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Canadian Association of Radiologists... May 2016The perirenal space can be involved by a variety of neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and proliferative disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging is often an ideal... (Review)
Review
The perirenal space can be involved by a variety of neoplastic, inflammatory, infectious, and proliferative disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging is often an ideal technique for identification and staging of lesions arising within the perirenal space, with its superior soft tissue characterization as well as its ability to visualize extension into blood vessels and adjacent organs. This pictorial essay describes the magnetic resonance imaging appearance of a variety of pathologies which can arise from or involve the perirenal space, and provides a framework for categorization and differential diagnosis of these lesions.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Retroperitoneal Space; Ureter; Ureteral Neoplasms
PubMed: 26831730
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2015.08.003 -
BMJ Case Reports Jul 2018An older male patient with a history of tachycardia treated with atenolol presented to an outside hospital on 22 February 2017 with acute right flank pain. He had a CT...
An older male patient with a history of tachycardia treated with atenolol presented to an outside hospital on 22 February 2017 with acute right flank pain. He had a CT scan which revealed a large right renal mass with acute haemorrhage. He was initially managed with interventional radiology guided embolism on 25 February 2017 due to the ongoing bleeding and haemodynamic instability. He was then transferred to our institution. He underwent right radical nephrectomy on 13 March 2017. His pathology revealed a 12.5×6×4.5 cm mass consistent with angiosarcoma of the right kidney with negative margins. Final pathology was pT2b with extension of the mass into the renal vein and perirenal adipose tissue. He was discharged soon after surgery. He was recommended to undergo adjuvant chemotherapy.
Topics: Aged; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Fatal Outcome; Flank Pain; Hemangiosarcoma; Humans; Image-Guided Biopsy; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Nephrectomy; Renal Veins
PubMed: 30061122
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-222672 -
Radiology Case Reports Feb 2024Perirenal hematoma is a common complication of traumatism and renal procedures such as nephrostomy, angiography, and lithotripsy. It may constitute a challenging...
Perirenal hematoma is a common complication of traumatism and renal procedures such as nephrostomy, angiography, and lithotripsy. It may constitute a challenging diagnosis in a pre-existing tumor context or in case of an atypical imaging appearance. We present a female patient followed for cervix cancer, who developed bilateral perirenal hematoma with an atypical MRI appearance evoking a malignant tumor. The diagnosis is established by the association of different imaging data (MRI with diffusion and ADC, CT scan without contrast, and CT scan after injection of contrast product). Percutaneous drainage remains the best management option for the perirenal hematoma in hemodynamic stable patients.
PubMed: 38074436
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2023.09.101 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2021Interventional radiology of the male urogenital system includes percutaneous and endovascular procedures, and these last consist mostly of transcatheter arterial... (Review)
Review
Interventional radiology of the male urogenital system includes percutaneous and endovascular procedures, and these last consist mostly of transcatheter arterial embolizations. At the kidney level, arterial embolizations are performed mainly for palliative treatment of parenchymal tumors, for renal traumas and, less frequently, for arteriovenous fistulas and renal aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. These latter may often require emergency intervention as they can cause renal or peri-renal hematomas or significant hematuria. Transcatheter arterial embolization is also an effective therapy for intractable severe bladder hematuria secondary to a number of neoplastic and inflammatory conditions in the pelvis, including unresectable bladder cancer and radiation-induced or cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. Endovascular interventional procedures for the penis are indicated for the treatment of post-traumatic priapism. In this article, we review the main endovascular radiological interventions of the male urogenital system, describing the technical aspects, results, and complications of each procedure at the various anatomical districts.
Topics: Aneurysm, False; Arteriovenous Fistula; Embolization, Therapeutic; Endovascular Procedures; Humans; Male; Radiology, Interventional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33802895
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030278 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Jan 2021The quantification, localization, production, function, and regulation of irisin/FNDC5 in camel species have not been previously studied. The objective of this study was...
