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Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2018The current advancements in otosclerosis therapy cannot be fully appreciated without studying the history, rediscovery, and modification of a once-forgotten procedure.... (Review)
Review
The current advancements in otosclerosis therapy cannot be fully appreciated without studying the history, rediscovery, and modification of a once-forgotten procedure. The evolution of stapes surgery can be best summarized into 4 noteworthy eras: the preantibiotic era (which was forgotten and then rediscovered), the fenestration era (mainstreamed by Julius Lempert), the mobilization era (led by Samuel Rosen), and the modern stapedectomy era (revived and revolutionized by John Shea). Each era is unique with its own challenges and ingenious techniques to overcome what used to be among the leading causes of deafness.
Topics: Europe; Fenestration, Labyrinth; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery; United States
PubMed: 29502722
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.11.003 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2018
Topics: Humans; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 29502732
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.12.001 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2018Otosclerosis is pathologically characterized by abnormal bony remodeling, which includes bone resorption, new bone deposition, and vascular proliferation in the temporal... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis is pathologically characterized by abnormal bony remodeling, which includes bone resorption, new bone deposition, and vascular proliferation in the temporal bone. Sensorineural hearing loss in otosclerosis is associated with extension of otosclerosis to the cochlear endosteum and deposition of collagen throughout the spiral ligament. Persistent or recurrent conductive hearing loss after stapedectomy has been associated with incomplete footplate fenestration, poor incus-prosthesis connection, and incus resorption in temporal bone specimens. Human temporal bone pathology has helped to define the role of computed tomography imaging for otosclerosis, confirming that computed tomography is highly sensitive for diagnosis, yet limited in assessing cochlear endosteal involvement.
Topics: Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Humans; Otosclerosis; Stapes Surgery; Temporal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29397947
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.11.001 -
Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2023Otosclerosis is a bone condition affecting the stapes bone within the otic capsule, and its exact cause is still unknown. It is characterized by a lack of proper...
Otosclerosis is a bone condition affecting the stapes bone within the otic capsule, and its exact cause is still unknown. It is characterized by a lack of proper remodeling of newly formed vascular and woven bone, leading to the development of abnormal osteons and the formation of sclerotic bone. Bilateral otosclerosis is seen in 80% of patients and 60% of otosclerosis patients have a family history of the condition. The etiology of this disease is still unknown, there are lots of theories to explain it. The histopathological (HP) studies of otosclerosis showed that osteoblasts, osteoclasts, vascular proliferation, fibroblasts, and histiocytes were observed in the stapes footplate. The onset of the symptoms occurs by the early third decade of life, usually it doesn't start later. In otosclerosis, the energy exerted by sound at the level of the tympanic membrane is reduced in the inner ear due to the fixation and rigidity of the ossicular chain, leading to hearing loss, especially for low frequencies. The primary clinical symptom of otosclerosis is conductive hearing loss but it is important to note that sensorineural hearing loss and mixed hearing loss can also occur as secondary symptoms of the condition. Another symptom present in patients with otosclerosis is tinnitus. The paper carried out a retrospective study of 70 patients diagnosed with otosclerosis in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Emergency City Hospital, Timişoara, Romania, between January 2021 to December 2022. Tissue fragments were processed at Service of Pathology by standard Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The HP diagnosis was completed using Masson's trichrome staining, Giemsa histochemical staining, and immunohistochemical (IHC) reactions with anti-cluster of differentiation (CD)20, anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-CD34, and anti-CD31 antibodies. The microscopic examination showed a chronic diffuse inflammatory infiltrate that consisted predominantly of mature T-lymphocytes, immunohistochemically positive for CD3, CD4 and CD8. There were also present rare CD20-positive B-lymphocytes. Among the lymphocytes, relatively numerous mast cells were identified, highlighted histochemically by the Giemsa staining. They had numerous purple-violet intracytoplasmic granules. In the connective tissue support, a relatively rich vascular network was identified, consisting of hyperemic capillaries, highlighted immunohistochemically with anti-CD31 and anti-CD34 antibodies. Bone tissues trabeculae showed extensive areas of fibrosis. The collagen fibers were highlighted by Masson's trichrome staining, being stained in green, blue, or bluish green.
