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Tropical Animal Health and Production Sep 2019A study was conducted to compare conception rates in 71 Tuli and 86 Afrikander beef cattle bred using either artificial insemination (AI) or the bull. Animals were bred... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
A study was conducted to compare conception rates in 71 Tuli and 86 Afrikander beef cattle bred using either artificial insemination (AI) or the bull. Animals were bred using either artificial insemination or natural service at Matopos Research Station. Animals were grouped into three groups of heifers (parity 0; P0), second calvers (parity 1; P1) and mature cows (parity 2; P2) before being randomly assigned to one of the two breeding methods. A binary logistic regression was used for statistical analysis where breeding method (AI vs natural service) was the treatment factor and conception rate was the measured response while breed, parity and last calving date were non-treatment factors. No significant differences were observed in conception rates between breeds (P > 0.05). However, the method of breeding animals, parity and calving interval affected (P < 0.05) conception rates. The breeding method, parity and calving interval had a positive Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficients to conception. More animals were pregnant when AI (77.6%) was used compared with natural mating (56.79%). Conception rates were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in C1 compared with C2 cattle. The odds ratio for breeding method and parity are positive and significant (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the study confirms that artificial inseminated animals had similar conception rates to naturally serviced animals for both Tuli and Afrikander breeds. As such, artificial insemination technology can be used to complement or substitute natural service in indigenous cattle's of Zimbabwe.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Female; Fertilization; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Parity; Zimbabwe
PubMed: 31065932
DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01889-z -
International Urogynecology Journal Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Female; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Exercise; Parity; Pregnancy
PubMed: 38150010
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-023-05710-2 -
Social Science & Medicine (1982) Mar 2023While much previous work linking fertility history with late-life cognition has focused on a narrow set of cognitive measures and/or has used modest sample sizes in the...
While much previous work linking fertility history with late-life cognition has focused on a narrow set of cognitive measures and/or has used modest sample sizes in the analysis, our paper expands the size and scope of these linkages by analyzing cognitive function across five domains and precisely estimating gendered patterns between men and women. Results point to important gendered associations between parity and cognition: having children is likely associated with better cognitive function for fathers in all five domains. However, mothers show worse cognitive function in some domains (i.e., numeric memory, prospective memory, and fluid intelligence) than childless women. We explore the possibility of confounding in these associations and rule out the effects of genetic cognitive ability on fertility. We also find that adding controls for educational attainment differ by gender-strengthening associations between parity and cognition for men and largely eliminating them for women. The findings support previous work done on how life course contexts may link to the risk of dementia or cognitive impairment, highlighting parity as potential protective or risk factors to parents' cognitive health. The use of five cognitive domains yields variations in results, giving implications on measure selection of cognitive function and calling for replicated work covering more cognitive domains.
Topics: Pregnancy; Male; Child; Humans; Female; Parity; Biological Specimen Banks; Sex Factors; Cognition; United Kingdom
PubMed: 36709690
DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115649 -
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare... 2018Across the globe, producers are moving from individual housing to group housing for sows during gestation. Producers typically group sows of a range of parities... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Across the globe, producers are moving from individual housing to group housing for sows during gestation. Producers typically group sows of a range of parities together, although the impacts are largely unknown. This study examined the behavioral expression at mixing for young, midparity, and older sows. Ten mixed-parity groups were filmed at mixing on a commercial piggery. One-minute clips were edited from continuous footage where focal sows of known parity could be identified, and scored for qualitative behavioral expression. Parity 2 and 6 sows were more calm/tired than Parity 4 sows, who were more active/energetic. Parity 2 sows were more curious/inquisitive than Parity 4 and 6 sows, who were more anxious/frustrated. Correlations between qualitative behavioral expression and activity indicated sows scored as more calm/tired spent a greater proportion of time standing, while sows scored as more active/energetic spent more time performing avoidance behavior. Different body language is likely to reflect physical or affective differences in how sows cope with mixing.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animal Welfare; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Fatigue; Female; Housing, Animal; Movement; Parity; Pregnancy; Principal Component Analysis; Random Allocation; Social Behavior; Swine; Video Recording; Western Australia
PubMed: 28846031
DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2017.1363651 -
The Journals of Gerontology. Series A,... Mar 2023Older females show greater cognitive gains from physical activity (PA) than males, which may be related to long-term consequences of female-specific reproductive events...
