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Acta Psychologica Oct 2019Previous studies have shown that stimuli with subjective salience could affect duration estimation. Although self-referential stimuli possess high biological and social...
Previous studies have shown that stimuli with subjective salience could affect duration estimation. Although self-referential stimuli possess high biological and social importance, no prior study has examined whether and how self-referential information affects duration perception. Experiment 1 used the temporal bisection task to investigate participants' duration estimation of the presentation of their own name versus familiar and unfamiliar names. The results showed that participants overestimated the duration of their own name and became more sensitive to duration perception in such trials when compared with stranger's names. Given the specificity of personal name, Experiment 2 used two types of personality-trait words in self-referential and friend-referential manner as the targets of duration perception. The duration of self-referential negative trait words was perceived to be longer relative to friend-referential negative trait words. The mechanism underlying the subjective time dilation effect of self-referential information possibly involves the engagement of increased attentional resources, which could allow the individual to preserve a certain level of stability and positivity of self-knowledge.
Topics: Adult; Attention; Female; Humans; Male; Names; Random Allocation; Self Concept; Time Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 31707077
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2019.102934 -
The Veterinary Record Mar 2015
Topics: Humans; Names; Societies, Medical; United Kingdom; Veterinarians; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 25820969
DOI: 10.1136/vr.h1650 -
Current Aging Science 2019Recent findings on retrieval of proper names in cognitively healthy middle- aged persons indicate that Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) states occurring during proper name... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Recent findings on retrieval of proper names in cognitively healthy middle- aged persons indicate that Tip-Of-The-Tongue (TOT) states occurring during proper name retrieval implicate inferior frontal (BA 44) and parietal (BA 40) cortical areas. Such findings give rise to the possibility that anatomical connectivity via dorsal white matter may be associated with difficulties in name retrieval in midlife.
OBJECTIVES & METHOD
Using Diffusion Tensor Imaging, we examined in vivo microstructural properties of white matter in 72 cognitively healthy Middle-Aged (MA) and 59 Young Adults (YA), comparing their naming abilities as well as testing, for possible associations between dorsal white matter integrity and naming abilities in the MA group.
RESULTS
The MA group was better in retrieving correct names (U = 1525.5, p = .006), but they also retrieved more incorrect names than YA believing they had retrieved the correct ones (U = 1265.5, p < .001). Furthermore, despite being more familiar with the tested names than YA (U = 930, p < .001), MA experienced significantly more TOTs relative to YA (U = 1498.5, p = .004). Tract-based spatial statistics showed significant group differences in values of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial diffusivity, and mode of anisotropy in a range of white matter tracts. In the MA group, FA values in the right Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus (SLF) were positively correlated with "don't know" scores (rs = .287, p = .014).
CONCLUSION
The association of SLF integrity and name retrieval ability in midlife indicates a need to revisit the models of name retrieval that posit no role for dorsal white matter in proper name retrieval.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Anisotropy; Cohort Studies; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Healthy Aging; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Recall; Middle Aged; Names; Neuropsychological Tests; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; White Matter; Young Adult
PubMed: 31589112
DOI: 10.2174/1874609812666190614110214 -
Forensic Science International. Genetics Mar 2018Co-ancestry of human surnames and Y-chromosomes in most human populations and social groups suggests the possibility of inferring one from the other. However, such an...
Co-ancestry of human surnames and Y-chromosomes in most human populations and social groups suggests the possibility of inferring one from the other. However, such an intuitive perspective remains to be formally explored. In the present study, we develop two computational methods, based on cosine distance (d) and coalescence distance (d) respectively, to infer surnames from Y-STR profiles. We also survey Y-STR variations at 15 loci for 19,009 individuals of Shandong Province in China. For a total of 266 surnames included in the data set, our methods can pinpoint to a single surname with an average accuracy of 65%, and with an average accuracy higher than 80% when providing >4 candidate surnames. We also demonstrate that increasing the sample size of surnames and the number of STR loci improves the accuracy of surname inference. Our results indicate that the 15 non-duplicated Y-STR loci contain information from which surname can be reliably inferred for Chinese populations, showing a promising application in forensics.
Topics: Asian People; China; Chromosomes, Human, Y; DNA Fingerprinting; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Models, Genetic; Names
PubMed: 29197717
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.11.014 -
The Journal of Manual & Manipulative... Aug 2021
What is in a Name? Perhaps your Professional Identity and Practice - A Call to Maintain IFOMPT as the International Federation of Orthopedic Manipulative Physical Therapists.
Topics: Humans; Names; Orthopedics; Physical Therapists; Social Identification
PubMed: 34378490
DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2021.1955518 -
Journal of Psychiatric Research Nov 2022The temperament and character dimensions of personality appear to be networking structures that interact nonlinearly. Previous studies have attempted to classify...
BACKGROUND
The temperament and character dimensions of personality appear to be networking structures that interact nonlinearly. Previous studies have attempted to classify temperament and character subtypes using a person-centered approach but have been unable to explore the relationship between the combination of temperament and character and psychopathology patterns in a transdiagnostic sample. The purpose of this study was to examine how symptomatology patterns differ according to individuals' personality profiles, employing a psychobiological model in a transdiagnostic psychiatric sample.
