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Theriogenology Sep 2022Prediction of impending foaling is highly desirable as early intervention may improve mare and foal outcomes. However, monitoring the peripartum mare is a time-consuming...
Prediction of impending foaling is highly desirable as early intervention may improve mare and foal outcomes. However, monitoring the peripartum mare is a time-consuming challenge for breeders and many foaling prediction systems have limitations. "Heating up" of the mare is empirically used by breeders as a sign of upcoming parturition in mares. The purpose of this study was to investigate if an increase in skin temperature shortly before parturition is detectable and to determine whether such physiological changes could be an additional valuable parameter to predict foaling. For that, 56 foalings of 14 Warmblood mares, 5 Arabian mares, 27 Thoroughbred mares, and 2 mares of other breeds were analyzed in this 2-year-study. Eight mares were monitored in both years. Mares were between 4 and 22 years old (average: 10 ± 5.5 years) and the mean pregnancy length was 342 days (±9 days), resulting in 14 births from primiparous mares and 42 multiparous mares. For monitoring the periparturient mares, the Piavet® system (Piavita AG, Zurich, Switzerland) was fixed daily when the mares had returned from the field between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. and collected the next morning between 6:30 and 7:30 a.m. until the time of foaling. Nocturnal rhythms of the skin temperature with the highest values at the start of measurements and a nadir at 6:00 a.m. were observed. On the foaling night, we found a rise in skin temperature starting on average around 90 min prepartum. Skin temperatures recorded at 50 min before parturition and at each 5 min time point until rupture of the allantochorion were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the mean temperatures measured in the 5 nights before parturition at the same time, reaching a difference of approximately 0.5 °C. There was a significant effect of parity (p = 0.04) on skin temperature during the last hours before foaling where primiparous mares showed a higher mean temperature than uni- or pluriparous mares as early as from 180 min on before parturition. In conclusion, our study shows an increase in skin temperature in most mares within 90 min before birth. Using new biomechanical and digital technologies, this finding could generate an additional potential parameter for the detection of impending parturition. However, skin temperature cannot be used as the only predictive diagnostic of impending parturition in the absence of other parameters.
Topics: Animals; Female; Horses; Monitoring, Physiologic; Parity; Parturition; Peripartum Period; Pregnancy; Skin Temperature
PubMed: 35932522
DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.07.007 -
Modern Rheumatology Jul 2021To clarify the correlation between preeclampsia and parity and to identify protective factors against preeclampsia in multiparous women with systemic lupus erythematosus...
OBJECTIVES
To clarify the correlation between preeclampsia and parity and to identify protective factors against preeclampsia in multiparous women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
METHODS
We conducted a single-center, retrospective chart review study of 85 pregnant women. We used multiple logistic regression analysis to assess the association between parity and preeclampsia in women with SLE, and described the detailed clinical courses and management of four women with a history of severe preeclampsia and of a woman who experienced preeclampsia during her latest pregnancy.
RESULTS
Multiparity was significantly associated with a low risk of preeclampsia (adjusted odds ratio: 0.08; 95% confidence interval: 0.01-0.95). One multiparous woman without a history of preeclampsia developed preeclampsia during her latest pregnancy; she had critical risk factors for preeclampsia, including chronic kidney disease and hypertension, and was not administered aspirin. In contrast, four multiparous women with a history of severe preeclampsia received adequate medications; they did not develop recurrent preeclampsia and delivered live newborns.
CONCLUSIONS
Multiparity and maintenance therapy for SLE before and during pregnancy and preventive treatment for preeclampsia may improve outcomes in subsequent pregnancies.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Odds Ratio; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32990121
DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2020.1830466 -
Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... Nov 2018This study estimated the effect of Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, Jersey, Simmental and Alpine Grey cattle breeds on milk mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Na) in...
This study estimated the effect of Holstein-Friesian, Brown Swiss, Jersey, Simmental and Alpine Grey cattle breeds on milk mineral contents (Ca, Mg, P, K, and Na) in multibreed herds using data predicted with mid-infrared spectroscopy. The dataset included 139,821 observations from 16,566 cows and 977 herds. Fixed effects considered in the mixed model were breed, parity, stage of lactation and first-order interactions, and random effects were cow, herd-test-date, and the residual. Multiple comparisons of least squares means were performed for the main effect of breed, parity, and stage of lactation using Bonferroni adjustment. Holstein-Friesian yielded milk with the lowest fat, protein, and casein concentration, and Ca, Mg, and P contents, whereas Jersey cows produced milk with the greatest fat, protein, and casein concentration, and Ca and Mg contents. Results of this study suggest that mixing milk from different breeds could enhance milk composition and technological ability, and therefore contribute to improve dairy industry efficiency.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Calcium; Caseins; Cattle; Dairying; Fats; Female; Lactation; Magnesium; Milk; Milk Proteins; Minerals; Parity; Phosphorus; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
PubMed: 30221430
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13095 -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2022This observational study described first-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields, and evaluated its associations with cow serum mineral concentrations,...