BACKGROUND
Older females show greater cognitive gains from physical activity (PA) than males, which may be related to long-term consequences of female-specific reproductive events (eg, pregnancy) on cognitive health.
METHODS
To determine whether previous parity could moderate the relationship between PA and cognitive decline in older women, we conducted secondary analyses of data from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. We tested whether the association between average PA over 10 years and cognition (Modified Mini-Mental State Examination [3MS]) and executive functioning (digit symbol substitution test [DSST]) over 10 years varied by previous parity (nulliparity, low parity, medium parity, and grand multiparity). An analysis of covariance was performed with cognition (average and change over 10 years) as the dependent variables, parity as a categorical predictor, average PA as a continuous predictor, and a set of relevant covariates.
RESULTS
Significant interactions were found between PA and parity group for all 4 comparisons: average 3MS (p = .014), average DSST (p = .032), change in 3MS (p = .016), and change in DSST (p = .017). Simple slope analyses indicated the positive relationship between PA and average 3MS and DSST was only significant in the nulliparity and grand multiparity groups, and the positive relationship between PA and change in 3MS and DSST was only significant in the grand multiparity group.
CONCLUSION
The findings suggest the relationship between self-reported walking and cognitive performance was strongest in the groups at risk for cognitive decline and dementia, the nulliparous and grand multiparous groups.
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Aged; Parity; Self Report; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Walking
PubMed: 35670837
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac123 -
Journal of Hypertension Nov 2014In pregnancy, women experience metabolic and hemodynamic changes of potential long-term impact. Conflicting evidence exists on the impact on blood pressure (BP). We...
OBJECTIVE
In pregnancy, women experience metabolic and hemodynamic changes of potential long-term impact. Conflicting evidence exists on the impact on blood pressure (BP). We investigated the association between parity and BP in the Swiss Study on Air Pollution And Lung and Heart Disease In Adults cohort.
METHODS
Multilevel linear and logistic regression analyses were performed in 2837 women aged 30-73 years, with data on parity, number of births, BP, and doctor-diagnosed hypertension adjusting for potential confounders. Hypertension was defined as at least 140/90 mmHg, doctor diagnosed or taking relevant treatment. Stratified analyses were performed by age (<40, 40-59, and ≥60 years) and menopausal status.
RESULTS
Parous women had a mean of 2.3 pregnancies (SD 0.95, range 1-7). A total of 26% were nulliparous. Mean BP was 119/76 mmHg in nulliparous and 121/76 mmHg in parous women. Parity had a significant adverse effect on BP in women at least 60 years [SBP 5.6 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3 to 8.9; DBP 1.8 mmHg, 95% CI 0.1 to 3.6] and protective effect in women below 40 years (SBP -3.4 mmHg, 95% CI -5.8 to -1.0; DBP -0.2 mmHg, 95% CI -1.0 to 0.6). With increasing number of births, SBP (mmHg/birth; 95% CI) increased in older (1.2, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.2) and decreased in younger women (-1.6, 95% CI -2.6 to -0.5). Opposite effects of parity were also found for diagnosed hypertension. No interaction by menopausal status was found.
CONCLUSION
Our analyses yield differential effects of parity on BP in older vs. younger women. Reductions in BP in younger parous women have been described before; the opposite impact in older women is new. The findings may constitute biological mechanisms in an aging population or reflect birth cohort effects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Blood Pressure; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Menopause; Middle Aged; Parity; Pregnancy; Switzerland
PubMed: 25275243
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000000325 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2022Fungi have already been described as etiological agents of reproductive diseases such as endometritis and infertility in cows. However, few studies have been developed...
Fungi have already been described as etiological agents of reproductive diseases such as endometritis and infertility in cows. However, few studies have been developed to elucidate the entire cervicovaginal fungal communities in cows. Therefore, our study aimed to characterize the fungal community present in the cervix of cows with different reproductive performances. Cervicovaginal mucus was collected from 36 Angus breed cows (1.5-12 years old) on a commercial beef cattle ranch. Twenty-one cows had a history of infertility in the year prior to the collection, showing early return to estrus. Ten cows were sampled at 60-70 days postpartum being considered fertile cows. Additionally, five non-sexually active heifers were employed as control group. Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the predominant fungal phyla in the analyzed animals. Diversity metrics of the cervicovaginal fungal community revealed statistical differences in the composition of the fungal community among infertile cows, fertile cows and non-sexually active heifers. In addition, the cervicovaginal fungal microbiota had significative increased richness and evenness in nulliparous cows and non-sexually active heifers, while in multiparous cows a decreased richness and evenness of the fungal microbiota were identified. These results provide an unprecedented understanding of the cervicovaginal fungal structure associated with infertility and parity order.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Endometritis; Female; Humans; Mycobiome; Parity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Reproduction
PubMed: 34890751
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105351 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... Feb 2020Physiological length of labour is highly variable and population norms have low sensitivity and specificity for individuals. The birth history of mothers may provide a...
