-
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology :... Aug 2022Women are more prone to cardiac arrhythmias. Increased exposure to sex hormones may alter the ventricular repolarisation of the heart as the parity number increases. In...
Women are more prone to cardiac arrhythmias. Increased exposure to sex hormones may alter the ventricular repolarisation of the heart as the parity number increases. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of parity number to electrocardiographic parameters. A total of 205 adult women were included for the study. Nulliparous (NP), primiparous (PP), multiparous (MP), grand multiparous (GMP) and great grand multiparous (GGMP) women constituted the study population. Increased parity has positive correlation with QTc interval (=.000, = 0.303). GGMP has significantly higher QTc compared to NP, PP, MP and GMP (=.001, =.000, =.004 and =.007, respectively). GGMP and parity have explanatory power on QTc (=.019 and =.020, respectively). Parity and GGMP affect cardiac repolarisation and prolong the QTc interval most probably due to repeated exposure to sex hormones. This study showed that GGMP and parity are independent risk factors for QTc interval prolongation.Impact Statement Increased exposure to sex hormones may alter the ventricular repolarisation of the heart as the parity number increases. Previous studies showed that increased parity (up to 7) deteriorates ventricular diastolic functions, prolongs QTc interval and these conditions cause cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we added great grand multiparity (10 or more parity) (GGMP) group that have never been studied before. We found that GGMP has much more impact on QTc prolongation than fewer parity groups and this result shows us that GGMP deteriorates ventricular functions more. These results show us that women should be discouraged from having more delivery. Also, women with a pregnancy history of five and more (grand multiparity) should be evaluated with an electrocardiography and a cardiology consultation should be performed before re-conception. In the future, larger prospective studies are needed on this subject. In addition, other electrocardiographic parameters (QRS-T angle and Tpe/QTc in electrocardiography, etc.) that related with diastolic functions should be evaluated for comparison of GGMP and non-GGMP populations in future studies.
Topics: Adult; Diastole; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Parity; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35257628
DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2022.2036962 -
Psychoneuroendocrinology Nov 2018Compared to women who have given birth before (i.e., multiparas), those giving birth for the first time (i.e., primiparas) show higher cortisol levels. Psychological...
INTRODUCTION
Compared to women who have given birth before (i.e., multiparas), those giving birth for the first time (i.e., primiparas) show higher cortisol levels. Psychological factors may play a role; hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal activation is a well-described stress response. Primiparity also predicts greater risk for postpartum depression, which may be related to greater correspondence between cortisol and mood following prenatal cortisol elevations. The current study examined associations among parity, perinatal cortisol adaptation, pregnancy-specific distress, and postpartum mood.
METHODS
This longitudinal study assayed serum cortisol levels among 137 women at early, mid-, and late pregnancy and postpartum. Pregnancy-specific distress and depressive symptoms were assessed. Maternal age, race, body mass index, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and sampling time of day were statistically controlled.
RESULTS
Primiparous women showed higher cortisol levels than multiparous women during mid- (χ = 11.8, p < 0.01) and late pregnancy (χ = 18.9, p < 0.01) and higher distress across pregnancy (F = 22.1, p < 0.01). Mediation analyses demonstrated that the association between parity and prenatal cortisol (per area under the curve; AUC) was partially accounted for by distress (ab = 1.0, 95%CI [0.05, 2.9]). Prenatal cortisol (per AUC) did not predict postpartum depressive symptoms (b* = 0.03, p = 0.81), with no difference by parity (b* = 0.03, p = 0.91). At postpartum, a significant interaction between parity and cortisol (b* = 0.40, p = 0.03) revealed no significant association between cortisol and mood among multiparas (b* = -0.11, p = 0.28) but a trend toward a positive association among primiparas (b* = 0.24, p = 0.06).
DISCUSSION
Cortisol levels and pregnancy-specific distress are higher in primiparas versus multiparas, with pregnancy-specific distress partially mediating the association between parity and cortisol levels. Cortisol levels and mood display correspondence at postpartum in primiparous but not multiparous women. While observational studies must be interpreted with caution due to potential unmeasured confounders, these findings suggest that future studies examining mechanisms underlying perinatal and postpartum hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal perturbations and designing interventions aimed at preventing related complications should carefully consider potential differences by parity.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Age Factors; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Age; Parity; Parturition; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30015009
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.008 -
Population Studies Mar 2023This study aims to present an alternative measure of fertility-cross-sectional average length of life by parity (CALP)-which: (1) is a period fertility indicator using...
