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Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2014Mycoses summarized in the hyalohyphomycosis group are heterogeneous, defined by the presence of hyaline (non-dematiaceous) hyphae. The number of organisms implicated in...
Mycoses summarized in the hyalohyphomycosis group are heterogeneous, defined by the presence of hyaline (non-dematiaceous) hyphae. The number of organisms implicated in hyalohyphomycosis is increasing and the most clinically important species belong to the genera Fusarium, Scedosporium, Acremonium, Scopulariopsis, Purpureocillium and Paecilomyces. Severely immunocompromised patients are particularly vulnerable to infection, and clinical manifestations range from colonization to chronic localized lesions to acute invasive and/or disseminated diseases. Diagnosis usually requires isolation and identification of the infecting pathogen. A poor prognosis is associated with fusariosis and early therapy of localized disease is important to prevent progression to a more aggressive or disseminated infection. Therapy should include voriconazole and surgical debridement where possible or posaconazole as salvage treatment. Voriconazole represents the first-line treatment of infections due to members of the genus Scedosporium. For Acremonium spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Purpureocillium spp. and Paecilomyces spp. the optimal antifungal treatment has not been established. Management usually consists of surgery and antifungal treatment, depending on the clinical presentation.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fusarium; Humans; Hyalohyphomycosis; Scedosporium
PubMed: 24548001
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12465 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2019A 54-year-old Caucasian woman presented with corneal ulcer of the right eye of 4 weeks duration after scratching her cornea while removing her contact lens and...
A 54-year-old Caucasian woman presented with corneal ulcer of the right eye of 4 weeks duration after scratching her cornea while removing her contact lens and artificial eye lashes. Her visual acuity was 20/32 (left eye) and finger counting (right eye). She had a 3x3 mm epithelial defect with underlying corneal oedema and hypopyon. Right eye cultures grew species. Topical and systemic antifungal agents were initiated. Due to the sight-threatening disease, the patient underwent surgical intervention with intrastromal injection of amphotericin B and a large conjunctival flap covering 75% of the right eye corneal ulcer. After 3 months of therapy, she had near-complete resolution of the corneal ulcer. Unfortunately, recurrence of the corneal ulcer occurred within 3 weeks of cessation of therapy, prompting reinitiation of ophthalmic and systemic antifungal agents. The patient was advised to continue therapy for 6 months with regular follow-up.
Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Corneal Edema; Corneal Ulcer; Eye Infections, Fungal; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraocular; Keratitis; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Paecilomyces; Recurrence; Surgical Flaps; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 31023737
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229226 -
Microorganisms Jul 2018spp. and spp. are heat-resistant fungi important to industry because they can cause food and beverage spoilage, incurring economic loss. The consequences of food or... (Review)
Review
spp. and spp. are heat-resistant fungi important to industry because they can cause food and beverage spoilage, incurring economic loss. The consequences of food or beverage fungal colonization is the loss of nutritional value, structure and taste, and the possibility of producing toxic secondary metabolites that may result in medical problems. Furthermore, these fungi can infect animals and humans and it is unknown if contaminated foods may be fomites. is the principal agent of food spoilage or contamination and it is most frequently associated with human hyalohyphomycosis with clinical manifestations including peritonitis, cutaneous and disseminated infections, among others. spp. had not been identified as a cause of systemic infection until the case of a dog with a fungal infection, after immunosuppressive therapy. has clinical importance because it causes severe infection in immunosuppressed patients and also because the number of immunocompetent infected patients is increasing. This review draws attention to the ability of these species to grow at high temperatures, to colonize food products, and to cause human disease.
PubMed: 29976858
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6030064 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2020Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic... (Review)
Review
Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use.
PubMed: 33321854
DOI: 10.3390/plants9121746 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020, a common saprobic filamentous fungus, not only plays an important role in biological control, but also has applications in medicine, food, and environmental... (Review)
Review
, a common saprobic filamentous fungus, not only plays an important role in biological control, but also has applications in medicine, food, and environmental protection. In this paper, 223 secondary metabolites and their bioactivities from 13 known species and various unidentified strains of are reviewed. Their structures can be described as polyketide, terpenoid, peptide, alkaloid, quinone, pyrone, sterol, and fatty acid. They have been demonstrated varying biological activities, including antimicrobial, antitumor, insecticidal, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, nematicidal, herbicidal, and enzyme-inhibiting. This review provides a comprehensive overview of secondary metabolites and their biological activities from strains of .
