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The Journal of Adolescent Health :... Oct 2018This study aimed to examine the relation between chosen name use, as a proxy for youths' gender affirmation in various contexts, and mental health among transgender...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to examine the relation between chosen name use, as a proxy for youths' gender affirmation in various contexts, and mental health among transgender youth.
METHODS
Data come from a community cohort sample of 129 transgender and gender nonconforming youth from three U.S. cities. We assessed chosen name use across multiple contexts and examined its association with depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior.
RESULTS
After adjusting for personal characteristics and social support, chosen name use in more contexts was associated with lower depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior. Depression, suicidal ideation, and suicidal behavior were lowest when chosen names could be used in all four contexts.
CONCLUSION
For transgender youth who choose a name different from the one given at birth, use of their chosen name in multiple contexts affirms their gender identity and reduces mental health risks known to be high in this group.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Social Support; Suicidal Ideation; Transgender Persons; Young Adult
PubMed: 29609917
DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.02.003 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Jan 2013
Topics: Humans; Interprofessional Relations; Medical Staff, Hospital; Names; Personnel, Hospital; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 22722976
DOI: 10.1007/s11606-012-2125-2 -
Cancer Treatment and Research... 2022Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However,... (Review)
Review
Eponyms have been traditionally used in the field of medicine to honor the contributions of an individual or group of individuals in understanding a disease. However, many eponyms have come under scrutiny given the personal backgrounds of individuals for whom they intend to honor. As we previously reviewed commonly used eponyms in medical oncology, we now aim to review commonly used eponyms in malignant hematology in order to highlight the individuals for whom they are named after. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of each disease, epidemiology, and the historical background for the individual or individuals for which the eponym honors.
Topics: Eponyms; Hematology; Humans
PubMed: 35835706
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2022.100594 -
BMC Nephrology Apr 2019Natalina Tomilina, a pioneer of Russian nephrology, is a clinician, researcher, teacher, organizer, leader, and a real pioneer, who has worked in nephrology from the...
Natalina Tomilina, a pioneer of Russian nephrology, is a clinician, researcher, teacher, organizer, leader, and a real pioneer, who has worked in nephrology from the very beginning of its development in Russia and continues to inspire new generations of Russian nephrologists. Her interests are very broad: from the physiology and pathophysiology of water and electrolyte balance and tubular dysfunctions to the management of transplant rejection, and from nephropathology to the treatment of idiopathic glomerulonephritis and ANCA-associated vasculitis…. to name a few. She implemented peritoneal dialysis, started first ICU for kidney patients in Russia, opened the door for the international communications, initiated a registry of the patients receiving RRT, and she never stopped seeing patients with kidney problems. In the interview on can find not only the story of her professional life, but also standpoint and philosophy of a great personality. Answering the question about emigration she said: "I never wanted to leave - I have to work at home, where I know and understand almost everything about my patients. Don't talk about prosperity, prosperous life sooner or later becomes boring. Prosperity is not the main point, and this is not prosperity, what gives you satisfaction. I feel that one should live in the place where he or she has an opportunity for personal fulfillment ad maximum". Her personal fulfillment is 100 % indeed.
Topics: Empowerment; Humans; Leadership; Nephrology; Physicians, Women; Russia
PubMed: 30935367
DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1303-4 -
Psychosomatic Medicine Jan 2009
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Behavioral Medicine; Data Collection; Diagnostic Errors; Factitious Disorders; Medicine; Names; Periodicals as Topic; Physicians; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Psychophysiology; Psychosomatic Medicine; Somatoform Disorders; Specialization; United States
PubMed: 19124618
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181954848 -
Journal of the American Medical... 2014To understand the factors that influence success in scrubbing personal names from narrative text. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To understand the factors that influence success in scrubbing personal names from narrative text.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We developed a scrubber, the NLM Name Scrubber (NLM-NS), to redact personal names from narrative clinical reports, hand tagged words in a set of gold standard narrative reports as personal names or not, and measured the scrubbing success of NLM-NS and that of four other scrubbing/name recognition tools (MIST, MITdeid, LingPipe, and ANNIE/GATE) against the gold standard reports. We ran three comparisons which used increasingly larger name lists.
