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PloS One 2015The adipose tissue-derived protein, adiponectin, has significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of disease conditions. Recent evidence that adiponectin and...
The adipose tissue-derived protein, adiponectin, has significant anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of disease conditions. Recent evidence that adiponectin and its receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are expressed in central nervous system, suggests that it may also have a central modulatory role in pain and inflammation. This study set out to investigate the effects of exogenously applied recombinant adiponectin (via intrathecal and intraplantar routes; 10-5000 ng) on the development of peripheral inflammation (paw oedema) and pain hypersensitivity in the rat carrageenan model of inflammation. Expression of adiponectin, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein was characterised in dorsal spinal cord using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 mRNA and protein were found to be constitutively expressed in dorsal spinal cord, but no change in mRNA expression levels was detected in response to carrageenan-induced inflammation. Adiponectin mRNA, but not protein, was detected in dorsal spinal cord, although levels were very low. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin, both pre- and 3 hours post-carrageenan, significantly attenuated thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical hypersensitivity. Intrathecal administration of adiponectin post-carrageenan also reduced peripheral inflammation. Intraplantar administration of adiponectin pre-carrageenan dose-dependently reduced thermal hyperalgesia but had no effect on mechanical hypersensitivity and peripheral inflammation. These results show that adiponectin functions both peripherally and centrally at the spinal cord level, likely through activation of AdipoRs to modulate pain and peripheral inflammation. These data suggest that adiponectin receptors may be a novel therapeutic target for pain modulation.
Topics: Adiponectin; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Carrageenan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adiponectin; Recombinant Proteins; Spinal Cord
PubMed: 26352808
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136819 -
Veterinary Pathology Jan 2023(fenugreek) is a legume widely used as a food supplement in humans and less frequently in ruminants. Toxicity has been described sporadically in ruminants grazing...
(fenugreek) is a legume widely used as a food supplement in humans and less frequently in ruminants. Toxicity has been described sporadically in ruminants grazing mature fenugreek plants or stubble; however, the pathological features are unclear. This report describes a natural outbreak of intoxication in cattle fed fenugreek straw and the experimental reproduction using 8 sheep and 8 goats. Affected cattle presented clinical signs approximately 1 month after consuming the straw and 100 of 400 cattle (25%) were affected, of which 60 of 100 (60%) died or were euthanized. Clinical signs were characterized by proprioceptive positioning defects with abnormal postures and weakness of hindlimbs. Forelimbs were also affected in severely affected animals, and cattle became recumbent. Locomotion was characterized by trembling, and some cattle showed high-stepping movements of their forelimbs and knuckled over in their fetlocks. Experimental intoxication induced clinical signs only in sheep and were similar to cattle, although with signs starting in the forelegs. Gross and microscopic lesions were similar in spontaneous and experimental intoxications. Macroscopic changes corresponded with muscular hemorrhages and edema, mainly surrounding the peripheral nerves. Microscopic examination only demonstrated lesions in the distal peripheral nerves, which included edema, hemorrhages, and Wallerian degeneration. Neurofilament immunohistochemistry revealed altered axon labeling and S100 showed a decrease in myelin intensity and loss of its typical compact arrangement around axons. Biochemical and hematological abnormalities included elevated levels of muscle and liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia. These findings indicate that fenugreek straw induces peripheral neuropathy in cattle and sheep, but not in goats.
Topics: Humans; Cattle; Sheep; Animals; Trigonella; Goats; Reproduction; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Edema; Cattle Diseases; Goat Diseases; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 36384340
DOI: 10.1177/03009858221137020 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2017Previous studies have indicated edema may be involved in the pathophysiology following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and melatonin may exhibit neuro-protection...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have indicated edema may be involved in the pathophysiology following hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and melatonin may exhibit neuro-protection against brain insults. However, little is known regarding the mechanisms that involve the protective effects of melatonin in the brain and peripheral tissues after HIE. The present study aimed to examine the effects of melatonin on multiple organs, and the expression of edema related proteins in a neonatal rat model of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD).