The quantification, localization, production, function, and regulation of irisin/FNDC5 in camel species have not been previously studied. The objective of this study was to detect the irisin content in Arabian camel blood and tissues and study the gene expression of FNDC5 and PGC-1α in camel skeletal muscles and white adipose tissue depots under basal conditions. To monitor if exercise influences blood and tissue irisin protein levels as well as FNDC5 and PGC-1α gene expression levels, we analyzed irisin concentrations in the serum, skeletal muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius), and white adipose tissues (hump, subcutaneous, visceral, epididymal, and perirenal) in both control (n = 6) and exercised group (n = 6) using ELISA and determined the cellular localization of irisin/FNDC5 and the mRNA levels of FNDC5 and PGC-1α in skeletal muscles and adipose tissues via immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR, respectively. The possible regulatory roles of exercise on some hormones and metabolites as well as the detection of links between serum irisin and other circulating hormones (insulin, leptin, and cortisol) and metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and ATP) were explored for the first time in camels. Our results indicated that exercise induces tissue-specific regulation of the camel irisin, FNDC5, and PGC-1α levels, which subsequently regulates the circulating irisin level. Significant associations were detected between the levels of irisin/FNDC5/PGC-1α in camels and the metabolic and hormonal responses to exercise. Our study suggested that irisin regulates, or is regulated by, glucose, FFA, insulin, leptin, and cortisol in camels. The novel results of the present study will serve as baseline data for camels.
PubMed: 33424357
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.10.061 -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Oct 2021Perirenal adipose tissue, one of the fat masses surrounding the kidneys, can be obtained from healthy donors during a kidney transplant. Perirenal adipose tissue has... (Review)
Review
Perirenal adipose tissue, one of the fat masses surrounding the kidneys, can be obtained from healthy donors during a kidney transplant. Perirenal adipose tissue has only ever been known as a connective tissue to protect the kidneys and renal blood vessels from external physical stimulation. Yet, recently, as adipose tissue has begun to be considered an endocrine organ, and perirenal adipose tissue is now regarded to have a direct effect on metabolic diseases. The characteristics of perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor are that: (1) There are a large number of brown adipose cells (70-80% of the total), (2) Most of the brown adipose cells are inactive in the resting cell cycle, (3) Activating factors are constant low-temperature exposure, hormones, metastasis factors, and environmental factors, (4) Anatomically, a large number of brown adipose cells are distributed close to the adrenal glands, (5) Beige cells, produced by converting white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes, are highly active, (6) Activated cells secrete BATokines, and (7) Energy consumption efficiency is high. Despite these advantages, all of the perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor is incinerated as medical waste. With a view to its use, this review discusses the brown adipocytes and beige cells in perirenal adipose tissue from a healthy donor, and proposes opportunities for their clinical application.
PubMed: 34768543
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215024 -
Nature Communications Jun 2022Hypertension is a pathological condition of persistent high blood pressure (BP) of which the underlying neural mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that the afferent...
Hypertension is a pathological condition of persistent high blood pressure (BP) of which the underlying neural mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that the afferent nerves in perirenal adipose tissue (PRAT) contribute to maintain pathological high BP, without affecting physiological BP. Bilateral PRAT ablation or denervation leads to a long-term reduction of high BP in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), but has no effect on normal BP in control rats. Further, gain- and loss-of-function and neuron transcriptomics studies show that augmented activities and remodeling of L1-L2 dorsal root ganglia neurons are responsible for hypertension in SHR. Moreover, we went on to show that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a key endogenous suppressor of hypertension that is sequestered by pro-hypertensive PRAT in SHRs. Taken together, we identify PRAT afferent nerves as a pro-hypertensive node that sustains high BP via suppressing CGRP, thereby providing a therapeutic target to tackle primary hypertension.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide; Ganglia, Spinal; Hypertension; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR
PubMed: 35668093
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30868-6 -
Annals of Surgery Feb 1990The management of retroperitoneal hematomas remains confusing to many surgeons because the available literature frequently groups patients with blunt and penetrating... (Review)
Review
The management of retroperitoneal hematomas remains confusing to many surgeons because the available literature frequently groups patients with blunt and penetrating etiologies together. Because the underlying injuries and their treatment may differ considerably, the nonoperative or operative approach to the common hematomas is based on mechanism of injury coupled with hemodynamic status of the patient and extent of associated injuries. After blunt trauma, selected retroperitoneal hematomas in the lateral perirenal and pelvic areas do not require operation and should not be opened if discovered at operation. Midline, lateral paraduodenal, lateral pericolonic not associated with pelvic, and portal hematomas are opened after proximal vascular control has been obtained, if appropriate. Retrohepatic hematomas without obvious active hemorrhage are not opened. After penetrating trauma, most retroperitoneal hematomas are still opened. Exceptions include isolated lateral perirenal hematomas that have been carefully staged by CT and some lateral pericolonic hematomas. As with blunt trauma, retrohepatic hematomas without obvious active hemorrhage are not opened.
Topics: Abdominal Injuries; Hematoma; Humans; Retroperitoneal Space; Therapeutic Irrigation; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 2405790
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199002000-00001