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Physiology & Behavior Oct 2019Glucocorticoids (GC) increase food intake and body weight in humans and rodents and chronic stress and GC treatment-induced enhancement of the plasma concentration of GC...
Glucocorticoids (GC) increase food intake and body weight in humans and rodents and chronic stress and GC treatment-induced enhancement of the plasma concentration of GC lead to obesity and metabolic changes. In response to hypercaloric treatment, males were shown to be more susceptible to obesity than females, demonstrating that sex differences may affect energy homeostasis. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged (28 days) treatment with dexamethasone or corticosterone on food intake and body weight gain in intact rats, both male and female. Also examined were Lee index, weights and area of adipocytes of retroperitoneal and perigonadal+perirenal adipose tissues, glucose tolerance test (GTT) and plasma concentrations of free fatty acids, cholesterol and triglycerides. Treatment with dexamethasone was able to increase body weight, food intake, area of adipocytes and weight of retroperitoneal adipose tissue in males. Prolonged treatment with corticosterone also stimulated body weight gain and food intake in males. In addition, it induced an increase in the area of adipocytes and weight of perirenal+perigonadal adipose tissue and higher glycemia after GTT in these animals, without changes on Lee index and plasma parameters after both GC treatments. No parameter was changed by dexamethasone or corticosterone treatment in female rats. Thus, it can be concluded that male rats are more susceptible to the anabolic effects of glucocorticoids than female rats, and these responses can be due to the protective effects of circulating estrogens in females, and/or the difference between males and females in the expression/activity of corticosteroids receptors.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Adipose Tissue, White; Anabolic Agents; Animals; Corticosterone; Dexamethasone; Eating; Female; Glucocorticoids; Glucose Tolerance Test; Lipids; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Characteristics; Weight Gain
PubMed: 31247241
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112587 -
Cureus Oct 2023Subcapsular hematoma (SRH) or perirenal hematoma (PRH) can be seen after trauma, interventional radiological procedures, urological procedures, anticoagulant...
Subcapsular hematoma (SRH) or perirenal hematoma (PRH) can be seen after trauma, interventional radiological procedures, urological procedures, anticoagulant medications, coagulation disorders, infections, and spontaneously in some patients. Within the urological procedures, PRH can occur after percutaneous nephrolithotomy and extracorporeal shortwave lithotripsy but has only been reported a few times after cystoscopy/ureteroscopy. Here, we present the case of PRH as a complication from cystoscopy with retrograde pyelography in a patient with underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) and an extensive surgical history for nephrolithiasis. In addition to this, our patient had a further complication of sepsis by , of which the source is proven to be urinary, and it appears that the fungemia was triggered during the procedure as well. The diagnosis was confirmed by abdominal computed tomography (CT), and PRH was proven to resolve with conservative management on repeat imaging months later.
PubMed: 37933348
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46602 -
Leukemia & Lymphoma Jul 2022We retrospectively analyzed perirenal and subcutaneous fat thickness and their dynamics from baseline to end-of-treatment computerized-tomography scans in a cohort of...
We retrospectively analyzed perirenal and subcutaneous fat thickness and their dynamics from baseline to end-of-treatment computerized-tomography scans in a cohort of 118 newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with unfavorable features treated with R-DA-EPOCH regimen. Higher revised-international-prognostic-index (R-IPI) score was significantly associated with higher baseline perirenal and lower subcutaneous fat thickness. Up to 51% patients experienced perirenal and 40% subcutaneous fat-tissue loss during immunochemotherapy period. R-DA-EPOCH feasibility, toxicity and obtained response to therapy did not significantly differ regarding baseline perirenal and subcutaneous fat measurements whereas higher number of febrile-neutropenia cycles was associated with more pronounced subcutaneous fat loss. In multivariate-analyses subcutaneous fat loss of ≥6% (hazard-ratio (HR) =4.58, < 0.001) and achieving response to therapy (HR = 0.03, < 0.001) predicted overall-survival, and baseline subcutaneous fat thickness ≤24 mm (HR = 3.14, = 0.023), baseline minimal perirenal fat thickness ≤8 mm (HR = 2.44, = 0.042) and achieving response to therapy (HR = 0.04, < 0.001) predicted progression-free-survival independently of each other.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Cyclophosphamide; Disease-Free Survival; Doxorubicin; Humans; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Prednisone; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Retrospective Studies; Rituximab; Vincristine
PubMed: 35105266
DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2034160 -
Lymphatic Research and Biology Dec 2020Renal lymphatic abnormalities are rare, and the understanding of pathophysiology involving renal lymphatics is limited. Symptoms can include hypertension, hematuria,...
Renal lymphatic abnormalities are rare, and the understanding of pathophysiology involving renal lymphatics is limited. Symptoms can include hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria, chyluria, and abdominal and lumbar pain. Imaging techniques specific to the renal lymphatics have not been clarified. We review the intrahospital imaging evaluation/workup and clinical course of a 6-year-old male who presented to our institution with a large perirenal cyst. His presentation presented a diagnostic and management challenge. The cyst was determined to be lymphatic in origin and required multiple interventional radiology and surgical procedures for management.