METHODS
One hundred ninety-two neonatal rats were randomly divided into three subgroups that underwent a sham surgery or HIBD. After the HIBD or sham-injury, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of melatonin or an equal volume vehicle, respectively. We investigated the effects of melatonin on brain, kidney, and colon edema via histological examination and the expression of edema related proteins, including AQP-4, ZO-1 and occludin, via qPCR and western blot.
RESULTS
Our data indicated (1) Melatonin reduced the histological injury in the brain and peripheral organs induced by HIBD as assessed via H-E staining and transmission electron microscopy. (2) Melatonin alleviated the HIBD-induced cerebral edema characterized by increased brain water content. (3) HIBD induced significant changes of edema related proteins, such as AQP-4, ZO-1 and occludin, and these changes were partially reversed by melatonin treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings provide substantial evidence that melatonin treatment has protective effects on the brain and peripheral organs after HIBD, and the edema related proteins, AQP4, ZO-1, and occludin, may indirectly contribute tothe mechanism of the edema protection by melatonin.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Brain Edema; Colonic Diseases; Edema; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney Diseases; Melatonin; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Neuroprotective Agents; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28351378
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0824-x -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Sep 2023Lower limb oedema is a common co-morbidity in those with diabetes and foot ulceration and is linked with increased amputation risk. There is no current guidance for the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Lower limb oedema is a common co-morbidity in those with diabetes and foot ulceration and is linked with increased amputation risk. There is no current guidance for the treatment of concurrent diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb oedema, leading to uncertainty around the safety and efficacy of combination approaches incorporating offloading and compression therapies. To determine indications and contraindications for such strategies and identify any other supplementary treatment approaches, a scoping review was undertaken to map the evidence relating to off-loading and compression therapy strategies to treat both diabetic foot ulcers and lower limb oedema in combination.
METHODS
Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and PRISMA - Scoping Review (ScR) guidance, this review included published and unpublished literature from inception to April 2022. Literature was sourced using electronic databases including Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, AMED; websites; professional journals and reference lists of included literature. Eligible literature discussed the management of both diabetic foot ulceration and lower limb oedema and included at least one of the treatment strategies of interest. Data extraction involved recording any suggested off-loading, compression therapy or supplementary treatment strategies and any suggested indications, contraindications and cautions for their use.
RESULTS
Five hundred twenty-two publications were found relating to the management of diabetic foot ulcers with an off-loading strategy or the management of lower limb oedema with compression therapy. 51 publications were eligible for inclusion in the review. The majority of the excluded publications did not discuss the situation where diabetic foot ulceration and lower limb oedema present concurrently.
CONCLUSIONS
Most literature, focused on oedema management with compression therapy to conclude that compression therapy should be avoided in the presence of severe peripheral arterial disease. Less literature was found regarding off-loading strategies, but it was recommended that knee-high devices should be used with caution when off-loading diabetic foot ulcers in those with lower limb oedema. Treatment options to manage both conditions concurrently was identified as a research gap. Integrated working between specialist healthcare teams, was the supplementary strategy most frequently recommended. In the absence of a definitive treatment solution, clinicians are encouraged to use clinical reasoning along with support from specialist peers to establish the best, individualised treatment approach for their patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Open Science Framework (osf.io/crb78).
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Amputation, Surgical; Databases, Factual; Edema; Evidence Gaps; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37674176
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-023-00659-3 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Mar 2021Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, known in Brazil as jabuticaba or jaboticaba has been used by Brazilian native populations for medicinal purposes, including those...
