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BMC Cancer Dec 2014Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for the development of cervical carcinoma. By contrast, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of other malignancies,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for the development of cervical carcinoma. By contrast, the role of HPV in the pathogenesis of other malignancies, such as head and neck cancers, is less well characterised. This study aimed to address key information gaps by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of HPV infection in head and neck cancers, focusing on data for European populations.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase and grey literature sources were systematically searched for primary studies that were published in English between July 2002 and July 2012, and which reported on the prevalence of HPV infection in head and neck cancers in European populations. Studies on non-European populations, those not published in English, and those assessing patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus were excluded. Eligible studies were combined in a meta-analysis. In addition, the potential statistical association between the head and neck cancers and certain HPV types was investigated.
RESULTS
Thirty-nine publications met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of HPV of any type in 3,649 patients with head and neck cancers was 40.0% (95% confidence interval, 34.6% to 45.5%), and was highest in tonsillar cancer (66.4%) and lowest in pharyngeal (15.3%) and tongue (25.7%) cancers. There were no statistically significant associations between the HPV types analysed and the geographical setting, type of sample analysed or type of primer used to analyse samples in head and neck cancers.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of HPV infection in European patients with head and neck cancers is high but varies between the different anatomical sites of these malignancies. There appears to be no association between HPV type and geographical setting, type of samples analysed or type of primer used to analyse samples in such cancers.
Topics: Europe; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; White People
PubMed: 25515630
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-968 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2024Cervical cancer accounts for a high number of deaths worldwide. Risk factors are extensive for cervix cancer but Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a prime role in its... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cervical cancer accounts for a high number of deaths worldwide. Risk factors are extensive for cervix cancer but Human papillomavirus (HPV) plays a prime role in its development. Different strains of HPV are prevalent globally, which show different grades of mortality and morbidity among women. This study is planned to evaluate the molecular mechanism of different strains of HPV infection and progression leading to cervix cancer.
METHODS
This review includes different research articles on cervix cancer progression reported from India and all over the world.
RESULTS
HPV 16 and 18 are prevalent strains using heparan sulfate-independent and dependent pathways for viral replication inside the cell. It also uses transcription mechanisms through NF-kappa B, FOXA-1, and AP-1 genes while strains like HPV-35, 45, and 52 are also predominant in India, which showed a very slow mechanism of progression due to which mortality rate is low after their infection with these strains.
CONCLUSION
HPV uses E6 and E7 proteins which activate NF-kappa B and AP-1 pathway which suppresses the tumor suppressor gene and activates cytokine production, causing inflammation and leading to a decrease in apoptosis due to Caspase-3 activation. In contrast, the E7 protein involves HOXA genes and decreases apoptotic factors due to which mortality and incidence rates are low in viruses that use E7 motifs. Some HPV strains employ the cap-dependent pathway, which is also associated with lower mortality and infection rates.
Topics: Female; Humans; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; Papillomavirus Infections; Oncogene Proteins, Viral; NF-kappa B; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins; Transcription Factor AP-1; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 38036109
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106465 -
Cancer Nov 2017
Topics: Head and Neck Neoplasms; Human papillomavirus 16; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae
PubMed: 28950413
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30970 -