Topics: Child; Cysts; Humans; Kidney; Lymphangioma; Lymphatic System; Lymphatic Vessels; Male
PubMed: 32589505
DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2020.0004 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2022Three calves were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic evaluation following an abrupt increase in morbidity and...
Three calves were submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for diagnostic evaluation following an abrupt increase in morbidity and mortality in a calf herd associated with epistaxis and widespread hemorrhage. Each of the submitted calves had moderate-to-severe hemorrhage within various tissues and body cavities, including the thymus, subcutaneous region of the neck, mediastinum, lungs, pericardial sac, heart, spleen, perirenal fat, urinary bladder, and skeletal muscle, including the diaphragm. An anticoagulant rodenticide screen was performed on the livers of each calf. Significant concentrations of chlorophacinone were detected at 4.2, 3.6, and 2.9 ppm in liver. Multiple piles and an open pail of white powdery material were present within the facility in which the calves were housed and were identified as the sources of chlorophacinone. Acute hemorrhage and death occurred in fourteen 1.5-mo-old, crossbred calves following ingestion of the vitamin K antagonist chlorophacinone.
Topics: Animals; Anticoagulants; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Hemorrhage; Indans; Rodenticides
PubMed: 35000500
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211069369 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jan 2023The study assessed the effect of smectites (bentonite and zeolite) used as natural sorbents in the diet of pigs on feed digestibility, health parameters, the severity of...
BACKGROUND
The study assessed the effect of smectites (bentonite and zeolite) used as natural sorbents in the diet of pigs on feed digestibility, health parameters, the severity of anatomo-histological changes in organs, and the accumulation of volatile pollutants in organs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was conducted using fattening pigs (crossbreds from multiple breeds) assigned to three groups - a control (C) and two experimental groups (A and B), with 240 pigs in each group (3 replicates × 80). The animals in group C received a standard complete diet, while groups A and B received diets with 1.5% composed smectite sorbents. The feed and faeces were analysed for content of dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, ether extract, and crude fibre. The content of P was determined using a Helios Alpha UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Whole blood was analysed for haematological parameters and serum for biochemical parameters. Tissue samples were collected for analysis of volatile substances and histological analysis. After slaughter, samples of the lungs, liver, kidneys and jejunum were collected for morphological evaluation, and samples of the perirenal fat, liver, kidneys, lungs and brain for headspace gas chromatography (GC) to determine the levels of volatile toxic substances.
RESULTS
A statistical increase in the digestibility of crude fibre and an increase in that of P were observed in both experimental groups (A and B) in comparison to the control. The whole blood and serum of the pigs from the control group had statistically significantly higher levels of creatinine, urea, and Mg and a higher WBC count compared to both experimental groups (A and B).
CONCLUSIONS
The feed additives were not shown to have a negative effect on the health parameters analysed or on accumulation of pollutants in selected tissues. No significant effect on the digestibility of most nutrients was observed; only an increase in the digestibility of crude fibre and a decrease in P digestibility were noted in the experimental groups.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Digestion; Diet; Nutrients; Feces; Jejunum; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
PubMed: 36609375
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03563-3 -
Clinical Radiology Feb 2017To evaluate the aetiology, imaging features, and the evolution of spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage detected by imaging.
AIM
To evaluate the aetiology, imaging features, and the evolution of spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage detected by imaging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this retrospective study, the hospital database was searched for all cases of spontaneous perinephric haemorrhage detected by imaging between January 2000 and December 2012. Imaging examinations were reviewed and the following parameters were recorded: the location, extension, and total volume of the haematoma, presence of active extravasation, the haematocrit effect, and highest density. The resolution time was calculated using follow-up imaging. The final aetiology for all cases was assessed via clinical, radiological, and histopathological data. Differences in imaging features of haemorrhage according to aetiology group were analysed with independent samples test and Fisher's exact test.
RESULTS
Eighty-one haematomas were identified in 78 patients during this 13-year period. Causes of perirenal haemorrhage included coagulation disorders (22/81, 27.1%), ruptured renal cyst (11/81, 13.6%), rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (9/81, 11.1%), renal cell carcinoma (9/81, 11.1%), adrenal masses (9/81, 11.1%), polycystic kidney disease (7/81, 8.6%), angiomyolipoma (6/81, 7.4%), renal vascular diseases (2/81, 2.4%), and recurrent pyelonephritis (1/81, 1.2%). Haematomas associated with coagulation abnormalities and vascular diseases presented with larger volumes and were more likely to extent to the pararenal space more so than other groups; ruptured renal cyst and renal cell carcinomas tended to be more associated with subcapsular haematomas. The haematocrit effect and haemorrhage involving renal parenchyma were more often observed in the group with coagulation abnormalities.