OBJECTIVE
Physiological length of labour is highly variable and population norms have low sensitivity and specificity for individuals. The birth history of mothers may provide a basis for personalized assessment of labour progress in their nulliparous daughters. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between length of labour in nulliparous daughters and in their mother's first birth, as a basis for constructing individualised labour prediction models in future.
STUDY DESIGN
A mother-daughter matched cohort study was conducted in two Israeli maternity hospitals. Recruitment took place between September 2014 and June 2015 via antenatal clinics. Inclusion criteria were nulliparous daughters with singleton pregnancies at ≥32 weeks' gestation and mothers of included daughters who had a first birth in hospital prior to 1997. Data were collected prospectively for daughters by questionnaire and from electronic hospital records, and through retrospective recall questionnaires for mothers. Mother-daughter length of labour data were analysed using parametric and non-parametric tests and logistic regression. Length of labour was categorized as ≤10 h and >10 h. Other factors influencing daughters' length of labour were also examined.
RESULTS
Data from 323 mother-daughter pairs were analysed. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that daughters of mothers who were in active labour for more than 10 h showed increased likelihood of having a longer labour [OR1.91 (95 % CI 1.19, 3.05, P = 0.007)]. Controlling for infant gender increased the effect size [OR3.23 (95 % CI 1.55, 6.74, P = 0.002)]. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that mothers' length of labour [OR1.88 (95 % CI 1.12, 3.17)] and daughters' age [OR1.08 (95 % CI 1.02, 1.14)], weight gain in pregnancy [OR1.10 (95 % CI 1.04, 1.16)] and use of anesthesia, were statistically significant factors for daughters' length of labour, with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 74 %, 56 %, 66 %, and 64 %, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
A strong positive association between mother and daughter lengths of labour was found. A model that includes length of labour in their mother's first birth might be useful for labour progress prediction for nulliparous women. Practitioners could inquire about maternal first birth patterns as an additional heuristic to guide practice and increase precision in the clinical management of nullipara women's labour and delivery.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clinical Decision Rules; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Mothers; Nuclear Family; Obstetrics; Parity; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 31884149
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.007 -
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Jun 2019The ability to predict impending foaling is invaluable, as attending foaling improves mare and foal outcome during parturition; therefore, a comparison of foaling...
The ability to predict impending foaling is invaluable, as attending foaling improves mare and foal outcome during parturition; therefore, a comparison of foaling prediction technologies is warranted. The purpose of this study was to compare technologies to predict foaling. Forty Standardbred mares were monitored daily for parturition. Prefoaling mammary secretion was collected daily and evaluated using a: calcium titration method (Ca titration), calcium and magnesium strip (Ca and Mg), handheld digital pH device (pH digital), pH strip, and refractometer (Brix). In addition, a birth monitoring system that was attached in the mare's vulva was studied and all positive alarms (foaling) and negative alarms (false alerts) were recorded. Analysis of variance, correlation, and logistic analysis were used to analyze the different technologies and their associations between parity and foal gender. Receiver operator characteristic analysis for cutoff value and subsequently sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values for each technology were obtained. Maiden mares and mares carrying a colt had a longer gestational length. Multiparous and maiden mares had no difference in their prefoaling mammary secretion pH using the digital and pH strip technologies when predicting foaling; however, the calcium concentrations measured using the Ca titration technology were lower in multiparous than in maiden mares. The Ca titration technology was the single best technology to predict when the mare was not going to foal; and when the Ca titration and pH digital were used in combination, their prediction for foaling increased when compared with using each technology individually.
Topics: Animals; Calcium, Dietary; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Horses; Male; Parity; Parturition; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31133324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.02.015 -
European Journal of Preventive... Jul 2019
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30691302
DOI: 10.1177/2047487319826336