This study aims to present an alternative measure of fertility-cross-sectional average length of life by parity (CALP)-which: (1) is a period fertility indicator using all available cohort information; (2) captures the dynamics of parity transitions; and (3) links information on fertility quantum and timing together as part of a single phenomenon. Using data from the Human Fertility Database, we calculate CALP for 12 countries in the Global North. Our results show that women spend the longest time at parity zero on average, and in countries where women spend comparatively longer time at parity zero, they spend fewer years at parities one and two. The analysis is extended by decomposing the differences in CALPs between Sweden and the United States, revealing age- and cohort-specific contributions to population-level differences in parity-specific fertility patterns. The decomposition illustrates how high teenage fertility in the United States dominates the differences between these two countries in the time spent at different parities.
Topics: Pregnancy; Adolescent; Female; United States; Humans; Parity; Population Dynamics; Birth Rate; Longevity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developing Countries; Fertility
PubMed: 35412443
DOI: 10.1080/00324728.2022.2049857 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2020One post-partum behaviour that may be protective against post-partum weight retention and long-term weight gain among women of reproductive age is lactation because of...
One post-partum behaviour that may be protective against post-partum weight retention and long-term weight gain among women of reproductive age is lactation because of its potential role in resetting maternal metabolism after pregnancy. However, most of the evidence focuses on weight retention at 6, 12, or 24 months post-partum, and data beyond 2 years after birth are sparse, and findings are inconclusive. Therefore, our aim was to assess the association of parity and mean duration of lactation per child with long-term weight change in Mexican women. We assessed the association of parity and mean duration of lactation per child with long-term weight change in 75,421 women from the Mexican Teachers' Cohort. Several multivariable regression models were fit to assess these associations. We also examined the non-linear association between duration of lactation and weight change using restricted cubic splines. We found that parous women (≥4 children) gained 2.81 kg more (95% CI [2.52, 3.10]) than did nulliparous women. The association between mean duration of lactation per child and weight change appeared to be non-linear. Women who breastfed on average 3-6 months per child had lower gain weight (-1.10, 95% CI [-1.58, -0.47 kg]) than had women who did not breastfeed. This association was linear up to 6 months of lactation per child. Our findings suggest that parity alters weight-gain trajectory in women and that lactation could reduce this alteration. These findings are important in the prevention of excessive weight gain through reproductive years and their future health implications.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactation; Mexico; Middle Aged; Parity; Postpartum Period; Time Factors; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32207579
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12988 -
Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of... Dec 2017The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin No. 49 on Dystocia and Augmentation of Labor defines a prolonged second stage as more... (Review)
Review
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Practice Bulletin No. 49 on Dystocia and Augmentation of Labor defines a prolonged second stage as more than 2 hours without or 3 hours with epidural analgesia in nulliparous women, and 1 hour without, or 2 hours with epidural in multiparous women. This definition diagnoses 10% to 14% of nulliparous and 3% to 3.5% of multiparous women as having a prolonged second stage. Although current labor norms remained largely based on data established by Friedman in the 1950s, modern obstetric population and practice have evolved with time.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Dystocia; Female; Humans; Labor Stage, Second; Parity; Patient Care Management; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Time Factors
PubMed: 29078938
DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2017.08.009 -
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal... Nov 2022The crossbred dairy cattle (CDC) have been gaining popularity in the tropical countries for their increased milk yield within a short period of time because of...
The crossbred dairy cattle (CDC) have been gaining popularity in the tropical countries for their increased milk yield within a short period of time because of heterogenic additive gene action. Hence, we aimed to investigate whether genotype, parity, season and their interactions had any effect on average daily milk yield (ADMY) of the CDC in a dairy farm at Chattogram district, Bangladesh, for a period of 3 years from January 2016 to December 2019. Total 16,425 retrospective lactation records of 150 multiparous Sahiwal × Friesian (Sahiwal = 50%, HF = 50%), Local × Friesian (Local = 50%, HF = 50%) and Local × Friesian (Local = 25%, HF = 75%) CDC from the first to the third parities (50 for each parity) were collected from the farm records. The generalized linear model and principal component analysis identified substantial impacts of genotype, parity, season and their interactions on ADMY of the CDC. The herd level least squared ADMY was 11.22 ± 0.04 kg/days on a 305-days typical lactation period. The Sahiwal × Friesian CDC produced 7.2% and 5.5% more milk than the Local × Friesian and Local × Friesian respectively. The CDC produced maximum milk in the second parity, which was 7.8% and 0.34% more than the first and third parities. Similarly, the highest ADMY was recorded in the spring, which was 10.8%, 7.3% and 6.6% more than the fall, summer and winter respectively. It was concluded that the Sahiwal × Friesian crossbred produced maximum milk in the spring season at the second parity while other determinants remained constant. The changing patterns of milk yield in different genotype, parity and seasons provided scientific evidence for improving feeding strategy to optimize herd level milk yield of CDC in the commercial dairy farms under tropical perspective.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Animals; Milk; Parity; Seasons; Retrospective Studies; Lactation; Genotype
PubMed: 34870343
DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13666 -
Nature Reviews. Cancer Mar 2022
Topics: Cell Communication; Epithelial Cells; Female; Humans; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35110730
DOI: 10.1038/s41568-022-00449-2 -
Women and Birth : Journal of the... Feb 2022There are fifteen publicly-funded homebirth programs currently operating in Australia. Suitability for these programs is determined by a series of inclusion and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There are fifteen publicly-funded homebirth programs currently operating in Australia. Suitability for these programs is determined by a series of inclusion and exclusion criteria.