CONCLUSION
Imaging features, such as location and extension, could help radiologists identify possible aetiologies of spontaneous perirenal haemorrhage.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Boston; Causality; Comorbidity; Disease Progression; Female; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 27720441
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.08.010 -
Actas Urologicas Espanolas Sep 2021Hemorrhage due to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a rare complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The objective of this study is to...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Hemorrhage due to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a rare complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The objective of this study is to evaluate hemorrhagic complications (HC) after PCNL and the results of their endovascular treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 2009 and December 2019, 1335 PCNL were performed in our center for kidney stone disease. We analyzed the incidence of early and late HC, their management, the need for subsequent embolization, as well as clinical and analytical data of these patients.
RESULTS
A total of 59 (4.4%) patients presented HC. Bleeding was managed with arteriography and selective embolization (ASE). Perirenal hematoma was seen in 38 patients (64%). Regarding angiographic findings, there were 32 (54%) PA, 8 (14%) AVF, 4 (7%) extravasations due to vascular laceration and 15 (25%) PA combined with AVF. In one case, 3 procedures were required to control the bleeding. In 30 patients (51%) blood transfusions were not necessary, while in 29 (49%), a mean of 1.3 units were transfused. Median follow-up was 24±21 months. Mean time interval between PCNL and ASE was 7.3±4.9 days. A total of 24 (41%) patients were readmitted after discharge due to late HC requiring ASE. Delay between readmission and ASE was 4.8±4.6hours in average.
CONCLUSION
Early and late HC after PCNL can be severe. Rapid identification and treatment with ASE is an effective and minimally invasive and avoids multiple blood transfusions which in many cases constitute an insufficient treatment.
PubMed: 34489115
DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2020.11.011 -
Actas Urologicas Espanolas Dec 2021Hemorrhage due to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a rare complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The objective of this study is to...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Hemorrhage due to arteriovenous fistula (AVF) or pseudoaneurysm (PA) is a rare complication after percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). The objective of this study is to evaluate hemorrhagic complications (HC) after PCNL and the results of their endovascular treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between May 2009 and December 2019, 1335 PCNL were performed in our center for kidney stone disease. We analyzed the incidence of early and late HC, their management, the need for subsequent embolization, as well as clinical and analytical data of these patients.
RESULTS
A total of 59 (4.4%) patients presented HC. Bleeding was managed with arteriography and selective embolization (ASE). Perirenal hematoma was seen in 38 patients (64%). Regarding angiographic findings, there were 32 (54%) PA, 8 (14%) AVF, 4 (7%) extravasations due to vascular laceration and 15 (25%) PA combined with AVF. In one case, 3 procedures were required to control the bleeding. In 30 patients (51%) blood transfusions were not necessary, while in 29 (49%), a mean of 1.3 units were transfused. Median follow-up was 24 ± 21 months. Mean time interval between PCNL and ASE was 7.3 ± 4.9 days. A total of 24 (41%) patients were readmitted after discharge due to late HC requiring ASE. Delay between readmission and ASE was 4.8 ± 4.6 h in average.
CONCLUSION
Early and late HC after PCNL can be severe. Rapid identification and treatment with ASE is an effective and minimally invasive and avoids multiple blood transfusions which in many cases constitute an insufficient treatment.
Topics: Endovascular Procedures; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney Calculi; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous; Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; Renal Artery; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34764050
DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2021.10.002 -
BMC Nephrology Jun 2021Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage is relatively uncommon but may be life-threatening. There are some challenges in early diagnosis due to the lack of specific... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage is relatively uncommon but may be life-threatening. There are some challenges in early diagnosis due to the lack of specific presentations.
CASE PRESENTATION
We report a case of spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in a newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patient who initially presented with non-specific flank pain. Weakness and unstable vital signs were noted on admission. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed a sizable perirenal hematoma over the left retroperitoneal cavity. Renal arteriography identified active extravasation of contrast media from a distant branch of the left renal artery, and selective embolization effectively obliterated the bleeding spot. After cessation of bleeding, the patient received intensive immunosuppressive therapy for acute kidney injury and encephalopathy due to lupus. Her mental status recovered successfully, and she was withdrawn from short-term hemodialysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in the condition of systemic lupus erythematosus was a rare clinical entity with life-threatening potential. Early accurate diagnosis of spontaneous renal hemorrhage requires both detailed clinical examination and radiologic studies. Interventional embolization is essential and effective for both diagnosis and treatment. A high index of suspicion is necessary to avoid missing this potentially fatal syndrome, especially in patients with an increased risk of bleeding.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Brain Diseases; Combined Modality Therapy; Embolization, Therapeutic; Female; Glucocorticoids; Hematoma; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Kidney Diseases; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Methylprednisolone; Renal Replacement Therapy; Rupture, Spontaneous
PubMed: 34107924
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02424-9