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, known in Brazil as jabuticaba or jaboticaba has been used by Brazilian native populations for medicinal purposes, including those related to inflammatory conditions, such as asthma, diarrhea, disorders in female genitourinary tract, and tonsillitis. Inflammation has emerged as a main factor for the oxidative stress, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia present in chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Such disturbances have been a leading cause of death worldwide for decades, despite significant efforts in developing new therapies. Therefore, strengthening the relevance of ethnobotanic approaches, as P. cauliflora has the potential to become a natural, native, and traditional product to prevent and treat inflammation-associated diseases more effectively for more people.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Evaluate anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and analgesic properties of hydroethanolic extract of P. cauliflora epicarps (PcE).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Phytochemical compound from the PcE were identified through HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging. The anti-inflammatory potential was investigated by carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritonitis in mice. Analgesic effect was assessed, in mice, though hot plate test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing. Antidiabetic and hypolipidemic potential were evaluated using alloxan-induced diabetic mice.
RESULTS
Tannins, phenolic acids, and their derivatives were the predominant phytochemicals found. Overall, PcE showed different properties related to the treatment of clinical conditions associated with chronic diseases as a potent antioxidant activity, demonstrating a radical scavenging action similar to gallic acid. PcE oral administration also significantly reduced inflammation induced by paw edema and partially blocked leukocyte migration. Moreover, PcE produced peripheral and central analgesic effects, as evaluated in the writhing model and hot plate tests. Treatment with PcE significantly improved glucose levels and lipid markers in diabetic mice.
CONCLUSIONS
P. cauliflora fruits are rich sources of secondary metabolites, mainly tannins and phenolic acids with high biological potential, which can effectively contribute to the approach of preventing and controlling chronic NCDs.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Brazil; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edema; Female; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypolipidemic Agents; Mice; Myrtaceae; Plant Extracts; Random Allocation; Vitis
PubMed: 33242623
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113611 -
Human Psychopharmacology Nov 2023Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oedema associated with psychotropics can impose a considerable burden, leading to increased morbidity and cost. Peripheral oedema is sometimes related to the use of antidepressants, which are among the most prescribed psychotropic medications. We reviewed the reported cases of antidepressant-associated oedema to understand the risk factors, aetiology and outcome.
METHODS
We searched the Medline, Web of Science and Embase databases to identify reported cases of peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use. We included studies published in English and those with full-text availability. A systematic review of the reports was done to identify the antidepressants associated with oedema, explore possible risk factors, investigate potential mechanisms, and assess the outcome.
RESULTS
We identified a total of 45 cases (27 case reports and five case series) that reported oedema associated with antidepressant use. Almost all major classes of antidepressants were found to be associated with oedema. Among these drugs, trazodone, mirtazapine, and escitalopram were the most implicated. Older age and female gender were more commonly associated with oedema. Etiologically, antagonism of α adrenergic receptors and 5HT receptors, leading to vasodilation and oedema, emerged as the most prevalent mechanisms. In most cases, the oedema subsided following the discontinuation of the antidepressants.
CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral oedema associated with antidepressant use can represent a significant adverse drug reaction involving various classes of antidepressants. To ensure timely identification and proper management of oedema, regular monitoring is crucial.
Topics: Humans; Female; Antidepressive Agents; Mirtazapine; Risk Factors; Edema
PubMed: 37941526
DOI: 10.1002/hup.2884 -
International Immunopharmacology Jan 2022This study analyzed whether environmental enrichment (EE) modulates the nociceptive and inflammatory responses in the mouse model of arthritis induced by Complete...