First-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and yields: Comparison to second milking and associations with serum mineral concentrations, parity, and yield in multiparous Jersey cows.
This observational study described first-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields, and evaluated its associations with cow serum mineral concentrations, parity, and first postpartum milking yield in 100 multiparous Jersey cows from a single herd fed a negative dietary cation-anion difference diet prepartum. Additionally, first- and second-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields were compared in a subset of 65 cows. Serum minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Fe, Cu) were assessed before first milking. Cows were milked at 9 h and 4 min ± 3 h and 32 min and at 21 h and 11 min ± 3 h and 43 min postpartum (± standard deviation); yields were recorded and samples collected for mineral concentrations assessment (Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Fe, Cu). Linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between first-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields and cows' serum mineral concentrations, parity, first-milking colostrum yield, and calving-to-milking interval. The most abundant minerals in first-milking colostrum were (least squares mean ± standard error of the mean) Ca (55.71 ± 13.52 mmol/L; 8.75 ± 5.74 g) and P (41.91 ± 13.01 mmol/L; 5.26 ± 3.72 g), followed by Na (39.65 ± 13.23 mmol/L; 3.08 ± 1.77 g), K (36.47 ± 7.57 mmol/L; 5.79 ± 4.20 g), Mg (13.43 ± 3.09 mmol/L; 1.25 ± 0.78 g), Zn (272.12 ± 113.34 μmol/L; 71.98 ± 55.34 mg), Fe (12.51 ± 3.79 μmol/L; 2.56 ± 1.55 mg), and Cu (3.34 ± 1.22 μmol/L; 0.77 ± 0.56 mg). Higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, and Cu, and total yields of Mg, Zn, Fe, and Cu were observed at first- compared with second-milking colostrum. Serum and first-milking colostrum Cu concentrations were positively associated, but no significant associations were observed between other minerals' serum and first-milking colostrum concentrations or total yields. Parity was associated with first-milking colostrum Ca, P, K, and Fe concentrations and yields; younger multiparous cows had higher concentrations and total yields of these minerals. Linear (Fe), quadratic (P, Na, and K), and cubic (Mg, Zn, and Cu) associations were observed between first-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and yield. In all cases, mineral total yields were linearly associated with first-milking colostrum yield. In conclusion, variation in first-milking colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields across cows could be partially explained by cow parity and colostrum yield. Further research including primiparous and cows under different management settings is needed to expand the knowledge and understanding of colostrum mineral concentrations and total yields in dairy cows.
Topics: Animals; Colostrum; Female; Lactation; Milk; Minerals; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34998566
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21069 -
PloS One 2016Although rates have declined, hysterectomy is still a frequent gynaecological procedure. To date, there has been no systematic quantification of the relationships... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Although rates have declined, hysterectomy is still a frequent gynaecological procedure. To date, there has been no systematic quantification of the relationships between early/mid-life exposures and hysterectomy. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to quantify the associations between age at menarche, education level, parity and hysterectomy.
METHODS
Eligible studies were identified by searches in PubMed and Embase through March 2015. Study-specific estimates were summarised using random effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored using sub-group analysis and meta-regression.
RESULTS
Thirty-two study populations were identified for inclusion in at least one meta-analysis. Each year older at menarche was associated with lower risk of hysterectomy-summary hazard ratio 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.78, 0.95; I2 = 0%); summary odds ratio 0.88 (95% confidence interval: 0.82, 0.94; I2 = 61%). Low education levels conferred a higher risk of hysterectomy in the lowest versus highest level meta-analysis (summary hazard ratio 1.87 (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 2.80; I2 = 86%), summary odds ratio 1.51 (95% confidence interval: 1.35, 1.69; I2 = 90%)) and dose-response meta-analysis (summary odds ratio 1.17 (95% confidence interval: 1.12, 1.23; I2 = 85%) per each level lower of education). Sub-group analysis showed that the birth cohort category of study participants, the reference category used for level of education, the year the included article was published, quality of the study (as assessed by the authors) and control for the key variables accounted for the high heterogeneity between studies in the education level meta-analyses. In the meta-analyses of studies of parity and hysterectomy the results were not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analyses suggest that the early life factors of age at menarche and lower education level are associated with hysterectomy, although this evidence should be interpreted with some caution due to variance across the included studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Menarche; Middle Aged; Parity; Risk Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 26963512
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151398 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2021Our objective was to evaluate the association between days in the prepartum group (DPG) with performance and survival in Holstein cows. Data from 18,657 Holstein...
