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Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2016This article provides an overview of important anatomic and functional anatomy associated with the parotid gland and facial nerve for the practicing otolaryngologist,... (Review)
Review
This article provides an overview of important anatomic and functional anatomy associated with the parotid gland and facial nerve for the practicing otolaryngologist, head and neck surgeon, facial plastic surgeon, and plastic surgeon. The discussion includes the important anatomic relationships and physiology related to the parotid gland and salivary production. A comprehensive description of the path of facial nerve, its branches, and important anatomic landmarks also are provided.
Topics: Facial Nerve; Facial Paralysis; Humans; Parotid Gland
PubMed: 27040583
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.002 -
Japanese Journal of Radiology Nov 2017The latest World Health Organization 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumours includes a new chapter on tumors and tumor-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes.... (Review)
Review
The latest World Health Organization 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumours includes a new chapter on tumors and tumor-like lesions of the neck and lymph nodes. Tumor-like lesions include a variety of cystic lesions of the parotid gland. Cystic lesions of the parotid gland can be divided into three groups: non-neoplastic cysts, benign tumors with macrocystic change, and malignant tumors with macrocystic change. It is important to distinguish these lesions from one another because treatment and patient management differ among the three groups. The purpose of this review is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging and scintigraphy findings and the histopathologic characteristics of each parotid gland lesion based on the latest World Health Organization 2017 Classification of Head and Neck Tumours and to summarize the key points of differential diagnosis for cystic lesions of the parotid gland.
Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Radionuclide Imaging; World Health Organization
PubMed: 28836142
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-017-0678-z -
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics... May 2021Transoral parotidectomy allows for the management of parapharyngeal space tumors and accessory parotid gland tumors without the need for a transfacial/transparotid or... (Review)
Review
Transoral parotidectomy allows for the management of parapharyngeal space tumors and accessory parotid gland tumors without the need for a transfacial/transparotid or mandible splitting procedure. It is a minimally invasive approach that permits a faster recovery and with a lesser risk of facial palsy.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33478916
DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2020.12.002 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Oct 2019Primary liposarcoma is very rare in the parotid gland. To date, only 8 cases of primary parotid liposarcoma have been reported. The aim of this study is to report on a...
INTRODUCTION
Primary liposarcoma is very rare in the parotid gland. To date, only 8 cases of primary parotid liposarcoma have been reported. The aim of this study is to report on a case of primary parotid liposarcoma highlighting the complexity of its treatment and analyze treatment outcomes of other reported cases.
CASE SUMMARY
We report a case of parotid liposarcoma arising in the left parotid gland of a 66 year-old man, causing local morbidity, recurrence, repeated surgical treatment and death 5 months after initial treatment.
DISCUSSION
Parotid liposarcoma is marked by a high probability of local recurrence of up to 70% and is prone to distant metastatic spread, as was the case in our patient. Based on limited experience from published literature, optimal treatment entails radical surgery with negative margins. Postoperative radiotherapy is an option for patients with large high-grade tumors, positive margins and involvement of complex anatomic subsites. High-grade tumors have a worse outcome despite the addition of surgery and postoperative radiotherapy.
Topics: Aged; Fatal Outcome; Humans; Liposarcoma; Male; Neck Dissection; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Rare Diseases; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 30876853
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.01.013 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Apr 2016In this article, various imaging modalities are discussed for evaluation of parotid disease, from congenital to inflammatory to neoplastic etiologies. Key imaging... (Review)
Review
In this article, various imaging modalities are discussed for evaluation of parotid disease, from congenital to inflammatory to neoplastic etiologies. Key imaging characteristics are outlined using case examples. Introduction to biological imaging is highlighted. Additionally, image-guided biopsy techniques are illustrated for sampling parotid and parapharyngeal space lesions in a minimally invasive manner.
Topics: Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Parotid Diseases; Parotid Gland; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 26902980
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2015.10.003 -
American Journal of Otolaryngology 2022Parotid gland incidentaloma (PGI) management has not been well characterized in the literature. This study assesses clinicopathologic features, initial evaluation,...
PURPOSE
Parotid gland incidentaloma (PGI) management has not been well characterized in the literature. This study assesses clinicopathologic features, initial evaluation, management, and outcomes of PGIs discovered on various imaging modalities.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This is a retrospective case series from a single academic institution. The study cohort included 34 patients with parotid gland incidentalomas discovered between January 2009 and December 2019.