Journal of Medical Virology Jan 2024Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to HPV-related cancer in men, including the anus, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers and precancerous lesions. This study retrospectively investigated HPV prevalence and genotype distribution in Liaocheng men between 2016 and 2022. The total HPV positive rate was 64.87% (2388/3681, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.32%-66.40%), where high risk (HR)-HPV and low risk (LR)-HPV accounted for 42.49% (1564/3681, 95% CI: 40.90%-44.09%) and 69.71% (2566/3681, 95% CI: 68.20%-71.17%), respectively. The mixed HPV infection rate of two and more genotypes was 35.72%. The infection rate of HR-HPV increased with the number of positive cases annually from 2016 (16.91%) to 2022 (46.59%). The most common HR-HPV genotypes were HPV16 (11.60%), HPV52 (6.95%), and HPV59 (6.28%), whereas the least common HR-HPV was HPV26. The most common LR-HPV genotypes were HPV6 (56.99%), HPV11 (23.79%), and HPV43 (6.37%). The 9 v HPV vaccine preventable for LR-HPV and HR-HPV accounted for 80.78% and 30.40%, respectively, in this study. Most HPV-positive patients aged 1-86 were in the 30-39 age group. This study confirmed that HPV prevalence in Liaocheng men was common and diverse. HPV16, HPV52, and HPV59 are widely distributed in Liaocheng men, and the male HR-HPV infection rate remained high in this region. Regarding public health and cancer prevention, it is recommended and effective to include the HPV vaccination in the national vaccination program for men.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Adult; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Human papillomavirus 18; Papillomaviridae; Human papillomavirus 16; Genotype
PubMed: 38178597
DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29360 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Sep 2015Papillomaviruses (PV) are a remarkably heterogeneous family of small DNA viruses that infect a wide variety of vertebrate species and are aetiologically linked with the... (Review)
Review
Papillomaviruses (PV) are a remarkably heterogeneous family of small DNA viruses that infect a wide variety of vertebrate species and are aetiologically linked with the development of various neoplastic changes of the skin and mucosal epithelia. Based on nucleotide similarity, PVs are hierarchically classified into genera, species and types. Novel human PV (HPV) types are given a unique number only after the whole genome has been cloned and deposited with the International HPV Reference Center. As of 9 March 2015, 200 different HPV types, belonging to 49 species, had been recognized by the International HPV Reference Center. In addition, 131 animal PV types identified from 66 different animal species exist. Recent advances in molecular techniques have resulted in an explosive increase in the identification of novel HPV types and novel subgenomic HPV sequences in the last few years. Among PV genera, the γ-PV genus has been growing most rapidly in recent years with 80 completely sequenced HPV types, followed by α-PV and β-PV genera that have 65 and 51 recognized HPV types, respectively. We reviewed in detail the contemporary molecular methods most often used for identification and characterization of novel PV types, including PCR, rolling circle amplification and next-generation sequencing. Furthermore, we present a short overview of 12 and 10 novel HPV types recently identified in Sweden and Slovenia, respectively. Finally, an update on the International Human Papillomavirus Reference Center is provided.
Topics: Animals; Genome, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Slovenia; Sweden
PubMed: 26003284
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.05.011 -
International Journal of Dermatology Jan 2023Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains to be one of the most common viruses that afflicts the skin and mucosa. Direct contact with cutaneous lesions facilitates a majority... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains to be one of the most common viruses that afflicts the skin and mucosa. Direct contact with cutaneous lesions facilitates a majority of viral transmission. However, the development of laser therapy as treatment for HPV brought to attention the concern of infectious laser plume and the risk it poses to those inhaling it. We conducted a literature review using English articles in PubMed to validate this risk and propose the best safety practices dermatologists can apply when using laser therapy as treatment for HPV. Our investigation identified smoke evacuators as primary modes of mitigation, and we suggest further studies will aid in the refinement of best practice recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Human Papillomavirus Viruses; DNA, Viral; Lasers
PubMed: 34636418
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.15936 -
Head & Neck Aug 2020Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a well-known cause and prognostic indicator, and the utility of p16 as a surrogate marker...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a well-known cause and prognostic indicator, and the utility of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV status has been established. P16 and its relationship with HPV have not been defined in sinonasal malignancy nor has a link with outcomes been established. Patients with sinonasal SCC from 2011 to 2017 were identified from our pathology database. P16 immunohistochemistry and HPV RNA in situ hybridization were performed on tissue specimens. Forty-seven patients were included. Disease-free survival for p16+ patients was significantly higher than p16- patients (P = .043). Fewer HPV+ patients died (P = .052) or experienced recurrence (P = .0437). Odds ratio between p16 and HPV status was 14.19 (95% CI: 1.72, 442.03). Our findings demonstrate improved survival in both the p16+ and HPV+ groups and a positive association between p16 and HPV. There may be similar potential for modifying classification for HPV+ sinonasal SCC.
