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Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 2020Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy in response to ingestion of gluten. CD was associated with gynecological disorders.
BACKGROUND
Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic enteropathy in response to ingestion of gluten. CD was associated with gynecological disorders.
OBJECTIVE
In this retrospective study, we aimed to investigate the age of menarche, age of menopause, number of pregnancies and abortions in Brazilian celiac patients.
METHODS
We studied 214 women diagnosed with CD and as control group 286 women were investigated.
RESULTS
Regarding the mean age of menarche, a significant difference was found (12.6±1.40 in CD and 12.8±1.22 years in healthy group; P=0.04). Regarding abortions, in CD women 38/214 (17.8%) and 28/286 (9.8%) in the control group reported abortion (P=0.0092, OR:1.98; CI95%=1.1- 3.3). There was no significant difference in the mean age of menopause nor number of pregnancies per woman.
CONCLUSION
In this study, we found that celiac women had a higher mean age of menarche and higher risk of spontaneous abortions.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Case-Control Studies; Celiac Disease; Female; Humans; Menarche; Menopause; Middle Aged; Parity; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 32294744
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-2803.202000000-18 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Sep 2023Nulliparity is associated with intra-uterine growth retardation and foal delayed catch-up growth. Older mares produce larger/taller foals than the precedents. Nursing at...
Nulliparity is associated with intra-uterine growth retardation and foal delayed catch-up growth. Older mares produce larger/taller foals than the precedents. Nursing at conception on foal growth had not been investigated yet. In any case, milk production conditions the foal's growth. This study aimed to determine effects of mare parity, age and nursing on subsequent lactation quantity and quality. Saddlebred mares and their foals (N = 43) run as a single herd over the same year were: young (6-7-year-old) primiparous, young multiparous, old (10-16-year-old) multiparous nursing at insemination time or old multiparous barren the previous year. No young nursing nor old multiparous mares were available. Colostrum was collected. Milk production and foal weight were monitored at 3-, 30-, 60-, 90- and 180-days postfoaling. The foal average daily weight gain (ADG) was calculated for each period between two measurements. Milk fatty acid (FA), sodium, potassium, total protein and lactose contents were determined. The primiparous versus multiparous colostrum was richer in immunoglobulin G, with lower production but greater FA contents in milk. The primiparous foals had a lower ADG for 3 to 30 days postpartum period. Old mares' colostrum contained more SFA and less polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) whereas their milk was richer in proteins and sodium and poorer in short-chain-SFA with a reduced PUFA/SFA ratio at 90 days. Nursing mares' colostrum was richer in MUFA and PUFA and late-lactation milk production was reduced. In conclusion, parity, age and nursing at conception affect mare's colostrum and milk production and foal growth and should be considered for broodmares' management.
Topics: Pregnancy; Horses; Animals; Female; Parity; Maternal Age; Weaning; Lactation; Postpartum Period; Fertilization
PubMed: 37329928
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104868 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jan 2023We conducted a retrospective meta-analysis based on individual cow data to assess the associations of parity, level of production, and pasture-based or intensively fed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
We conducted a retrospective meta-analysis based on individual cow data to assess the associations of parity, level of production, and pasture-based or intensively fed systems with fertility. Our goal was to provide understandings of the role of parity in risks for removal and reproductive failure. Multilevel models were used to evaluate the fixed effects of parity, milk, milk solids, milk fat and protein percentage and yield, and production system [intensively fed (n = 28,675) or predominantly pasture fed (n = 4,108)] on reproductive outcomes. The outcomes were the hazard of not being bred (HNBRED), hazard of pregnancy (HPREG), pregnancy to first breeding (PREG1), and odds of becoming pregnant in a lactation (OPAL). The 32,783 cows were in 13 studies conducted in Australia (14.6% of cows), Canada (2.4% of cows), and the United States (83.0% of cows). There were 38.5% of cows in the sample in parity 1, 27.3% in parity 2, 16.7% in parity 3, 9.0% in parity 4, and 8.6% in parity ≥5. Compared with cows of parity 1, parity ≥5 cows had a greater HNBRED [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.45], lesser HPREG (HR = 0.73), and reduced OPAL (odds ratio = 0.36). However, the parity ≥5 cows had similar PREG1 to other parities except for parity 1. This suggests the possibility of a higher proportion of subfertile parity ≥5 cows than for other parities. Associations between parity and reproductive measures were influenced by the different milk production measures, indicating that milk yield and milk component percentages and yields modified the odds or hazards of successful reproduction. All milk production measures had quadratic associations with OPAL, indicating that either low or high production or concentration of solids within a cohort reduced OPAL. This