METHODS
Participants were 1881 patients who visited the psychiatry department of a major medical hospital in Seoul, Korea, and completed both the Temperament Character Inventory (TCI) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructed Form (MMPI-2-RF) as part of their psychological evaluation. We performed two separate latent profile analyses using four temperament and four character indicators of the TCI to identify personality profiles and nine restructured clinical scales of the MMPI-2-RF to identify symptom patterns.
RESULTS
Five personality classes emerged: "vulnerable-maladaptive," "stable-adaptive," "average," "inhibited-neurotic," and "impulsive-irrational." Moreover, six symptom classes emerged: "non-distressed," "depressed," "emotionally-distressed," "average," "dysfunctional thoughts," and "confused." The personality profiles comprising a combination of rigid temperament and immature character were related to patterns of more severe subjective pain and symptoms. However, profiles with less rigid temperament and less immature character exhibited more diverse symptom patterns.
CONCLUSIONS
This study examined the relationship between personality profiles and symptomatology patterns, suggesting that understanding patients' personality profiles may be helpful in predicting symptom manifestation and establishing treatment plans.
Topics: Character; Humans; MMPI; Pain; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Temperament
PubMed: 36179415
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.09.031 -
Scientific Data Mar 2018We introduce a list that offers information on the relation between first names and race or ethnicity. Drawing information from mortgage applications, the list includes...
We introduce a list that offers information on the relation between first names and race or ethnicity. Drawing information from mortgage applications, the list includes 4,250 first names and information on their respective count and proportions across six mutually exclusive racial and Hispanic origin groups. These six categories are consistent with the categories used in the Census Bureau's list on surnames' demographic information. Also, just like the Census Bureau's list of surnames, the list of first names is highly aggregated, so as to not identify any specific individuals.
Topics: Demography; Humans; Names; Racial Groups
PubMed: 29509189
DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.25 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria Feb 2018Augusta Marie Déjerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) was a formidable neurologist, neuroanatomist and researcher in France. One of the first women to be accepted for medical...
Augusta Marie Déjerine-Klumpke (1859-1927) was a formidable neurologist, neuroanatomist and researcher in France. One of the first women to be accepted for medical internship, externship and research in Paris, Augusta made her name studying and teaching anatomy, histology and dissection, attending clinical activities in neurology, obstetrics, pediatrics and neurologic trauma, performing necropsies, and writing scientific papers and book chapters. Her main research in neurology awarded her an eponym for the avulsion of the lowest root of the brachial plexus (Klumpke's palsy). Married to her professor, the remarkable Dr. Joseph Jules Déjerine, Augusta continued her career and became the first female president of the French Society of Neurology.
Topics: Brachial Plexus Neuropathies; Eponyms; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Neuroanatomy; Neurologists; Neurology; Paris; Physicians, Women
PubMed: 29489967
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X20170185 -
PloS One 2018Chosen names reflect changes in societal values, personal tastes and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting...
Chosen names reflect changes in societal values, personal tastes and cultural diversity. Vogues in name usage can be easily shown on a case by case basis, by plotting the rise and fall in their popularity over time. However, individual name choices are not made in isolation and trends in naming are better understood as group-level phenomena. Here we use network analysis to examine onomastic (name) datasets in order to explore the influences on name choices within the UK over the last 170 years. Using a large representative sample of approximately 22 million forenames from England and Wales given between 1838 and 2014, along with a complete population sample of births registered between 1996 and 2016, we demonstrate how trends in name usage can be visualised as network graphs. By exploring the structure of these graphs various patterns of name use become apparent, a consequence of external social forces, such as migration, operating in concert with internal mechanisms of change. In general, we show that the topology of network graphs can reveal naming vogues, and that naming vogues in part reflect social and demographic changes. Many name choices are consistent with a self-correcting feedback loop, whereby rarer names become common because there are virtues perceived in their rarity, yet with these perceived virtues lost upon increasing commonality. Towards the present day, we can speculate that the comparatively greater range of media, freedom of movement, and ability to maintain globally-distributed social networks increases the number of possible names, but also ensures they may more quickly be perceived as commonplace. Consequently, contemporary naming vogues are relatively short-lived with many name choices appearing a balance struck between recognisability and rarity. The data are available in multiple forms including via an easy-to-use web interface at http://demos.flourish.studio/namehistory.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Demography; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Male; Names; Socioeconomic Factors; United Kingdom
PubMed: 30379928
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205759 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Apr 2021Discrimination based on ethnic background and the use of terminology like 'Negro Race' in clinical practice guidelines have been criticized, also in this journal....
Discrimination based on ethnic background and the use of terminology like 'Negro Race' in clinical practice guidelines have been criticized, also in this journal. Typical Dutch words 'allochtonen', 'non-western', 'Creools' and 'Hindostan' are unspecific or could also offend people. Nevertheless, there are health risks related to ethnic background. Healthcare improves when health professionals would consider these, contributing to person centred cultural sensitive care. Therefore, we aimed to start a discussion about which acceptable terminologies should be used to describe ethnic differences in guidelines and research. We suggest that terminologies use to describe ethnic minority groups should be as precise as possible and should not be offensive, for instance 'migration background' instead of allochtoon, and 'African-Surinamese' instead of Creool. We invite guideline developers, researchers and people of different ethnic background, to join this discussion.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Minority Groups; Names; Netherlands; Prejudice; Professional-Patient Relations; Social Identification; Social Perception
PubMed: 33914431
DOI: No ID Found