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The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Dec 2020To estimate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK), and determine risk cofactors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection with oral lichen planus (OLP) and oral leukoplakia (OLK), and determine risk cofactors.
STUDY DESIGN
Seven databases were searched for case-control or cross-sectional studies of OLP and OLK with healthy controls, published between 1976 and 2020. The Meta package of R software was applied to calculate the pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Thirty-six articles were finally included. OLP and OLK cases had a higher association with HPV infection than controls (OLP: OR: 4.91, 95% CI: 2.76-8.72; OLK: OR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.55-4.07). In subgroup analyses, the OR of HPV infection was higher with erosive lesions than with nonerosive lesions (OLP: OR: 5.36 and 3.47, respectively; OLK: OR: 3.34 and 3.21, respectively). Oral lesions were more strongly associated with HPV16/18 than with HPV6/11 (OLP: OR: 7.84 and 1.42, respectively; OLK: OR: 6.05 and 1.87, respectively) and varied by geographic region (OLP: OR: 4.01-7.02; OLK: OR: 1.46-27.13).
CONCLUSIONS
Oral HPV infection, particularly infection with HPV 16/18, was strongly associated with OLP and OLK. Risk cofactors included erosive lesions and geographic region.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Human papillomavirus 16; Human papillomavirus 18; Humans; Leukoplakia, Oral; Lichen Planus, Oral; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 33303094
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2020.101485 -
International Journal of Oncology Sep 2019Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, exhibiting a tropism for the epidermis and mucosae. The link between persistent HPV... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, exhibiting a tropism for the epidermis and mucosae. The link between persistent HPV infection and malignancies involving the anogenital tract as well as the head and neck has been well‑established, and it is estimated that HPV‑related cancers involving various anatomical sites account for 4.5% of all human cancers. Current prophylactic vaccines against HPV have enabled the prevention of associated malignancies. However, the sizeable population base of current infection in whom prophylactic vaccines are not applicable, certain high‑risk HPV types not included in vaccines, and the vast susceptible population in developing countries who do not have access to the costly prophylactic vaccines, put forward an imperative need for effective therapies targeting persistent infection. In this article, the life cycle of HPV, the mechanisms facilitating HPV evasion of recognition and clearance by the host immune system, and the promising therapeutic strategies currently under investigation, particularly antiviral drugs and therapeutic vaccines, are reviewed.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Humans; Immune Evasion; Life Cycle Stages; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Papillomavirus Vaccines
PubMed: 31364734
DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4847 -
Medicina Clinica Aug 2019Over the last few decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a new epidemic and become a health issue due to its involvement in several cancers... (Review)
Review
Over the last few decades, the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has emerged as a new epidemic and become a health issue due to its involvement in several cancers affecting the cervix, the anogenital region and the oropharynx. In this review, we aim to understand and explain the distinctive features of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma based on its epidemiological data, risk factors, specific topography, HPV subtypes most frequently involved, HPV-status diagnosis, clinical behaviour, prognosis, treatment, and preventive measures. In addition, the relationship of HPV with the development of other head and neck carcinomas and benign lesions of the oral cavity will also be discussed.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Male; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Spain
PubMed: 31109717
DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2019.02.027 -
Viruses May 2015Persistent infections with a high-risk type human papillomavirus (hrHPV) can progress to cancer. High-risk HPVs infect keratinocytes (KCs) and successfully suppress host... (Review)
Review
Persistent infections with a high-risk type human papillomavirus (hrHPV) can progress to cancer. High-risk HPVs infect keratinocytes (KCs) and successfully suppress host immunity for up to two years despite the fact that KCs are well equipped to detect and initiate immune responses to invading pathogens. Viral persistence is achieved by active interference with KCs innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. To this end hrHPV utilizes proteins encoded by its viral genome, as well as exploits cellular proteins to interfere with signaling of innate and adaptive immune pathways. This results in impairment of interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine production and subsequent immune cell attraction, as well as resistance to incoming signals from the immune system. Furthermore, hrHPV avoids the killing of infected cells by interfering with antigen presentation to antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Thus, hrHPV has evolved multiple mechanisms to avoid detection and clearance by both the innate and adaptive immune system, the molecular mechanisms of which will be dealt with in detail in this review.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Evasion; Keratinocytes; Papillomaviridae; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 26008697
DOI: 10.3390/v7052485 -
Pathogens and Disease Jul 2019Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers, and in particular cervical cancer, are considered to be directly stimulated by HPV oncogenes. Alternatively, these types... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancers, and in particular cervical cancer, are considered to be directly stimulated by HPV oncogenes. Alternatively, these types of cancers could also be indirectly stimulated by HPV-induced chronic inflammations, which in turn are also caused by HPV oncogenes activity. Chronic inflammation is associated with repeated tissue injury and development of mutations in the vital tumor suppressor genes. Thus, it is important to understand that the persistent HPV infection and its associated chronic inflammation is responsible for the progression of HPV-induced cancers. HPV E5, E6 and E7 could upregulate the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and prostaglandin (PG) E2 followed by the activation of the COX-PG pathway. This pathway is assumed to be the main cause of HPV-induced inflammation. Additionally, HPV oncogenes could have an impact on the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in HPV-positive patients. The upregulation of such cytokines accelerates the incidence of inflammation following HPV infection. Other factors such as microRNAs, which are involved in the inflammation pathways and aging, give rise to the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and could also be responsible for the acceleration of HPV-induced inflammation and consequent cervical cancer. In this review, the exact roles of HPV oncogenes in the occurrence of inflammation in cervical tissue, and the effects of other factors in this event are evaluated.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Female; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Inflammation; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 31504464
