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Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses 2015The human mycobiome includes 390 fungal species detected on the skin, in the vagina, in the oral cavity, and in the digestive tract that includes 335 species and 158... (Review)
Review
The human mycobiome includes 390 fungal species detected on the skin, in the vagina, in the oral cavity, and in the digestive tract that includes 335 species and 158 genera. Among these, 221 species are found only in the digestive tract, 88 only in the oral cavity, and 26 in both. These species belong to 126 genera of yeast and filamentous fungi, of the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Zygomycota phyla. Forty species were identified only by culture, 188 species by molecular techniques, and 19 species with both techniques. Fungal diversity does not differ significantly according to sex but Basidiobolus ranarum is significantly more prevalent in male individuals and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus in female individuals. Fungal diversity is significantly higher in adults than in infants. Only 42 species are identified in the course of inflammatory bowel disease, with 27 species specific to IBD. Twenty-nine are identified in HBV infected patients including 17 specific species, and 11 in HIV-infected patients with the specific Histoplasma capsulatum. Genotyping proved that the gut mycobiome was a source of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans and Candida glabrata. The authors suggest updating the repertoire of the human digestive tract in healthy individuals and patients. Fungal culturomics must be intensified to complete this repertoire.
Topics: Fungi; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Mycoses
PubMed: 25684583
DOI: 10.1016/j.medmal.2015.01.007 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2020
Topics: Paecilomyces
PubMed: 32853318
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182020000300263 -
Microorganisms May 2023The main purpose of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil in batch microcosm reactors. Native soil fungi isolated from the...
The main purpose of this study was to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) from contaminated soil in batch microcosm reactors. Native soil fungi isolated from the same petroleum-polluted soil and ligninolytic fungal strains were screened and applied in the treatment of soil-contaminated microcosms in aerobic conditions. The bioaugmentation processes were carried out using selected hydrocarbonoclastic fungal strains in mono or co-cultures. Results demonstrated the petroleum-degrading potential of six fungal isolates, namely KBR1 and KBR8 (indigenous) and KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 (exogenous). Based on the molecular and phylogenetic analysis, KBR1 and KB8 were identified as [MW699896] and [MW699895], while KBR1-1, KB4, KB2 and LB3 were affiliated with the genera sp. [MZ817958], [MW699897], [MZ817957] and sp. [MW699893], respectively. The highest rate of TPH degradation was recorded in soil microcosm treatments (SMT) after 60 days by inoculation with 97 ± 2.54%, followed by bioaugmentation with the native strain (92 ± 1.83%) and then by the fungal consortium (84 ± 2.21%). The statistical analysis of the results showed significant differences.
PubMed: 37317325
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051351 -
The Journal of Craniofacial SurgeryMucocele is a benign, expansile, and oppressive lesion, more common in the frontal and ethmoid sinus and less in the maxillary sinus. Sinus mucocele mainly causes cheek...
Mucocele is a benign, expansile, and oppressive lesion, more common in the frontal and ethmoid sinus and less in the maxillary sinus. Sinus mucocele mainly causes cheek swelling pain and nasal obstruction. In some cases, the paranasal mucocele grows large enough to compress periorbital structures and lead to impaired vision. Generally, mucocele is full of simple mucus, but pathogens can be found if co-infected, which means a poor prognosis. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery is an effective treatment for this disease. Here, the authors report a case that a mucocele occurred in the maxillary sinus, and a fungal ball was also found during the operation, which is a result of Paecilomyces farinosus co-infection.
