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The New England Journal of Medicine Dec 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Drug Approval; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Trust; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; COVID-19 Serotherapy; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 32997901
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMe2030687 -
Journal of Infusion Nursing : the... 2015Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) infusions are an option for patients requiring immunoglobulin therapy. Nurses are uniquely positioned to advocate for patients and to... (Review)
Review
Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg) infusions are an option for patients requiring immunoglobulin therapy. Nurses are uniquely positioned to advocate for patients and to teach them how to successfully manage their infusions. The purpose of this review is to describe SCIg therapy and to provide teaching instructions as well as creative tips to ensure treatment success.
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive; Infusions, Subcutaneous
PubMed: 25545976
DOI: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000087 -
Current Opinion in Critical Care Oct 2021Although the so-called cytokine storm has been early described and related to a dramatic evolution in severe COVID-19 patients, it soon became clear that those patients... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Although the so-called cytokine storm has been early described and related to a dramatic evolution in severe COVID-19 patients, it soon became clear that those patients display clinical and biological evidence of an immunosuppressive state characterized, among other, by a profound lymphopenia. The negative role of this immune suppression on the outcome raises the question on immune therapies that might improve patient's condition.
RECENT FINDINGS
Important positive effects of active immune therapies, such as IL-7 or thymosin-α are already described and warrant confirmation in larger prospective trials. For other therapies, such as interferons, firm conclusions for critically ill COVID-19 patients are lacking as those patients were often excluded from the published trials. Treatment with immunoglobulins or convalescent plasma is a passive strategy to provide specific immunity. Unfortunately, results from large RCTs do not support their use presently.
SUMMARY
In this article, we provide a review on active and passive immune boosting strategies that might help treating the most severe COVID-19 patients. We mainly focus on active strategies that include IL-7, thymosin-α, interferons, and vitamin D. Although some positive effects are described, they certainly warrant confirmation in large randomized controlled trials.
Topics: COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Prospective Studies; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 34334626
DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000000862 -
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy Nov 2020: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as... (Review)
Review
: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. : This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. : A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Chemokine CX3CL1; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Development; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Rheumatic Diseases; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 32401060
DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2022
Topics: Ambulatory Care; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Outpatients; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 36069884
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2208338 -
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Feb 2019Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management for most primary immunodeficiency disease patients. The selection of a particular product, dose, and... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management for most primary immunodeficiency disease patients. The selection of a particular product, dose, and route of administration requires an understanding of the features of therapeutic immunoglobulin as well as patient-specific risk factors in order to maximize efficacy and tolerability and minimize risk. Individualizing therapy, taking into consideration the burdens of care, is necessary in order to optimize patient outcomes.
Topics: Agammaglobulinemia; Animals; Clinical Decision-Making; Cost of Illness; Disease Management; Drug Administration Routes; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Precision Medicine; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30466775
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2018.08.001 -
The Lancet. Haematology May 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; Plasma; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 32359447
DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30117-4 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Oct 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; India; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment Failure; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33093025
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4072 -
Bioconjugate Chemistry Dec 2018Passive immunotherapy, i.e., the administration of exogenous antibodies that recognize a specific target antigen, has gained significant momentum as a potential... (Review)
Review
Passive immunotherapy, i.e., the administration of exogenous antibodies that recognize a specific target antigen, has gained significant momentum as a potential treatment strategy for several central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and brain cancer, among others. Advances in antibody engineering to create therapeutic antibody fragments or antibody conjugates have introduced new strategies that may also be applied to treat CNS disorders. However, drug delivery to the CNS for antibodies and other macromolecules has thus far proven challenging, due in large part to the blood-brain barrier and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barriers that greatly restrict transport of peripherally administered molecules from the systemic circulation into the CNS. Here, we summarize the various passive immunotherapy approaches under study for the treatment of CNS disorders, with a primary focus on disease-specific and target site-specific challenges to drug delivery and new, cutting edge methods.
Topics: Central Nervous System Diseases; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 30265523
DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00548 -
Vaccine Dec 2018Passive immunisation with immunoglobulins as post-exposure prophylaxis after contact with measles is recommended by the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO)... (Review)
Review
Passive immunisation with immunoglobulins as post-exposure prophylaxis after contact with measles is recommended by the German Standing Committee on Vaccination (STIKO) particularly for unprotected individuals at high risk of complications for whom active immunization is contraindicated, such as infants <6 months of age, immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. The efficacy of passive immunisation in preventing measles depends on how soon after exposure it is administered, the concentration of measles antibodies in the immunoglobulin products and dosage. Since the global introduction of standard active immunisation against measles and the concomitant reduction in virus circulation, the levels of measles virus (MV)-specific IgG antibodies in the population have dropped. Thus, the concentration of MV-specific antibodies in immunoglobulin products derived from human plasma donors has declined as the proportion of vaccinated donors has increased. The MV-neutralizing capacity of immunoglobulin products is not routinely tested in Germany. No official data exist on the concentrations of MV-specific IgG antibodies in individual batches of immunoglobulins available in Germany and the required minimum level for MV-specific IgG is not stipulated. The STIKO re-evaluated available data and measurements of MV-neutralizing capacities of available immunoglobulin (IgG) products in Germany at the National Reference Centre Measles, Mumps, Rubella at the Robert Koch Institute. Based on the findings, STIKO modified its previous recommendations on the post-exposure use of immunoglobulins (2001), especially with respect to risk groups, application and dosage. STIKO now recommends a single intravenous administration of immunoglobulins (400 mg/kg body weight) as soon as possible, preferably within six days, after exposure to measles, specifically for infants aged <6 months, susceptible pregnant women and immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Advisory Committees; Antibodies, Viral; Disease Management; Germany; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Measles; Mumps; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Risk Factors; Rubella; Vaccination
PubMed: 30478003
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.070