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz048 -
Acta Cytologica 2019Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a group of small DNA viruses that, with around 350 million years of evolution, acquired the capacity of infecting a broad range of... (Review)
Review
Papillomaviruses (PVs) are a group of small DNA viruses that, with around 350 million years of evolution, acquired the capacity of infecting a broad range of vertebrates, including humans. To date, more than 300 PV types have been isolated. Viruses that have a long common evolutionary history with their host typically cause unapparent infections. However, in some Alpha-PV infections, lesions become apparent and may cause benign proliferative disorders or even malignant proliferative lesions of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, penis, and oropharynx. The incongruence observed between the topology of the phylogenetic tree of Alpha-PVs and that of their hosts suggests that virus-host codivergence is not the only evolutionary force that has driven the progression of PVs. The integration of the precursors of E5, E6, and E7 on the genome of the ancestral Alpha-PV was important and made the colonization of new niches and the emergence of carcinogenic types possible.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Carcinogenesis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Time Factors
PubMed: 30544125
DOI: 10.1159/000492658 -
Journal of Virology Oct 2016The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is tightly linked to differentiation of the infected epithelium. This means that viral proteins must exert control over... (Review)
Review
The human papillomavirus (HPV) life cycle is tightly linked to differentiation of the infected epithelium. This means that viral proteins must exert control over epithelial gene expression in order to optimize viral production. The HPV E2 protein controls replication, transcription, and viral genome partitioning during the viral infectious life cycle. It consists of a nucleic acid-binding domain and a protein-protein interaction domain separated by a flexible serine and arginine-rich hinge region. Over the last few years, mounting evidence has uncovered an important new role for E2 in viral and cellular RNA processing. This Gem discusses the role of E2 in controlling the epithelial cellular environment and how E2 might act to coordinate late events in the viral replication cycle.
Topics: Epithelial Cells; Humans; Papillomaviridae; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 27412596
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00502-16 -
Journal of Virology Apr 2020Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their... (Review)
Review
Animal models of viral pathogenesis are essential tools in human disease research. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a significant public health issue due to their widespread sexual transmission and oncogenic potential. Infection-based models of papillomavirus pathogenesis have been complicated by their strict species and tissue specificity. In this Gem, we discuss the discovery of a murine papillomavirus, Mus musculus papillomavirus 1 (MmuPV1), and how its experimental use represents a major advancement in models of papillomavirus-induced pathogenesis/carcinogenesis, and their transmission.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogenesis; Disease Models, Animal; Mice; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 32051276
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00002-20 -
Viruses Sep 2022Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and... (Review)
Review
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause a substantial amount of human disease from benign disease such as warts to malignant cancers including cervical carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and non-melanoma skin cancer. Our ability to model HPV-induced malignant disease has been impeded by species specific barriers and pre-clinical animal models have been challenging to develop. The recent discovery of a murine papillomavirus, MmuPV1, that infects laboratory mice and causes the same range of malignancies caused by HPVs provides the papillomavirus field the opportunity to test mechanistic hypotheses in a genetically manipulatable laboratory animal species in the context of natural infections. The E6 and E7 proteins encoded by high-risk HPVs, which are the HPV genotypes associated with human cancers, are multifunctional proteins that contribute to HPV-induced cancers in multiple ways. In this review, we describe the known activities of the MmuPV1-encoded E6 and E7 proteins and how those activities relate to the activities of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by mucosal and cutaneous high-risk HPV genotypes.
Topics: Female; Humans; Mice; Animals; Papillomavirus Infections; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Alphapapillomavirus; Papillomaviridae; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 36298698
DOI: 10.3390/v14102138 -
Papillomavirus Research (Amsterdam,... Dec 2016The focus for HPV genotyping has largely been on types 16 and 18, based on their high prevalence in cervix cancer. However screening is focussed on the detection of high...
The focus for HPV genotyping has largely been on types 16 and 18, based on their high prevalence in cervix cancer. However screening is focussed on the detection of high grade precursor lesions (CIN3 and CIN2), where other types have a greater role. While HPV16 retains its high predictive value in this context, HPV31 and especially HPV33 emerge as important types with higher positive predictive values (PPVs) than HPV18. Additionally full typing indicates that types 39, 56, 59 and 68 have much lower PPVs than types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52 and 58 and they should be considered as 'intermediate risk' types, whereas type 66 should not be treated as having an increased risk. Available data are summarized to support this view.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Early Detection of Cancer; Female; Genotype; Genotyping Techniques; Humans; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Young Adult
PubMed: 29074170
DOI: 10.1016/j.pvr.2016.05.004