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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species...
spp. are emerging fungal pathogens, where and are the most reported species. Taxonomic and phylogenetic revisions in this genus have shown that represents a species complex, whereas is related to another genus called . The aims of this study were to identify clinical isolates of spp. at the species level, and to determine their antifungal susceptibility profiles. 70 clinical spp. isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (MS) and by multilocus rDNA genes sequencing including ITS and the D1/D2 genes. Among the 70 spp. isolates, 28 were identified as , 26 as , and 16 as . For antifungal susceptibility testing, Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) or Minimal Effective Concentrations (MECs) were determined for 8 antifungals. All isolates had high MICs and MECs of amphotericin B and echinocandins, respectively, unlike and . For azole drugs, MICs were molecule- and species- dependent. The differences in in vitro susceptibility to antifungals underline the importance of accurate species identification. The MALDI-TOF MS can be a good alternative in routine laboratory to ensure fast identification of spp. and .
PubMed: 35887446
DOI: 10.3390/jof8070684 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Nov 2021Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus...
Fungi that degrade B20 biodiesel in storage tanks have also been linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). A member of the filamentous fungal genus Paecilomyces and a yeast from the genus Wickerhamomyces were isolated from heavily contaminated B20 storage tanks from multiple Air Force bases. Although these taxa were linked to microbiologically influenced corrosion , precise measurement of their corrosion rates and pitting severity on carbon steel was not available. In the experiments described here, we directly link fungal growth on B20 biodiesel to higher corrosion rates and pitting corrosion of carbon steel under controlled conditions. When these fungi were growing solely on B20 biodiesel for carbon and energy, consumption of FAME and -alkanes was observed. The corrosion rates for both fungi were highest at the interface between the B20 biodiesel and the aqueous medium, where they acidified the medium and produced deeper pits than abiotic controls. Paecilomyces produced the most corrosion of carbon steel and produced the greatest pitting damage. This study characterizes and quantifies the corrosion of carbon steel by fungi that are common in fouled B20 biodiesel through their metabolism of the fuel, providing valuable insight for assessing MIC associated with storing and dispensing B20 biodiesel. Biodiesel is widely used across the United States and worldwide, blended with ultra-low-sulfur diesel in various concentrations. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that the filamentous fungus Paecilomyces AF001 and the yeast Wickerhamomyces SE3 were able to degrade fatty acid methyl esters and alkanes in biodiesel, causing increases in acidity. Both fungi also accelerated the corrosion of carbon steel, especially at the interface of the fuel and water, where their biofilms were located. This research provides controlled, quantified measurements and the localization of microbiologically influenced corrosion caused by common fungal contaminants in biodiesel fuels.
Topics: Alkanes; Biofuels; Carbon; Corrosion; Paecilomyces; Saccharomycetales; Steel
PubMed: 34586908
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01177-21 -
Journal of Medical Microbiology May 2022The occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are closely related to gut microbiota. is a medicinal and edible fungus. is a therapeutic material for...
The occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN) are closely related to gut microbiota. is a medicinal and edible fungus. is a therapeutic material for unifying Chinese Qi. They can delay the occurrence and development of kidney disease. In recent years, solid-state fermentation of edible fungi and traditional Chinese medicine has become a hot issue. We assumed that solid-state fermentation products of and (RPF) could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and modulate gut microbiota composition. We aimed to study the function and mechanism of the RPF for ameliorating DN in mice. We investigated the effect of the potential roles of RPF in DN mice and interaction between DN and gut microbiota using animal experiments and gut microbiota measurements. We found that RPF dramatically reduced urine protein, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen in DN mice. Furthermore, RPF ameliorated the physiological condition of DN mice by regulating the abundance of intestinal microbiota such as , , and . RPF can ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and modulate gut microbiota composition.
Topics: Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Cordyceps; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice
PubMed: 35617337
DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001535 -
Plant Disease Jan 2022Paecilomyces rot of apples is a postharvest disease caused by , a problematic spoiling agent of fruit juices and derivatives. Processing fruits infected with...
Paecilomyces rot of apples is a postharvest disease caused by , a problematic spoiling agent of fruit juices and derivatives. Processing fruits infected with Paecilomyces rot can lead to juices contaminated with ascospores. These ascospores are heat resistant and may survive food processing and germinate in finished products. Because the fungus produces the mycotoxin patulin, juice spoilage by is an important health hazard. Little is known about the disease biology and control mechanisms of this recently described postharvest disease. The range of fruit products contaminated by and patulin led us to hypothesize that the host range of Paecilomyces rot is broader than previously thought. Following Koch's postulates, we determined that multiple untested rosaceous fruits and popular apple cultivars are susceptible to Paecilomyces rot infection and that these infected fruits contain significant levels of patulin. We also observed that two closely related food spoiling fungi, and , were unable to infect, cause symptoms in, or grow in wounded fruits. Therefore, we challenge the assumption that spoilage inoculum is introduced to foods solely through environmental sources, and we show that other economically important rosaceous fruits, peaches, pears, sweet cherries, and sour cherries, are susceptible to infection and can also be sources of spoilage inoculum. Our results highlight the unique abilities of to infect a variety of fruits, produce patulin, and form resistant spores capable of spoiling normally shelf-stable products.
