile retention polyps. Four juvenile retention polyps presented with rectal bleeding. Microscopically there was osseous metaplasia in addition to the typical surface ulceration and granulation tissue appearance. Osseous metaplasia was only detected on histopathologic examination of the resected polyps. Although the clinical significance is not established, OM suggests that the polyps have been present for a longer period of time.
Topics: Humans; Polyps; Rectum; Choristoma; Metaplasia; Clinical Relevance
PubMed: 35271404
DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2022.2047848 -
Journal of Dental Research Jan 2023While formation and regeneration of the skeleton have been studied for a long period of time, significant scientific advances in this field continue to emerge based on... (Review)
Review
While formation and regeneration of the skeleton have been studied for a long period of time, significant scientific advances in this field continue to emerge based on an unmet clinical need to improve options to promote bone repair. In this review, we discuss the relationship between mechanisms of bone formation and bone regeneration. Data clearly show that regeneration is not simply a reinduction of the molecular and cellular programs that were used for development. Instead, the mechanical environment exerts a strong influence on the mode of repair, while during development, cell-intrinsic processes drive the mode of skeletal formation. A major advance in the field has shown that cell fate is flexible, rather than terminal, and that chondrocytes are able to differentiate into osteoblasts and other cell types during development and regeneration. This is discussed in a larger context of regeneration in vertebrates as well as the clinical implication that this shift in understanding presents.
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Cartilage; Osteogenesis; Chondrocytes; Bone Regeneration; Osteoblasts
PubMed: 36303415
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221125401 -
Asian Journal of Endoscopic Surgery Feb 2015Osseous metaplasia is a rare disorder of the endometrium that usually leads to secondary infertility and is frequently associated with recurrent abortions. Here we... (Review)
Review
Osseous metaplasia is a rare disorder of the endometrium that usually leads to secondary infertility and is frequently associated with recurrent abortions. Here we present two cases: one presenting with primary infertility and another presenting with oligomenorrhea. In both cases, vaginal ultrasonography showed an intrauterine structure that appeared hyperechogenic, suggesting calcification. Hysteroscopy revealed multiple white spicules of bony material in the uterine cavity. In both cases, the lesion was treated by hysteroscopic removal without complications. Histology established a diagnosis of endometrial osseous metaplasia. Thus, hysteroscopy was effective in the diagnosis and treatment of endometrial osseous metaplasia. The patient with primary infertility had spontaneous conception of twins 6 months after the procedure.
Topics: Adult; Calcinosis; Endometrium; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hysteroscopy; Metaplasia; Uterine Diseases
PubMed: 25598057
DOI: 10.1111/ases.12153 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jul 2019The bone formation within bladder tumors could be encountered in 3 conditions. These might consist of malignant bone formation in mesenchymal tumors; mixed mesenchymal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The bone formation within bladder tumors could be encountered in 3 conditions. These might consist of malignant bone formation in mesenchymal tumors; mixed mesenchymal and epithelial tumors; and epithelial tumors with stromal osseous metaplasia (SOM). This last is relatively rare. According to the English literature, only 12 cases have been reported in primary tumor and 7 in metastatic deposits of bladder primaries. Herein, we presented an additional case.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 83-year-old man was admitted 13 years ago for prostatic adenocarcinoma, treated with radical prostatectomy. Biochemical recurrence was detected 2 years after surgery (prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) level: 4.60 ng/mL) and progressively normalized (<1.0 ng/mL) after adjuvant radiotherapy and annual injection of leuprorelin (enantone). He was referred after 8 years for hematuria, PSA level having slightly increased (0.60 ng/ml). Cystoscopy showed a nodular growth in the bladder wall, visualized as a calcified tumor on computed tomography (CT) and removed with transurethral resection. Histologically, the tumor consists of a non-muscle-invasive high grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with metaplastic bone within the stroma. Immunohistochemical analysis particularly demonstrated positive expression of respectively CD56 on osteoblasts, and CD68 on osteoclasts. MDM2 and CDK4 were negatives on osteoid and bone tissue. Six courses of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy have been administered. Two local recidives have occurred during an 8-month follow-up period after immunotherapy and were treated with six further courses of BCG therapy. At one-month follow-up, the patient was well without remaining symptoms.
CONCLUSION
SOM is a rare benign condition whose pathogenesis remains uncompletely defined. Sarcomatoïd carcinoma represents the main differential diagnosis that influences therapeutic procedures. Prognosis depends essentially on the extent of the carcinomatous component .
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma, Papillary; Diagnosis, Differential; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Metaplasia; Prognosis; Stromal Cells; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urologic Neoplasms; Urothelium
PubMed: 31299983
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0851-z