RESULTS
Parotid gland incidentalomas were most frequently identified on magnetic resonance imaging (16 patients, 47.1%). Most patients (26 patients, 76.5%) underwent further evaluation with subsequent imaging, most often magnetic resonance imaging (18 patients, 69.2%), and fine needle aspiration biopsy (33 patients, 97.1%). Most tumors were benign on fine needle aspiration biopsy (19 patients, 57.6%). Most cases (21 patients, 61.8%) were managed with observation without parotidectomy. Malignant findings on fine needle aspiration cytology were associated with increased likelihood of undergoing parotidectomy (25% vs 0%; p = 0.04). Among the patients who received a parotidectomy, most (8 patients, 61.5%) had benign findings on final histopathology.
CONCLUSION
Parotid gland incidentalomas were discovered across a diverse set of imaging modalities in our institution. Magnetic resonance imaging and fine needle aspiration were often performed for further evaluation. Most cases were found to be benign on fine needle aspiration and were managed with observation. These findings highlight the necessity of appropriate work-up for these tumors, and the need for shared decision making between the patient and the physician in selecting the appropriate treatment strategy.
Topics: Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 34894452
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2021.103296 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Sep 2021Parotid incidentalomas on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging are rare. A systematic review was performed to assess their...
OBJECTIVE
Parotid incidentalomas on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging are rare. A systematic review was performed to assess their aetiology and association with scanning indication, and to develop an evidence-based algorithm for their management.
METHODS
A literature search was performed on 25 August 2020 using the keywords 'incidentaloma', 'incidental finding', 'parotid', 'parotid gland', 'salivary gland' and 'head and neck'. Articles were reviewed by two authors before their inclusion.
RESULTS
Forty articles were included, totalling 558 incidentalomas. The mean incidence was 0.74 per cent. Lung cancer was the most common imaging indication. The most common aetiologies were cystadenolymphoma, pleomorphic salivary adenoma and metastases. Only cystadenolymphoma (p = 0.015) and pleomorphic salivary adenoma (p = 0.011) were significantly associated with a primary malignancy (lung). The most common further investigations were aspiration cytology, ultrasound imaging and core biopsy, usually prior to parotidectomy.
CONCLUSION
If appropriate, parotid incidentalomas should be followed up with flexible endoscopy, skin examinations, and head and neck examinations. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy provides higher accuracy, avoiding repeat sampling and excision biopsy.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Incidence; Incidental Findings; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 34308809
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215121002036 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Dec 2023This review will focus on the key steps in the recognition of parotid gland and duct injuries focusing on the important steps needed at the initial assessment.... (Review)
Review
This review will focus on the key steps in the recognition of parotid gland and duct injuries focusing on the important steps needed at the initial assessment. Management planning is presented in the way that trauma surgeons interact with patients, highlighting the important parts of the informed consent conversation followed by the key information that must be communicated to the anesthesia and operating room teams, which ensures proper monitoring and equipment needs are in place. Short-term and long-term outcomes for patients with persistent sequelae of the trauma and their management are reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Diseases
PubMed: 37369609
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2023.05.007 -
International Journal of... 2017This report describes parotid gland tuberculosis in a 38-year-old female patient that presented with a firm, painless, progressively increasing swelling over the right...
This report describes parotid gland tuberculosis in a 38-year-old female patient that presented with a firm, painless, progressively increasing swelling over the right preauricular region. Diagnostic workup including contrast enhanced computerized tomography neck and subsequent fine needle aspiration cytology of the swelling made the final diagnosis. The patient responded favorably with anti-tubercular therapy.
Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Neck; Parotid Gland; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Oral
PubMed: 28776535
DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_86_17 -
Head & Neck Oct 2022It is important to define the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (WT). This systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
It is important to define the accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of Warthin tumor (WT). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy of FNAC in the diagnosis of WT in the parotid gland and WT growth rate. For determination of FNAC accuracy, 17 studies, encompassing 1710 cases, were included. Pulled random model estimates of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 93.7% (95%CI: 92.1, 95.3), 97.9% (95%CI: 97, 98.9), 93.3% (95%CI: 91.5, 95.1), and 97.4% (95%CI: 96.4, 98.4), respectively. FNAC is highly reliable for the diagnosis of WT of the parotid. The high PPV value suggests that patients with a cytological diagnosis of WT of the parotid may be assigned to active surveillance.
Topics: Adenolymphoma; Biopsy, Fine-Needle; Humans; Parotid Gland; Parotid Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35586869
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27099