Topics: Byssochlamys; Fruit; Malus; Patulin; Pyrus
PubMed: 34445878
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-21-0855-RE -
International Journal of Food... Jan 2023Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most widely cultivated foods in the world and is of great socio-economic importance, especially in developing countries....
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most widely cultivated foods in the world and is of great socio-economic importance, especially in developing countries. It is predominantly consumed in boiled form, but also is used to produce a number of products, including cassava starch, sour starch, cassava flour and tapioca flour (hydrated cassava starch). Fungal spoilage can occur throughout the production chain, impairing both productivity and quality, as well as posing a potential risk of contamination by mycotoxins. We used multidisciplinary approaches based on phenotypic and molecular data (ITS/BenA/TEF-1a/RPB2 loci) to investigate the mycobiota of 101 samples (including roots, soil and products) collected in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 20 fungal groups/genera were morphologically characterized, and 37 different species were molecularly identified. The predominant groups in cassava tubers were Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Trichoderma spp. In cassava products, the most frequent groups were Penicillium spp. and Paecilomyces spp. Potentially toxigenic species were also found, including Paecilomyces saturatus, Penicillium citrinum, P. paneum, P. brevicompactum, P. chrysogenum, Fusarium foetens and Fusarium mundagurra. In soil-cultivated cassava samples, the groups found most frequently were Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp. and Fusarium spp. Some of the species found in cassava tubers and/or product samples were also present in the soil, including F. mundagurra, Neocosmospora solani, P. citrinum and P. brevicompactum. In general, there was a higher occurrence of Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp., and the predominant species were F. fabacearum and P. citrinum. The mycobiota of Brazilian cassava proved to be extremely diverse, and the occurrence of several species in cassava tubers and/or products are reported herein for the first time. Potentially toxigenic species were found in cassava tubers, cassava products and soil, showing how important it is to constantly monitor these substrates.
Topics: Manihot; Mycobiome; Brazil; Food Microbiology; Vegetables; Starch; Soil
PubMed: 36270221
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109909 -
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Feb 2020The effect of treatment regimens on fungal microbiota is unclear in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Here, we aimed to clarify the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid...
The effect of treatment regimens on fungal microbiota is unclear in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Here, we aimed to clarify the effect of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) treatment on gut fungal microbiota in UC patients. Fifty-seven UC patients, including 20 treatment-naïve and 37 5-ASA-treated, were recruited into an exploration study. We compared the gut fungal profiles of these 2 groups of patients using ITS1-2 rDNA sequencing. Ten out of 20 treatment-naïve UC patients were followed up and enrolled for a validation study and underwent a 5-ASA treatment. We assessed the longitudinal differences of fungal microbiota in these patients before and after 5-ASA treatment. Results acquired from the validation study were accordant to those from the exploration study. Ascomycota was the dominant phylum in both noninflamed and inflamed mucosae. At the phylum level, Ascomycota decreased in inflamed mucosae before 5-ASA treatment. At the genus level, pathogens such as Scytalidium, Morchella, and Paecilomyces increased, and Humicola and Wickerhamomyces decreased in inflamed mucosae. After 5-ASA treatment, Ascomycota and Wickerhamomyces increased and Scytalidium, Fusarium, Morchella, and Paecilomyces decreased in both noninflamed and inflamed mucosae. Additionally, the balanced bacteria-fungi correlation was interrupted in inflamed mucosae, and 5-ASA treatment altered group-specific fungal microbiota and restored bacteria-fungi correlation in UC patients. Our results demonstrated that fungal diversity and composition were altered and the bacteria-fungi correlation was restored in inflamed mucosae after 5-ASA treatment.
Topics: Adult; Colitis, Ulcerative; DNA, Fungal; Dysbiosis; Feces; Female; Fungi; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mesalamine; Middle Aged; Mycobiome
PubMed: 31750918
DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz207 -
BMC Microbiology Jun 2022Several species of nematophagous fungi exist in nature that can capture and kill nematodes as natural predators of soil-dwelling worms. These are important in...
BACKGROUND
Several species of nematophagous fungi exist in nature that can capture and kill nematodes as natural predators of soil-dwelling worms. These are important in agriculture and animal husbandry as biological control agents. The diversity of nematophagous fungi found from soil had not been studied in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to isolate Nematophagous Fungi from Soil Samples Collected From three Different Agro-Ecologies of Ethiopia.