This study analyzed whether environmental enrichment (EE) modulates the nociceptive and inflammatory responses in the mouse model of arthritis induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). Ninety male mice (C57BL/6-JUnib, 4-weeks-old; 20-25 g) were distributed into EE and standard (SE) groups. For EE, mice were kept in bigger cages using an alternation of materials to chew (wood and paper), for nesting (cotton), to use as hiding places (plastic tunnels), and for voluntary exercise (wheel running). Arthritis was induced by an injection of CFA (50 μL) into the right hind paw or saline solution in the control group. Separate groups received the anti-inflammatory drug dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg; every 48 h). Inflammatory and pain measurements were performed from 1 to 35 days after CFA administration. EE per se reduced the acute paw edema formation and arthritis scores. The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were undetectable in any experimental groups. EE diminished the immunopositivity for the microglia marker IBA1 in the pre-frontal cortex, with slight changes for hippocampal GFAP-positive activated astrocytes. Finally, EE induced a marked increment of brain-derived nerve factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, an effect that was fully prevented by dexamethasone. These data bring novel evidence on the peripheral and central effects of EE in a mouse arthritis model.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Edema; Environment; Foot Joints; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Physical Stimulation; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Mice
PubMed: 34824037
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108386 -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... Jul 2023: Insulin induced edema (IIE) is a rare condition, usually found in newly diagnosed diabetes patients, either after insulin treatment initiation or after dose increment....
: Insulin induced edema (IIE) is a rare condition, usually found in newly diagnosed diabetes patients, either after insulin treatment initiation or after dose increment. It is a self-limited process, rarely associated with serosal effusions. Teenage girls with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) are most commonly affected. : A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed with ketoacidosis (DKA). Seven days after initiation of the insulin treatment, at a stable total daily dose of insulin (TDDI) of 0.55 IU/kg, she came with two kilograms weight gain in only two days and edema of the feet and calves. Ultrasound of the heart found a 7 mm pericardial effusion. The diagnostic workout included clinical examination, biochemical, hormonal, allergen analyses and imaging which excluded other known causes of swelling. : We describe an adolescent girl with newly diagnosed T1DM and a rare association of peripheral insulin-induced edema and pericardial effusion. Short-term diuretic treatment and salt restriction resolved this rare complication of insulin treatment.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Insulin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Pericardial Effusion; Edema; Weight Gain
PubMed: 37453114
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0037 -
Anticancer Research Apr 2022The antiviral agent ritonavir is a substrate for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4); therefore, concomitant use of CYP3A4-metabolising drugs might cause adverse reactions to...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The antiviral agent ritonavir is a substrate for cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4); therefore, concomitant use of CYP3A4-metabolising drugs might cause adverse reactions to this drug. We investigated the plasma level of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) as CYP3A4 substrates and peripheral edema as a potential adverse drug reaction possibly caused by the anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) regimen of ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OPR) and CCBs.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We enrolled Japanese patients prescribed OPR for HCV infection. Peripheral edema was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events ver. 4. Plasma samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 28, and 42 after antiviral treatment, at the trough level.
RESULTS
Out of 52 patients, 64% experienced grade 1 or grade 2 peripheral edema, but not grade 3. Concomitant use of CCBs significantly increased the emergence of grade 2 edema (62%), compared with patients treated solely with OPR (48%). The use of OPR significantly increased the plasma concentration of amlodipine.
CONCLUSION
Peripheral edema in patients treated with OPR and CCBs, although tolerable, should be closely monitored.
Topics: Aged; Anilides; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclopropanes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Edema; Humans; Japan; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Macrocyclic Compounds; Proline; Ritonavir; Sulfonamides; Valine
PubMed: 35347032
DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15690 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... 2020Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized, in its full form, by recurrent facial nerve palsy, fissured tongue, and orofacial edema. Most...
BACKGROUND
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome is a rare disorder that is characterized, in its full form, by recurrent facial nerve palsy, fissured tongue, and orofacial edema. Most cases present as oligosymptomatic or monosymptomatic forms. Its etiology is still unknown and its course is chronic and it may be progressive.
CASE REPORT
We present the case of a nine-year-old girl with recurrent episodes of peripheral facial nerve palsy. During the study, lip edema, benign migratory glossitis, and angular cheilitis were observed, which is why a clinical diagnosis of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome was made.
CONCLUSIONS
This syndrome must be considered in the differential diagnosis with the presence of acute peripheral facial nerve palsy and/or facial edema due to its behavior and progressive evolution.
Topics: Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Edema; Facial Nerve; Female; Humans; Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome; Paralysis
PubMed: 33631910
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v67i4.791