reduced OPAL reflected a greater HNBRED for lower milk yield and milk protein and fat yielding cows. Both milk yield and milk protein percentage had quadratic associations with HPREG. When centered milk yield was categorized into quartiles, small differences in HPREG existed. A more marked association of milk protein percentage occurred with HPREG, with optimal HPREG at approximately 0.5% above group mean milk protein percentage. Milk fat percentage (HR = 0.901), fat yield (kg/d; HR = 0.78), protein yield (kg/d; HR = 0.71), and milk solids yield (kg/d; HR = 0.84) were all linearly associated with reduced HPREG. Difference in production systems did not have substantive effects on PREG1 but did for HNBRED, HPREG, and OPAL. Estimates of associations of parity with reproductive outcomes HNBRED, HPREG, and OPAL were influenced by milk and milk solids yield; older cows had markedly lower reproductive outcomes. Interestingly, for PREG1, there were few differences among parities and differences were less influenced by milk yield and constituent measures. The marked associations of parity with removal for all reasons, deaths and culling, and reductions in HNBRED, HPREG, and OPAL indicate a need to focus on the physiological changes with parity to produce better strategies to support optimal longevity of cows.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Animals; Parity; Retrospective Studies; Reproduction; Lactation; Milk Proteins
PubMed: 36460503
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21672 -
Transplantation May 2021
Topics: Female; Humans; Parity; Pregnancy; Uterus
PubMed: 32541560
DOI: 10.1097/TP.0000000000003347 -
Human Reproduction (Oxford, England) Apr 2018Is telomere length related to parity among a nationally representative sample of US reproductive age women?
STUDY QUESTION
Is telomere length related to parity among a nationally representative sample of US reproductive age women?
SUMMARY ANSWER
History of live birth was associated with shorter telomere length.
WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
Shorter telomeres have been linked with a range of chronic health conditions and mortality and parity has been associated with health indicators. However, there is a lack of research on how parity relates to telomere length.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
This nationally representative, cross-sectional study included 1954 women from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002, the only survey period which includes measurement of telomere length.
PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS
Women aged 20-44 were included. Parity, defined as number of previous live births, was ascertained by questionnaire. Leukocyte telomere length was measured by polymerase chain reaction and reported as a ratio in relation to standard reference DNA (T/S ratio). The relationship between leukocyte T/S ratio and parity was examined using survey weighted linear regression. Models were adjusted for race/ethnicity, age, BMI, income-to-poverty ratio, education, early age at menarche and smoking status.
MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
Among reproductive age women in the US, the adjusted mean leukocyte T/S ratio was 4.2% (95% CI: 0.9, 7.3) shorter in parous compared with nulliparous women. Parity was associated with 116 fewer base pairs (95% CI: 26, 204) on average, using estimated coefficients from the adjusted linear regression models and mean covariate values.
LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION
This study was cross-sectional and therefore was unable to establish temporality. The dataset lacked information on social factors, stress and fertility status, which may help explain these findings. Only two previous studies have examined this question and our findings should be interpreted with caution.
WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
These findings in a nationally representative sample of US reproductive age women suggest that history of live birth may be associated with accelerated cellular aging. The magnitude of the observed association was greater than that of the impact of smoking or obesity on telomere length, suggesting that parity may have an independent influence on cellular aging and warrant further study.
STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
The study was funded in part by the Undergraduate Research Scholars Program at George Mason University. The authors have no conflicts of interest.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NA.
Topics: Adult; Cellular Senescence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Live Birth; Nutrition Surveys; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Telomere; Telomere Shortening; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 29452389
DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey024 -
Journal of Diabetes and Its... Jan 2017The goal of this study is to investigate the association between higher parity and the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women and to quantify the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
The goal of this study is to investigate the association between higher parity and the risk of occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in women and to quantify the potential dose-response relation.
METHODS
We searched MEDLINE, and EMBASE electronic databases for related cohort studies up to March 10th, 2016. Summary rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for T2DM with at least 3 categories of exposure were eligible. A random-effects dose-response analysis procedure was used to study the relations between them.