AIM
The aim of this scoping review is to identify common inclusion and exclusion criteria for publicly-funded homebirth programs and other related factors that affect access to these programs.
METHODS
A Google search was conducted for publicly-funded homebirth programs listed on the National Publicly-funded Homebirth Consortium website. Public websites, documents, and policies were analysed to identify inclusion and exclusion criteria for these programs.
FINDINGS
Eleven of the 15 publicly-funded homebirth programs mention the availability of homebirth on their health service website, with varying levels of information about the inclusion and exclusion criteria available. Two of the programs with no information on their health service website are covered by a state-wide guideline. Additional details were sought directly from programs and obtaining further information from some individual homebirth programs was challenging. Variation in inclusion and exclusion criteria exists between programs. Common areas of variation include restrictions relating to Body Mass Index, parity, age, English language ability, tests required during pregnancy, and gestation at booking to the homebirth program.
CONCLUSION
The inclusion and exclusion criteria for a publicly-funded homebirth program determines women's access to the program. Limited publicly available information regarding inclusion and exclusion criteria for many publicly-funded homebirth programs is likely to limit women's awareness of and access to these programs.
Topics: Australia; Female; Home Childbirth; Humans; Midwifery; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33541812
DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.01.009 -
Aging Dec 2019Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing parity is associated with risk of hypertension and diabetes in parous women. However, the relationship between the...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Epidemiological studies have shown that increasing parity is associated with risk of hypertension and diabetes in parous women. However, the relationship between the parity degree with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is still unknown.
RESULTS
Parous women with higher parity had increased age, body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, eGFR and education levels. Compared with women with one-child birth, those with more than two-child births had greater prevalence of increased urinary albumin excretion (odds ratios [ORs] 1.53, 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.03 - 2.28) and CKD (ORs 1.79, 95% CI, 1.24 - 2.58) after multiple adjustments. In dose-response analysis, a nonlinear relationship of parity degree with albuminuria and CKD was detected.
CONCLUSION
Parity is associated with higher prevalence of albuminuria and CKD in middle-aged and elderly Chinese women.
METHODS
We conducted a community-based study in 6,946 women to investigate the association of parity with albuminuria and CKD. Increased urinary albumin excretion was defined as albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) greater or equal than 30 mg/g. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m² or presence of albuminuria.
Topics: Aged; Albuminuria; Asian People; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 31790364
DOI: 10.18632/aging.102507 -
West African Journal of Medicine Oct 2022There are few and conflicting reports in the literature about the relationship between parity and maternal cardiac function. The study aimed to assess the impact of...
BACKGROUND
There are few and conflicting reports in the literature about the relationship between parity and maternal cardiac function. The study aimed to assess the impact of parity on cardiac structure and function in apparently healthy pregnant women in Nigeria.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 3 tertiary centers in Kano, and 1 in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. 112 apparently healthy pregnant women were consecutively recruited between the 28th and 38th weeks of gestation, and their cardiac structure and function assessed using echocardiography. Left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction was defined as LV ejection fraction of below 50%, and diastolic dysfunction was graded using mitral filling and tissue Doppler velocities.
RESULTS
LV systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction were found in 6 (5.4%) subjects and 20 (17.9%) subjects, respectively. Age (p= <0.0001), left atrial (LA) size (P<0.0001), interventricular septal thickness at end diastole (IVSD) (p= 0.005), posterior wall thickness at end diastole (PWTD) (p=0.004) and QRS duration (p= <0.0001) all increased progressively with higher parity, while tricuspid annular systolic excursion (p=0.320) decreased with higher parity. There was significant positive correlation between parity and age (r= 0.475, p= <0.0001), LA size (r=0.332, p= <0.0001), IVSD (r=0.264, p= 0.005) and PWTD (r= 0.343, p= <0.0001). LV systolic function was not significantly associated with parity.
CONCLUSION
Our findings suggested that parity was significantly associated with myocardial remodeling in apparently healthy pregnant women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Diastole; Nigeria; Parity; Pregnant Women; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
PubMed: 36260810
DOI: No ID Found