Our objective was to evaluate the association between days in the prepartum group (DPG) with performance and survival in Holstein cows. Data from 18,657 Holstein cow-lactations (6,993 nulliparous and 9,390 parous prepartum) were collected. Cows with a gestation length shorter than 256 d (n = 267) or longer than 296 d (n = 131) and cows that spent 0 DPG (n = 238) were removed, resulting in 18,021 cow-lactations. Data were collected for the first 300 d postpartum, and responses included milk yield, incidence of diseases by 90 d postpartum, reproduction, and survival. Days in the prepartum group were analyzed as a continuous variable, and regression coefficients were used to estimate the responses when cows spent 7, 28, or 42 DPG, representing cows with a short, moderate, or an extended time in the prepartum group, respectively. An interaction between DPG as a quadratic covariate and parity-diet was observed for milk yield by 300 d postpartum. Means were 9,331; 9,665; and 9,261 kg for 7, 28, or 42 DPG, respectively, in nulliparous cows, and 9,886; 10,939; and 10,117 kg for 7, 28, or 42 DPG, respectively, in parous cows. Also, the interaction between DPG and parity-diet affected retained placenta, metritis, mastitis, and morbidity. Morbidity affected 49.5, 52.9, and 59.5% of nulliparous and 49.7, 26.5, and 47.4% of parous cows that spent 7, 28, or 42 DPG, respectively. A linear association between DPG and pregnancy at first artificial insemination was observed with estimates of 37.0, 32.6, and 29.8% for 7, 28, and 42 DPG, respectively. On the other hand, a quadratic association was observed between DPG and the proportion of pregnant cows at 300 d postpartum, and estimates for 7, 28, and 42 DPG were, respectively, 71.7, 73.5, and 58.8%. A quadratic relationship was also observed for DPG and removal from the herd by 300 d postpartum, and estimates were 25.2, 22.9, and 34.4% for 7, 28, or 42 DPG, respectively. Associations between DPG with production, health, reproduction, and survival were detected, and they varied with parity-diet group. For several responses evaluated, a quadratic association was observed, which suggested that there was an optimal period for cows to spend in the prepartum group, and reduced or extended number of days were detrimental to performance.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Diet; Female; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33663839
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18889 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Aug 2023Heat stress (HS) negatively influences cows' welfare and productivity. Therefore, a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HS responses... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Differential Responses of Physiological Parameters, Production Traits, and Blood Metabolic Profiling between First- and Second-Parity Holstein Cows in the Comparison of Spring versus Summer Seasons.
Heat stress (HS) negatively influences cows' welfare and productivity. Therefore, a better understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms of HS responses from multiple parities is paramount for the development of effective management and breeding strategies. In comparison with first-parity cows in the spring (Spring-1), first-parity cows in the summer (Summer-1) had a significantly higher rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR), drooling score (DS), and daily activity (DA), while lower ( < 0.05) daily rumination (DR), seven-day average milk yield (7AMY), milk yield on sampling day (MY_S), milk yield on test day (MY_T), and lactose percentage (LP) were observed. When comparing the spring (Spring-2) and summer (Summer-2) of the second-parity cows, significant differences were also found in RT, RR, DS, DA, and DR ( < 0.05), corresponding to similar trends with the first parity while having smaller changes. Moreover, significantly negative impacts on performance traits were only observed on fat percentage (FP) and LP. These results showed that there were different biological responses between first- and second-parity Holstein cows. Further, 18 and 17 metabolites were involved in the seasonal response of first- and second-parity cows, respectively. Nine differential metabolites were shared between the two parities, and pathway analyses suggested that cows had an inhibited tricarboxylic acid cycle, increased utilization of lipolysis, and a dysregulated gut microbiome during the summer. The metabolites identified exclusively for each parity highlighted the differences in microbial response and host amino acid metabolism between two parities in response to HS. Moreover, glucose, ethanol, and citrate were identified as potential biomarkers for distinguishing individuals between Spring-1 and Summer-1. Ethanol and acetone were better predictors for distinguishing individuals between Spring-2 and Summer-2. Taken together, the present study demonstrated the impact of naturally induced HS on physiological parameters, production traits, and the blood metabolome of Holstein cows. There are different biological responses and regulation mechanisms between first- and second-parity Holstein cows.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Pregnancy; Heat-Shock Response; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Seasons
PubMed: 37490609
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00043 -
The Journal of Reproduction and... Dec 2018Ovarian reserve in cattle can be predicted by an indicator, the antral follicle count (AFC), which is easily determined via ovarian ultrasonography. However, the...