RESULTS
After screening a total of 13,647 published studies, only 7 cohort studies (9,394 incident cases and 286,840 female participants) were found to be eligible for this meta-analysis. In the category analysis, the pooled RR for the highest number of parity vs. the lowest one was 1.42 (95% CI: 1.17-1.72, I=71.5%, P=0.002, Power=0.99). In the dose-response analysis, a noticeable linear dose-risk relation was found between parity and T2DM (P=0.942). For every live birth increase in parity, the combined RR was 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02-1.09, I=84.3%, P=0.003, Power=0.99). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. No publication bias was found in the results.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis suggests that higher parity and the risk of T2DM show a linear relationship in women.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Reproductive History; Risk Factors
PubMed: 28340964
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.10.005 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Apr 2022Research about mare's milk is mainly focused on quality and information about quantity is incomplete partly due to the lack of a consensus on the method of measuring...
Research about mare's milk is mainly focused on quality and information about quantity is incomplete partly due to the lack of a consensus on the method of measuring milk yield. The live weight, body condition at foaling and age of mares are factors influencing milk yield. The influence of mare parity, however, remains unclear. Over a period of 2 years (2018-2019), milk yield was evaluated on 65 mares (51 multiparous and 13 primiparous). Mares and foals were kept in a group at pasture. One method of milk yield measurement and one proxy method were applied; milking and weight-suckle-weight (WSW), respectively. The procedure was performed at five timepoints during the lactation period (3-30-60-90 and 180 days) without repetition. The relevance of WSW was addressed by studying the correlation between the two methods on 23 individuals. Factors influencing milk yield, through milking data, were studied on 57 individuals. Data was divided into two subsets. The first was an explanatory matrix containing the live weight of mares 24 h after parturition, parity, age, year of lactation and foal gender. The second was a response matrix containing data from milking at the five timepoints of the lactation. A correlation was found (RV = 0.41) between milking and WSW at day 3, however no correlation was found for other timepoints (RV ≤ 0.15). The live weight of the mare 24 h after foaling, age and parity appeared to have a significant impact on milk production (P < 0.05). Thus, older or multiparous mares showed a higher milk yield than younger or primiparous mares. In addition, mares with a higher live weight after foaling produced more milk than those with a lower live weight. Overall, results can lead us to two main conclusions. First, the WSW method performed at five different timepoints of the lactation, but without repeated measurements, is not an efficient way to estimate the milk yield of mares. Secondly, results concerning the live weight and age of mares were in accordance with previous studies. The influence of parity was also highlighted, confirming trends showed by other authors. Age and parity are closely related in our population, making it difficult to differentially assess their effects. Being able to identify the impact of both factors independently would benefit several sectors of the horse industry from sport to mare milk producers.
Topics: Animals; Female; Horses; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35338904
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100498 -
Research in Veterinary Science Oct 2022This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperament and parity on milk production and metabolic responses of Holstein cows in a pasture-based automatic milking...
Metabolic profile and productivity of dairy Holstein cows milked by a pasture-based automatic milking system during early lactation: Effects of cow temperament and parity.
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of temperament and parity on milk production and metabolic responses of Holstein cows in a pasture-based automatic milking system. Thirty-five primiparous and 58 multiparous cows were classified as 'calm', 'intermediate' or 'reactive' in each of the temperament tests conducted: milking reactivity (MR), race time (RT), flight speed, and flight distance. The milk yield and milk composition, as well as the blood biochemistry, were measured during the first 10 weeks of lactation. Primiparous cows produced less milk than multiparous cows (24.0 ± 0.8 vs. 34.2 ± 0.6 L/d, respectively, P ˂ 0.0001), while the serum beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration differences according to parity were not detected. Multiparous cows that were classified as 'reactive' on MR and RT tests produced 3 kg/d more milk and had greater concentrations of milk components than 'calm' cows (P ≤ 0.05). There was no such relation in primiparous cows. Also, cows scored 'reactive' on RT showed greater milking frequency (2.50 ± 0.05 vs. 2.35 ± 0.04 milking/d; P = 0.01) and blood beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations (1.28 ± 0.09 vs. 0.92 ± 0.10 mmol/L; P = 0.04) than RT 'calm' cows. In conclusion, the cows' temperament was associated with milk production and metabolism, which depended on parity and the temperament tests used. Although productive performance was different between parities, lipomobilization was not.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Lactation; Metabolome; Milk; Parity; Pregnancy; Temperament
PubMed: 35453071
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.04.001 -
BMC Veterinary Research Sep 2021Metabolic profile evaluation is a tool widely used in ruminant nutrition as metabolic cues that relate nutrition to physiology. Metabolic and hormonal traits change...