Topics: Humans; Otosclerosis; Retrospective Studies; Stapes; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural; Deafness
PubMed: 37518876
DOI: 10.47162/RJME.64.2.09 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2018Otosclerosis is a disorder presenting most commonly with unilateral conductive hearing loss. It can present as a mixed hearing loss also. Evaluation for otosclerosis... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis is a disorder presenting most commonly with unilateral conductive hearing loss. It can present as a mixed hearing loss also. Evaluation for otosclerosis relies on a specific history and physical examination, including tuning fork assessment and audiometric testing. Otosclerosis differs from other etiologies in that symptoms of imbalance are rare, and the ear most commonly appears normal on otoscopy.
Topics: Audiometry, Pure-Tone; Audiometry, Speech; Hearing Loss, Conductive; Hearing Loss, Mixed Conductive-Sensorineural; Humans; Medical History Taking; Otosclerosis; Temporal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29395113
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.11.004 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Mar 2018
Topics: Adult; Hearing Loss; Humans; Male; Otosclerosis; Otoscopy; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 29554394
DOI: 10.1177/014556131809700315 -
Neuroimaging Clinics of North America Feb 2019Many bone dysplasias, some common and others rare, may involve the temporal bone causing conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, or... (Review)
Review
Many bone dysplasias, some common and others rare, may involve the temporal bone causing conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, or skull base foraminal narrowing, potentially affecting quality of life. Some conditions may affect only the temporal bone, whereas others may be more generalized, involving different regions of the body. High-resolution computed tomography may detect subtle osseous changes that can help define the type of dysplasia, and MR imaging can help define the degree of activity of lesions and potential associated complications.
Topics: Bone Diseases, Developmental; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Otosclerosis; Temporal Bone; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 30466643
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2018.09.004 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2018This article is an overview of the care of patients requiring revision surgery for otosclerosis. Preoperative evaluation of the patient including surgical history,... (Review)
Review
This article is an overview of the care of patients requiring revision surgery for otosclerosis. Preoperative evaluation of the patient including surgical history, audiologic results, and physical findings is discussed, and the causes of failure of primary surgery are reviewed. A discussion of evidence-based surgical technique and postoperative care then follows.
Topics: Hearing Loss, Conductive; Humans; Ossicular Prosthesis; Otosclerosis; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Care; Reoperation; Stapes Surgery
PubMed: 29502729
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.11.014 -
Redox Report : Communications in Free... Sep 2017Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the...
OBJECTIVES
Otosclerosis is a disease involving abnormal bone turnover in the human otic capsule that results in hearing loss. Several hypotheses have been suggested for the etiopathogenesis of otosclerosis; however, its etiology remains unclear.
METHODS
This study evaluated the correlation between otosclerosis and levels of paraoxonase-1 (PON1), arylesterase, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), total sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, lipid hydroperoxide, and ceruloplasmin in the serum of otosclerosis patients and healthy subjects with respect to oxidative stress.
RESULTS
In our study, TOS and OSI levels were higher in the otosclerosis patients than in the controls. The PON1 levels showed that oxidative stress was severe, and as a result, antioxidants were consumed and depleted.
DISCUSSION
When an imbalance between oxygen free radical production and antioxidative defense mechanisms occurs, reactive oxygen species levels may increase, which in turn may damage cells and tissues through the peroxidation of phospholipid membrane structures. The body initially responds with increased antioxidant production, but if the oxidative stress is severe, decreased antioxidant levels may result. This study reports expression levels of oxidative stress species in otosclerosis patients.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Case-Control Studies; Ceruloplasmin; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Middle Aged; Otosclerosis; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 27387094
DOI: 10.1080/13510002.2016.1207920 -
Orvosi Hetilap Jul 2018Otosclerosis can be found exclusively in the human otic capsule of the temporal bone. Its etiology is still unknown. In the past decades, several potential... (Review)
Review
Otosclerosis can be found exclusively in the human otic capsule of the temporal bone. Its etiology is still unknown. In the past decades, several potential etiopathogenetic factors have been revealed, however, most studies were based on otosclerotic patients diagnosed by clinical symptoms only. The current experience indicates that one third of this group suffer from non-otosclerotic stapes fixation. In our experimental series, we have diagnosed and classified otosclerotic patients based on histologic examination, and analyzed also the pathogenetic factors. Recent data demonstrate that measles virus and rs1800472 SNP of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) gene are marked obvious etiologic factors, which have no therapeutic consequences so far. Furthermore, we summarize the genetic and environmental factors to be found in the literature, which may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of otosclerosis. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(30): 1215-1220.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Male; Measles; Otosclerosis; RNA, Messenger; Stapes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 30032667
DOI: 10.1556/650.2018.31144