Ovarian reserve in cattle can be predicted by an indicator, the antral follicle count (AFC), which is easily determined via ovarian ultrasonography. However, the repeatability of AFC measurements in the same individual taken approximately 1 year apart after first parity remains unclear. This study, thus, aimed to clarify the between-lactation repeatability of AFC after first parity in dairy cows. We measured the AFC of the same individual cows consecutively across both first and second parity, both second and third parity, and both third and fourth parity in 31, 37, and 26 heads, respectively. The values of the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the AFCs in first-second and second-third parity cows were more than 0.8, and the value of the ICC for the AFCs in third-fourth parity cows was significantly lower than that in first-second parity cows (P = 0.01). Subsequently, based on the average number of AFCs measured at some points from first to third parity, we classified the cows into three tertiles: <11 (low), 11-15 (intermediate), and ≥ 15 (high). We then compared the reproductive performance of the first through third parity cows among the groups. The hazards of pregnancy by 200 days postpartum were higher in the high group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that between-lactation repeatability of AFC from first through third parity in dairy cows is very high, and that cows with an AFC of ≥ 15 have a better reproductive performance than cows with a low AFC.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Female; Fertility; Ovarian Follicle; Ovarian Reserve; Parity; Reproduction
PubMed: 30298823
DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-062 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2020Understanding factors contributing to variation in 'biological age' is essential to understanding variation in susceptibility to disease and functional decline. One...
Understanding factors contributing to variation in 'biological age' is essential to understanding variation in susceptibility to disease and functional decline. One factor that could accelerate biological aging in women is reproduction. Pregnancy is characterized by extensive, energetically-costly changes across numerous physiological systems. These 'costs of reproduction' may accumulate with each pregnancy, accelerating biological aging. Despite evidence for costs of reproduction using molecular and demographic measures, it is unknown whether parity is linked to commonly-used clinical measures of biological aging. We use data collected between 1999 and 2010 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n = 4418) to test whether parity (number of live births) predicted four previously-validated composite measures of biological age and system integrity: Levine Method, homeostatic dysregulation, Klemera-Doubal method biological age, and allostatic load. Parity exhibited a U-shaped relationship with accelerated biological aging when controlling for chronological age, lifestyle, health-related, and demographic factors in post-menopausal, but not pre-menopausal, women, with biological age acceleration being lowest among post-menopausal women reporting between three and four live births. Our findings suggest a link between reproductive function and physiological dysregulation, and allude to possible compensatory mechanisms that buffer the effects of reproductive function on physiological dysregulation during a woman's reproductive lifespan. Future work should continue to investigate links between parity, menopausal status, and biological age using targeted physiological measures and longitudinal studies.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Confidence Intervals; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Live Birth; Middle Aged; Parity; Postmenopause; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Young Adult
PubMed: 33239686
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77082-2 -
Journal of Dairy Science Apr 2021Twinning costs the dairy industry an estimated $96 million each year. Twin pregnancy occurrence in high-producing dairy cows is primarily a result of multiple ovulations...
A retrospective study investigating the association of parity, breed, calving month and year, and previous parity milk yield and calving interval with twin births in US dairy cows.
Twinning costs the dairy industry an estimated $96 million each year. Twin pregnancy occurrence in high-producing dairy cows is primarily a result of multiple ovulations associated with low circulating concentrations of progesterone due to high milk production. The present retrospective observational study aimed to identify associations between (1) previous parity milk yield and subsequent twin birth prevalence, (2) twin birth with same parity milk production and calving interval (CInt), and (3) twin birth and the subsequent twin calving. The final data set included almost 2.9 million US dairy calving and production records between 2001 and 2020. Variables considered were parity, breed, milk production, CInt, calving month, and year. Logistic and linear regression modeling were used to assess the effects of predictors on outcomes. Herd within state was used as a random effect for all regression models. Twin birth probability increased for cows with increased previous parity milk yield independent of breed or parity. Third and greater parity (3+) compared with second parity (2) and all breeds compared with Jerseys were associated with greater twin probability. Calving between April and September that corresponded to conceiving in July through December was associated with greater twin birth probability. Twin births were associated with decreased milk production following the birth event in Holsteins and parity 2 cows and in the calving months between June and September. Surprisingly, twin births in parity 3+ cows were associated with an increased 305-d milk yield. Cows that had a twin birth were more likely to calve twins in the subsequent parity and had a greater risk of having a CInt between 413 and 600 d. The hazard to subsequent calving after single births was greater compared with twin births. These data can be instrumental in guiding research focus on reducing twinning in lactating dairy cows.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Lactation; Milk; Parity; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33612207
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19421