Topics: Humans; Mucocele; Maxillary Sinus; Treatment Outcome; Paranasal Sinus Diseases; Pain
PubMed: 37594021
DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009632 -
Medical Mycology Apr 2020Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium species is an emerging pathogen of fungal keratitis; the risk factor, clinical course, and outcome of Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis... (Review)
Review
Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium species is an emerging pathogen of fungal keratitis; the risk factor, clinical course, and outcome of Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis need more exploration. We retrospectively reviewed 12 patients with culture-proven Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis in our hospital from 2003 to 2017 and combined them with 50 previous cases reported after the review conducted by Yuan et al. in 2009. Clinical features between the previously and newly reported cases were compared using the publication by Yuan et al. as a cutoff point. The mean age of the 62 newly reported patients with Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis was 52.7 years. Of these, contact lens wear was the most common predisposing factor (n = 32, 52%), followed by a preexisting corneal disease or previous ocular surgery (n = 12, 19%), and trauma (n = 8, 13%). Fifty eyes (81%) were treated with voriconazole, of which 31 (63%) were medically cured. Twenty-one of 62 eyes (34%) required therapeutic surgery. Compared with the 42 patients reported by Yuan et al., the patients were younger (P = .025); a higher proportion of the patients were contact lens wearers (P = .005); more patients were treated with voriconazole (P = .000); fewer patients required therapeutic surgery (P = .000) in recent reports. Contact lens use has become the major risk factor for Paecilomyces/Purpureocillium keratitis. The surgical rate has been significantly lower in recent publications, probably because of the prevalent use of voriconazole.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Child; Contact Lenses; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Keratitis; Male; Middle Aged; Paecilomyces; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Voriconazole; Young Adult
PubMed: 31204788
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz059 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jun 2022Microbial species are inherently variable, which is reflected in intraspecies genotypic and phenotypic differences. Strain-to-strain variation gives rise to variability...
Microbial species are inherently variable, which is reflected in intraspecies genotypic and phenotypic differences. Strain-to-strain variation gives rise to variability in stress resistance and plays a crucial role in food safety and food quality. Here, strain variability in heat resistance of asexual spores (conidia) of the fungal species Aspergillus niger, Penicillium roqueforti and Paecilomyces variotii was quantified and compared to bacterial variability found in the literature. After heat treatment, a 5.4- to 8.6-fold difference in inactivation rate was found between individual strains within each species, while the strain variability of the three fungal species was not statistically different. We evaluated whether the degree of intraspecies variability is uniform, not only within the fungal kingdom, but also amongst different bacterial species. Comparison with three spore-forming bacteria and two non-spore-forming bacteria revealed that the variability of the different species was indeed in the same order of magnitude, which hints to a microbial signature of variation that exceeds kingdom boundaries.
Topics: Aspergillus niger; Bacteria; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Hot Temperature; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 35651062
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111302 -
Folia Microbiologica Apr 2022Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi... (Review)
Review
Endophytic fungal communities have attracted a great attention to chemists, ecologists, and microbiologists as a treasure trove of biological resource. Endophytic fungi play incredible roles in the ecosystem including abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, eco-adaptation, enhancing growth and development, and maintaining the health of their host. In recent times, endophytic fungi have drawn a special focus owing to their indispensable diversity, unique distribution, and unparalleled metabolic pathways. The endophytic fungal communities belong to three phyla, namely Mucoromycota, Basidiomycota, and Ascomycota with seven predominant classes Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Mortierellomycotina, Mucoromycotina, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. In a review of a huge number of research finding, it was found that endophytic fungal communities of genera Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gaeumannomyces, Metarhizium, Microsphaeropsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Piriformospora, Talaromyces, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Xylaria have been sorted out and well characterized for diverse biotechnological applications for future development. Furthermore, these communities are remarkable source of novel bioactive compounds with amazing biological activity for use in agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industry. Endophytes are endowed with a broad range of structurally unique bioactive natural products, including alkaloids, benzopyranones, chinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and quinines. Subsequently, there is still an excellent opportunity to explore novel compounds from endophytic fungi among numerous plants inhabiting different niches. Furthermore, high-throughput sequencing could be a tool to study interaction between plants and endophytic fungi which may provide further opportunities to reveal unknown functions of endophytic fungal communities. The present review deals with the biodiversity of endophytic fungal communities and their biotechnological implications for agro-environmental sustainability.