METHODS
Cross-sectional study was conducted and samples were collected from three different agro-climatic zones of Ethiopia; Debre-Berhan (highland), Bishoftu (mid-altitude), and Awash (lowland). Twenty-seven soil samples were randomly taken from each of the three different agro-ecological climates (9 from each agro-ecological climatic zone). For each study site, samples were collected from the soil of decomposed animal feces/dung, agricultural/farmlands, and forest lands in triplicates.
RESULTS
The present study disclosed that nematophagous fungi were widespread from the study area. A total of 33 species of nematophagous fungi belonging to four genera, Arthrobotryes, Paecilomyces, Monacrosporium, and Harposporium were identified. Arthrobotrys were the most commonly isolated genera followed by Paecilomyces. The six identified species were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Paecilomyces lilacinus, Arthrobotryes dactyloides, Monacosporum eudermatum, Harposporium helicoides, and Monacosporum cionopagum.
CONCLUSION
This study indicated that Arthrobothryes oligospora was the most common species in Bishoftu and Awash whereas. In Debre-Berhan, Paecilomyces lilacinus was the most prevalent species. Monacosporum cionapagum was not isolated from dung soil and agricultural soil whereas Harposporium helicoides and Arthrobothryes dactyloides were not found from dung and forest soil respectively.
Topics: Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Fungi; Hypocreales; Pest Control, Biological; Soil
PubMed: 35715731
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02572-4 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2016The worldwide interest of the current era is to increase tendency towards the use of natural substances instead of synthetic ones. So, alternative and effective... (Review)
Review
The worldwide interest of the current era is to increase tendency towards the use of natural substances instead of synthetic ones. So, alternative and effective environment friendly sustainable technologies are highly needed. Due to a broad range of biological activities, fungi are considered as a significant source of pigments. Among the fungal species in the soil, the genera of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Paecilomyces, and Trichoderma are dominant. The pigments commonly produced by fungi belong to aromatic polyketide groups such as melanins, quinones, flavins, ankaflavin, anthraquinone, and naphthoquinone. The use of fungal pigments has benefits which comprise easy and fast growth in the cheap culture medium and different color shades being independent of weather conditions and would be useful in various industrial applications. In relation to the toxic effects of the synthetic dyes, the natural dyes are easily degradable since they cause no detrimental effects. Thus, the study of pigments produced by soil fungi has tremendous use in medical, textile coloring, food coloring, and cosmetics.
Topics: Fungi; Pigments, Biological; Polyketides; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 26701360
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7231-8 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Dec 2015Due its innate ability to produce extracellular enzymes which can provide eco-friendly solutions for a variety of biotechnological applications, Paecilomyces variotii is... (Review)
Review
Due its innate ability to produce extracellular enzymes which can provide eco-friendly solutions for a variety of biotechnological applications, Paecilomyces variotii is a potential source of industrial bioproducts. In this review, we report biotechnological records on the biochemistry of different enzymes produced by the fermentation of the P. variotii fungus, including tannases, phytases, cellulases, xylanases, chitinases, amylases and pectinases. Additionally, the main physicochemical properties which can affect the enzymatic reactions of the enzymes involved in the conversion of a huge number of substrates to high-value bioproducts are described. Despite all the background information compiled in this review, more research is required to consolidate the catalytic efficiency of P. variotii, which must be optimized so that it is more accurate and reproducible on a large scale.
Topics: 6-Phytase; Biotechnology; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Cellulases; Fermentation; Fungal Proteins; Industrial Microbiology; Paecilomyces
PubMed: 26274842
DOI: 10.1111/jam.12934 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Continuous cropping of watermelon () may lead to soil degradation. As a soil conditioner, microbial agent has great potential in improving soil function and enhancing...
Continuous cropping of watermelon () may lead to soil degradation. As a soil conditioner, microbial agent has great potential in improving soil function and enhancing plant growth. In this study, we aimed to explore how microbial agent relieves the soil sickness of watermelon by analyzing watermelon performance, soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures. Results suggested that microbial agent treatments significantly changed the photosynthetic efficiency of upper and lower leaves, which helped improve the growth of watermelon. The single fruit weight, fruit sugar degree and total phosphorus of soil following treatment with a mixture of DZ910 and KC1723 (treatment D_K) were higher than those in single biofertilizer treatments and control. The soil microbial community under microbial agent treatments also changed significantly, indicating the feasibility of using microbial agents as soil remediations. The proportions of and , changed significantly after using microbial agents. increased significantly after KC1723 and D_K treatments, while increased significantly after using all three kinds of microbial agents compared to control. Increases in these bacteria were positively correlated with agronomic variables of watermelon. The fungi and in the soil, which create an soil sickness of watermelon, decreased after KC1723 and D_K treatments. Meanwhile, and were positively related to incidence and negatively correlated with watermelon growth (single fruit weight and photosynthetic efficiency of upper leaves). Our microbial agent, especially D_K, represents a useful technique for alleviating soil sickness in watermelon.
PubMed: 36713202
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1101975