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Frontiers in Immunology 2018Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease.... (Review)
Review
Immunoglobulin has been widely used in a variety of diseases, including primary and secondary immunodeficiency diseases, neuromuscular diseases, and Kawasaki disease. Although a large number of clinical trials have demonstrated that immunoglobulin is effective and well tolerated, various adverse effects have been reported. The majority of these events, such as flushing, headache, malaise, fever, chills, fatigue and lethargy, are transient and mild. However, some rare side effects, including renal impairment, thrombosis, arrhythmia, aseptic meningitis, hemolytic anemia, and transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI), are serious. These adverse effects are associated with specific immunoglobulin preparations and individual differences. Performing an early assessment of risk factors, infusing at a slow rate, premedicating, and switching from intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) can minimize these adverse effects. Adverse effects are rarely disabling or fatal, treatment mainly involves supportive measures, and the majority of affected patients have a good prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Incidence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29951056
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01299 -
Vaccine Oct 2019
Topics: Global Health; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; Rabies; Vaccination
PubMed: 31564303
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.050 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2022The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive...
The vagina is an excellent site for topical passive immunization, as access is relatively easy, and it is an enclosed space that has been shown to retain bioactive antibodies for several hours. A number of sexually transmitted infections could potentially be prevented by delivery of specific monoclonal antibodies to the vagina. Furthermore, our group is developing antisperm antibodies for vaginally delivered on-demand topical contraception. In this article, we describe physical features of the vagina that could play a role in antibody deployment, and antibody modifications that could affect mAb retention and function in the female reproductive tract. We also review results of recent Phase 1 clinical trials of vaginal passive immunization with antibodies against sexually transmitted pathogens, and describe our current studies on the use of anti-sperm mAbs for contraception.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Female; Humans; Immunization; Immunization, Passive; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Vagina
PubMed: 34473605
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2021.1965423 -
International Journal of Antimicrobial... Mar 2021The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The... (Review)
Review
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has led to a rapid search for therapeutic and preventive measures because of the potentially severe course of infection. The antiviral drug, remdesivir, and the anti-inflammatory agent, dexamethasone, have shown beneficial effects. As the current COVID-19 vaccines are not yet fully available to everyone, or they may not be readily and universally accepted, various treatment options are being evaluated and will still be needed under these conditions. One of these treatment options, passive immunization, has shown promise in some studies. Further research is needed to determine the utility of immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or artificially produced monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of symptomatic patients, and potentially for use as post-exposure prophylaxis, at least until more effective drugs are available or safe and effective vaccines are distributed and administered to everyone.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33400975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106275 -
Biomolecules Jan 2022Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive... (Review)
Review
Alpha-synucleinopathies include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure and multiple system atrophy. These are all progressive neurodegenerative diseases that are characterized by pathological misfolding and accumulation of the protein alpha-synuclein (αsyn) in neurons, axons or glial cells in the brain, but also in other organs. The abnormal accumulation and propagation of pathogenic αsyn across the autonomic connectome is associated with progressive loss of neurons in the brain and peripheral organs, resulting in motor and non-motor symptoms. To date, no cure is available for synucleinopathies, and therapy is limited to symptomatic treatment of motor and non-motor symptoms upon diagnosis. Recent advances using passive immunization that target different αsyn structures show great potential to block disease progression in rodent studies of synucleinopathies. However, passive immunotherapy in clinical trials has been proven safe but less effective than in preclinical conditions. Here we review current achievements of passive immunotherapy in animal models of synucleinopathies. Furthermore, we propose new research strategies to increase translational outcome in patient studies, (1) by using antibodies against immature conformations of pathogenic αsyn (monomers, post-translationally modified monomers, oligomers and protofibrils) and (2) by focusing treatment on body-first synucleinopathies where damage in the brain is still limited and effective immunization could potentially stop disease progression by blocking the spread of pathogenic αsyn from peripheral organs to the brain.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Lewy Bodies; Models, Animal; Synucleinopathies; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 35204668
DOI: 10.3390/biom12020168 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2014Vaccination started around the 10th century AD as a means of preventing smallpox. By the end of the 19th century such therapeutic vaccines were well established with... (Review)
Review
Vaccination started around the 10th century AD as a means of preventing smallpox. By the end of the 19th century such therapeutic vaccines were well established with both active and passive preparations being used in clinical practice. Active immunization involved administering an immunogen that might be live/ attenuated, killed/ inactivated, toxoid or subunit in origin. Passive immunization involved giving pre-formed antibodies, usually to very recently exposed individuals. At about the same time such approaches were also tried to treat a variety of cancers - proof of principle for the protective role of the immune response against malignancy was established by the observation that tumors transplanted into syngeneic hosts were rejected by the host innate and adaptive responses. The impact of these therapeutic vaccination has taken a considerable time to become established - in part because target antigens against which an adaptive response can be directed do not appear to be uniquely expressed on malignant transformed cells; and also because tumor cells are able to manipulate their environment to downregulate the host immune response. Therapeutic cancer vaccines are also divided into active and passive types - the latter being subdivided into specific and non-specific vaccines. Active immunization utilizes an immunogen to generate a host response designed to eliminate the malignant cells, whereas in passive immunization preformed antibodies or cells are administered to directly eliminate the transformed cells - examples of each are considered in this review.
Topics: Humans; Immunization, Passive; Neoplasms; Vaccination
PubMed: 25424829
DOI: 10.4161/hv.29604 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with infected persons. With the progression of disease, numerous complications develop, particularly among persons with chronic illnesses. Pathological investigations indicate that it affects multiple organs and can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prevention is vital and self-isolation is the best means of containing this virus. Good community health practices like maintaining sufficient distance from other people, wearing protective face masks and regular hand washing should be adopted. Convalescent plasma transfusion and the administration of the antiviral Remdesivir have been found to be effective. Vaccines offer lifesaving protecting against COVID-19 which has killed millions and our best bet for staying safe. Screening, suppression/containment as well as mitigation are the strategies implemented for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is essential to end the COVID-19 pandemic and everyone should have an access to them. The current COVID-19 pandemic brought the global economy to a standstill and has exacted an enormous human and financial toll.
Topics: Blood Component Transfusion; COVID-19; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; Plasma; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 35602161
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.778037 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Apr 2022
Topics: Antibodies; Immunization; Immunization, Passive
PubMed: 35507828
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2028517 -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 2019
Topics: Hepatitis; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunotherapy; Influenza, Human; Meningococcal Infections; Pneumococcal Infections; Vaccines
PubMed: 30794094
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1571854 -
International Immunopharmacology Aug 2022In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive... (Review)
Review
In late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged, causing a global pandemic called COVID-19. Currently, there is no definitive treatment for this emerging disease. Global efforts resulted in developing multiple platforms of COVID-19 vaccines, but their efficacy in humans should be wholly investigated in the long-term clinical and epidemiological follow-ups. Despite the international efforts, COVID-19 vaccination accompanies challenges, including financial and political obstacles, serious adverse effects (AEs), the impossibility of using vaccines in certain groups of people in the community, and viral evasion due to emerging novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 in many countries. For these reasons, passive immunotherapy has been considered a complementary remedy and a promising way to manage COVID-19. These approaches arebased on reduced inflammation due to inhibiting cytokine storm phenomena, immunomodulation,preventing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), viral neutralization, anddecreased viral load. This article highlights passive immunotherapy and immunomodulation approaches in managing and treating COVID-19 patients and discusses relevant clinical trials (CTs).
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35483235
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108786