BACKGROUND
Metabolic profile evaluation is a tool widely used in ruminant nutrition as metabolic cues that relate nutrition to physiology. Metabolic and hormonal traits change during pre-partum and lactation according to parity in dairy cows, but studies of beef cows under grazing are scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate how metabolic and hormonal traits change over time, their relationship to performance, and determine if these factors differ according to the parity order of grazing beef cows. Thirty-six pregnant Nellore cows (12 nulliparous, 12 primiparous, and 12 multiparous) were used. The study started at 60 d prepartum until 203 d of lactation.
RESULTS
The initial body weight (BW) and final BW were higher for multiparous cows (P > 0.05). An interaction occurred between parity and day (P < .0001) for body condition score. Nulliparous and primiparous body condition score were reduced from - 60 prepartum to 30 postpartum, then stabilized 60 postpartum (P < 0.05), while multiparous maintained body condition score from - 60 days until 60 days postpartum (P > 0.05). Calf BW, final BW, and average daily gain did not differ between parities (P > 0.05). Effect of day (P < 0.05) was detected for non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, VLDL, progesterone, and insulin. An interaction was observed between parity and days for glucose, HDL, β-hydroxybutyrate, creatinine and IGF-1 (P < 0.05). Parity affected serum urea nitrogen, total proteins, albumin, and globulins (P < 0.05). Parity and day relative to calving did not impact total T3 and T4 (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Hormonal and metabolic profile is strongly influenced by the stage of lactation. Time effects (pre-partum and lactation period) were more pronounced in nulliparous since they displayed more unbalanced metabolic and hormonal traits and lowered BCS pre- and postpartum.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Energy Metabolism; Female; Hormones; Lactation; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34563192
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03019-0 -
Animal : An International Journal of... Jun 2022Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to...
Dairy products are the major source of odd- and branched-chain fatty acids (OBCFAs), a group of nutrients with emerging health benefits. The animal diet is known to influence milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows; however, little is known about the effects of physiological factors. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of parity and lactation stage on OBCFAs in milk fat of dairy cows. Holstein dairy cows (n = 157) were selected according to parity (first, second, third, or greater) and days in milk (DIM) (≤21 DIM, 21 < DIM ≤ 100, 100 < DIM ≤ 200, >200 DIM). All cows were fed the same total mixed ration for three weeks. Milk samples were collected during the last three days of each lactation stage for fatty acid (FA) analyses via gas chromatography. Results showed that first- and second-parity cows displayed significantly higher proportions and yields of iso-14:0, iso-15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total branched-chain FA (P < 0.05) compared with other parities. The proportions of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were also greater in first-parity cows (P < 0.05), while the yields of C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were similar among different parities (P > 0.05). The proportions of total OBCFAs were greater in first- and second-parity cows (P < 0.05), whereas the highest yield was observed in second-parity cows. Lactation dairy cows in ≤ 21 DIM group displayed lower proportions of iso-13:0, anteiso-13:0, C13:0, iso-14:0, C15:0, iso-16:0, total iso-FA, and total OBCFAs compared with that of the other groups (P < 0.05), and also lower yields of iso-14:0 and iso-16:0 (P < 0.05). In contrast, C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 proportions and yields were higher in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM (P < 0.05). Iso-17:0 and anteiso-17:0 were not affected by lactation stage (P > 0.05). Taken together, our data showed that both parity and lactation stage have considerable effects on milk fat OBCFAs of dairy cows. In summary, first- and second-parity cows had higher milk OBCFAs compared with later parity cows, and OBCFAs with medium chain lengths were lower in dairy cows with ≤ 21 DIM, while C17:0 and C17:1 cis-9 were higher. These findings show that milk OBCFA contents are differentially modulated by physiological state. They will be useful in future studies that seek to alter OBCFA composition of Holstein dairy cow milk fats.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diet; Fatty Acids; Female; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35636331
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100545