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Antiparasitic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors; Herbicides; Insecticides; Paecilomyces; Secondary Metabolism
PubMed: 33139652
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215077 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species...
spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species complex, whereas is related to another genus called . The aims of this study were to identify clinical isolates of spp. at the species level, and to determine their antifungal susceptibility profiles. 70 clinical spp. isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) and by multilocus rDNA genes sequencing including ITS and the D1/D2 genes. Among the 70 spp. isolates, 28 were identified as , 26 as , and 16 as . For antifungal susceptibility testing, Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) or Minimal Effective Concentrations (MECs) were determined for 8 antifungals. All isolates had high MICs and MECs of amphotericin B and echinocandins, respectively, unlike and . For azole drugs, MICs were molecule- and species- dependent. The differences in in vitro susceptibility to antifungals underline the importance of accurate species identification. The MALDI-TOF MS can be a good alternative in routine laboratory to ensure fast identification of spp. and .
PubMed: 35887446
DOI: 10.3390/jof8070684 -
Mycology 2015Cordyceps, as a general term, describes a group of ascomycetous fungi growing on arthropods and other related fungi. Some cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese... (Review)
Review
Cordyceps, as a general term, describes a group of ascomycetous fungi growing on arthropods and other related fungi. Some cordyceps have been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries and cordyceps-derived products are currently a big industry in China. A number of medicinal and health products have been developed and extensively commercialized from natural Chinese cordyceps, its anamorphic fungus (), and other fungi known as Chinese cordyceps. The lack of a defined classification system for medicinal cordyceps fungi is a source of confusion in the industry and the public, and even among pharmaceutical scientists. This review summarizes the cordyceps fungi currently used in the industry in China with a special reference to clarify Chinese cordyceps and associated fungi. , and are well recognized and commercialized cordyceps fungi in China. Except the natural Chinese cordyceps and its anamorphic fungus, , , and isolated from natural Chinese cordyceps are classified as Chinese cordyceps-associated fungi. is a cordyceps fungus based on current phylogenetic analysis of Hypocreales, while is a fungus in the Zygomycetes and should only be treated as associated fungus of Chinese cordyceps. and belong to the Hypocreales and their relationship to cordyceps fungi should be further studied. The exploitation of the resources of cordyceps fungi and their quality control in the industry should be major topics for future studies. Cooperation between the industry and the research community will enhance the whole cordyceps industry.
PubMed: 30151320
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1043967 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Jun 2020
Topics: Paecilomyces
PubMed: 32853318
DOI: 10.4067/s0716-10182020000300263 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2022Several species of nematophagous fungi exist in nature that can capture and kill nematodes as natural predators of soil-dwelling worms. These are important in...
BACKGROUND
Several species of nematophagous fungi exist in nature that can capture and kill nematodes as natural predators of soil-dwelling worms. These are important in agriculture and animal husbandry as biological control agents. The diversity of nematophagous fungi found from soil had not been studied in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate Nematophagous Fungi from Soil Samples Collected From three Different Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study was conducted and samples were collected from three different agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia; Debre-Berhan (highland), Bishoftu (mid-altitude), and Awash (lowland). Twenty-seven soil samples were randomly taken from each of the three different agro-ecological climates (9 from each agro-ecological climatic zone). For each study site, samples were collected from the soil of decomposed animal feces/dung, agricultural/farmlands, and forest lands in triplicates.
RESULTS
The present study disclosed that nematophagous fungi were widespread from the study area. A total of 33 species of nematophagous fungi belonging to four genera, Arthrobotryes, Paecilomyces, Monacrosporium, and Harposporium were identified. Arthrobotrys were the most commonly isolated genera followed by Paecilomyces. The six identified species were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotryes dactyloides, Monacosporum eudermatum, Harposporium helicoides, and Monacosporum cionopagum.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that Arthrobothryes oligospora was the most common species in Bishoftu and Awash whereas. In Debre-Berhan, Paecilomyces lilacinus was the most prevalent species. Monacosporum cionapagum was not isolated from dung soil and agricultural soil whereas Harposporium helicoides and Arthrobothryes dactyloides were not found from dung and forest soil respectively.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fungi; Hypocreales; Pest Control, Biological; Soil
PubMed: 35715731
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02572-4