Topics: Alphapapillomavirus; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections
PubMed: 32149447
DOI: 10.1002/hed.26134 -
Viruses Jul 2015Papillomaviruses have evolved over many millions of years to propagate themselves at specific epithelial niches in a range of different host species. This has led to the... (Review)
Review
Papillomaviruses have evolved over many millions of years to propagate themselves at specific epithelial niches in a range of different host species. This has led to the great diversity of papillomaviruses that now exist, and to the appearance of distinct strategies for epithelial persistence. Many papillomaviruses minimise the risk of immune clearance by causing chronic asymptomatic infections, accompanied by long-term virion-production with only limited viral gene expression. Such lesions are typical of those caused by Beta HPV types in the general population, with viral activity being suppressed by host immunity. A second strategy requires the evolution of sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms, and allows some HPV types to cause prominent and persistent papillomas, even in immune competent individuals. Some Alphapapillomavirus types have evolved this strategy, including those that cause genital warts in young adults or common warts in children. These strategies reflect broad differences in virus protein function as well as differences in patterns of viral gene expression, with genotype-specific associations underlying the recent introduction of DNA testing, and also the introduction of vaccines to protect against cervical cancer. Interestingly, it appears that cellular environment and the site of infection affect viral pathogenicity by modulating viral gene expression. With the high-risk HPV gene products, changes in E6 and E7 expression are thought to account for the development of neoplasias at the endocervix, the anal and cervical transformation zones, and the tonsilar crypts and other oropharyngeal sites. A detailed analysis of site-specific patterns of gene expression and gene function is now prompted.
Topics: Animals; Epithelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral; Humans; Neoplasms; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Viral Proteins; Viral Tropism
PubMed: 26193301
DOI: 10.3390/v7072802 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Jul 2015Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant etiological factor and an important prognosticator in cervical cancer. Indeed, researchers worldwide have confirmed... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a significant etiological factor and an important prognosticator in cervical cancer. Indeed, researchers worldwide have confirmed these roles for high-risk HVPs in over 70% of cervical cancer cases. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 561,200 new cancer cases (5.2% of all new cancers) are attributed to HPV infection. Over 120 types of HPV are classified further as either low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) or high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) based on their oncological potential of transforming cells. The LR-HPV types cause benign hyperproliferative lesions (i.e. genital warts) while the HR-HPV types are strongly associated with premalignant and malignant cervical lesions. Data on the prevalence of HPV, survival of infected patients, and mortality rate are scarce in Saudi Arabia. The unsubstantiated assumption of a low prevalence of HPV in Saudi Arabia has contributed to limiting HPV research in this conservative country. Therefore, the goal of this review is to shed light on the current HPV research being conducted and the prevalence of HPV in Saudi Arabia.
Topics: Female; Genotype; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia; Survival Analysis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 26142665
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6538 -
The Journal of General Virology Apr 2017Subclinical oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that persists for decades is likely to precede an HPV-driven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but... (Review)
Review
Subclinical oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infection that persists for decades is likely to precede an HPV-driven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, but little is known about the natural history of oral HPV. We systematically reviewed and abstracted data from nine manuscripts that examined human immunodeficiency virus-negative and cancer-free subjects for oral HPV DNA to determine the pooled baseline prevalence and incidence of newly acquired oral HPV infections, and specifically for HPV-16. We also documented the clearance rate and the median time to clearance, where data existed. Of 3762 individuals, 7.5 % had an oral infection with any HPV type (1.6 % for HPV-16). Meta-regression analysis estimated the 12-month cumulative incidence to be 4.8 % (95 % confidence interval 3.2-7.3 %). The overall oral HPV clearance was reported to be 0-80 % between studies, and the median time to clearance from 6.5 to 18 months. Oral HPV-16 clearance was 43-83 %, and median time to clearance for HPV-16 was 7-22 months. Oral HPV prevalence, incidence and clearance vary considerably between published studies from different geographical regions. Further research is required to identify predictors of persistent oral HPV infection. Measurable baseline prevalence was observed in all studies, as well as non-trivial incidence of newly acquired oral HPV infections and incomplete clearance.
Topics: DNA, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Incidence; Mouth Diseases; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence
PubMed: 28150575
DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000727