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Endophytes; Fungi; Mycobiome
PubMed: 35122218
DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00939-0 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Dec 2016The authors describe a case of onychomycosis by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an 81-year-old Caucasian woman. The infection was characterized clinically by yellow-brown...
The authors describe a case of onychomycosis by Paecilomyces lilacinus in an 81-year-old Caucasian woman. The infection was characterized clinically by yellow-brown discoloration of the nail plate, distal-lateral onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis of the first left toenail. Microscopic examination showed irregular hyphae. Four cultures showed the development of lilac and powdery colonies. Conidiophores with divergent long narrow terminal phialides were observed at microscopic examination of culture samples. Therapy with amorolofine nail laquer, itraconazole and terbinafine was uneffective. This is the sixth case published in the literature of Paecilomyces lilacinus onychomycosis, and the second Italian case of Paecilomyces lilacinus infection.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antifungal Agents; Female; Foot Dermatoses; Humans; Onychomycosis; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 27824223
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Dec 2022() is a fungal species found in soil, wood and some foods, and has been associated with some severe systemic infections. has not been previously identified in carious...
() is a fungal species found in soil, wood and some foods, and has been associated with some severe systemic infections. has not been previously identified in carious tissue, and the aim of the present study is to report the presence of in a deep carious lesion discussing its possible local and systemic associations. A 28 year-old male was submitted to extraction of the upper left second premolar (tooth #25) presenting a deep carious lesion. After extraction the tooth was cleaved in its long axis, and the infected dentinal tissue was curetted and submitted to microbiological analysis using CHROMagar® Candida medium and Malt Extract Agar. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis confirmed the presence of P. variotti in the carious tissue. Post-operatory period was uneventful, healing of the dental socket was complete, and the patient remained well during the follow-up period. , a fungus not considered saprophyte in the oral cavity, was encountered in a deep caries lesion, and its potential association with local and systemic infections should be considered. Paecilomyces variotti, dental caries.
PubMed: 36601242
DOI: 10.4317/jced.60031 -
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Feb 2021Urban pests pose enormous risks to human health. Control initiatives are carried out in regions of high infestation and incidence of accidents caused by scorpions...
INTRODUCTION
Urban pests pose enormous risks to human health. Control initiatives are carried out in regions of high infestation and incidence of accidents caused by scorpions OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to analyze the anti-scorpionic activity of fungal isolates obtained from a cemetery in Brazil.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of thirteen fungi were subjected to a bioassay test against Tityus serrulatus, and the two isolates with the highest scorpionicidal activity were selected for molecular identification through sequencing of the ITS DNA hypervariable region and large-scale cultivation on liquid medium for secondary metabolite extraction. The crude extracts were partitioned by solid-phase extraction, and the resulting purified extracts were tested for anti-scorpionic activity. The extracts from one of the isolates presented better results and were submitted to UPLC-MS/MS. The metabolomics data were submitted to GNPS website for Molecular Networking and MASST searches. We also performed a MolNetEnhancer analysis to identify the chemical classes of the molecules found in the samples.
RESULTS
The most promising fungal isolate was identified as Paecilomyces sp. CMAA1686 which has 98% of similarity to Paecilomyces formosus. The sub-fractions C and D had the best activity against the scorpions (54 and 32% mortality, respectively). Molecular Networking and MolNetEnhancer revealed a range of molecular classes in our extracts that are known to include bioactive metabolites from Paecilomyces species.
CONCLUSIONS
The scorpionicidal activity of Paecilomyces sp. CMAA1686 and its secondary metabolites may provide new alternative compounds for biological and chemical control of scorpions from the species T. serrulatus. Paecilomyces sp. CMAA1686 is an isolate that has great potential for isolation of secondary metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Biological Control Agents; Brazil; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Paecilomyces; Pest Control, Biological; Scorpions; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 33524339
DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2021.107541