RESULTS
The test reports contained more than 1 million words, of which 2388 were patient and 20,160 were provider name tokens. NLM-NS failed to scrub only 2 of the 2388 instances of patient name tokens. Its sensitivity was 0.999 on both patient and provider name tokens and missed fewer instances of patient name tokens in all comparisons with other scrubbers. MIST produced the best all token specificity and F-measure for name instances in our most relevant study (study 2), with values of 0.997 and 0.938, respectively. In that same comparison, NLM-NS was second best, with values of 0.986 and 0.748, respectively, and MITdeid was a close third, with values of 0.985 and 0.796 respectively. With the addition of the Clinical Center name list to their native name lists, Ling Pipe, MITdeid, MIST, and ANNIE/GATE all improved substantially. MITdeid and Ling Pipe gained the most--reaching patient name sensitivity of 0.995 (F-measure=0.705) and 0.989 (F-measure=0.386), respectively.
DISCUSSION
The privacy risk due to two name tokens missed by NLM-NS was statistically negligible, since neither individual could be distinguished among more than 150,000 people listed in the US Social Security Registry.
CONCLUSIONS
The nature and size of name lists have substantial influences on scrubbing success. The use of very large name lists with frequency statistics accounts for much of NLM-NS scrubbing success.
Topics: Confidentiality; Electronic Health Records; Humans; Names; National Library of Medicine (U.S.); Natural Language Processing; United States
PubMed: 24026308
DOI: 10.1136/amiajnl-2013-001689 -
Clinical & Experimental Optometry Sep 2018
Topics: Australia; Awards and Prizes; Biomedical Research; Eponyms; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Optometrists; Optometry; Parent-Child Relations; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 30153706
DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12816 -
Clinical Medicine & Research Aug 2020Percussion and auscultation are derived from the Latin words to touch and hear, respectively. Covered are abdominal percussion signs and ausculatory signs discovered... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Percussion and auscultation are derived from the Latin words to touch and hear, respectively. Covered are abdominal percussion signs and ausculatory signs discovered from 1924 to 1980. Signs ascribed as medical eponyms pay homage to these physicians who provided new and unique insights into disease.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Medline, online Internet word searches, textbooks, and references from other source text. PubMed was searched using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) of the name of the eponyms and text words associated with the sign.
CONCLUSION
Many of these signs have been discarded because of modern imaging and diagnostic techniques. When combined with a high clinical suspicion, positive results using percussion combined with palpation is a useful bedside technique in detecting splenic enlargement. Thus, some of these maneuvers remain important bedside techniques that skilled practitioners should master, and along with a meaningful history, provide relevant information to diagnosis. It is through learning about these signs that we gain a sense of humility on the difficulty physicians faced prior to the advent of techniques that now allow us an easier way to visualize and diagnose the underlying disease processes.
Topics: Eponyms; History, 20th Century; Humans; Palpation; Percussion; Physicians
PubMed: 31324737
DOI: 10.3121/cmr.2018.1429 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2022We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession...
We often fail to recall another person's name. Proper names might be more difficult to memorize and retrieve than other pieces of knowledge, such as one's profession because they are processed differently in the brain. Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies associate the bilateral anterior temporal lobes (ATL) in the retrieval of proper names and other person-related knowledge. Specifically, recalling a person's name is thought to be supported by the left ATL, whereas recalling specific information such as a person's occupation is suggested to be subserved by the right ATL. To clarify and further explore the causal relationship between both ATLs and proper name retrieval, we stimulated these regions with anodal, cathodal and sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) while the participants memorized surnames (e.g., Mr. Baker) and professions (e.g., baker) presented with a person's face. The participants were then later asked to recall the surname and the profession. Left ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher intrusion errors for surnames than sham, whereas right ATL anodal stimulation resulted in higher overall intrusion errors, both, surnames and professions, compared to cathodal stimulation. Cathodal stimulation of the left and right ATL had no significant effect on surname and profession recall. The results indicate that the left ATL plays a role in recalling proper names. On the other hand, the specific role of the right ATL remaines to be explored.
Topics: Face; Humans; Mental Recall; Names; Temporal Lobe; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
PubMed: 35388106
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09781-x -
BMJ Health & Care Informatics Dec 2021Different stakeholders may hold varying attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare, which may constrain their acceptance if AI developers... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Different stakeholders may hold varying attitudes towards artificial intelligence (AI) applications in healthcare, which may constrain their acceptance if AI developers fail to take them into account. We set out to ascertain evidence of the attitudes of clinicians, consumers, managers, researchers, regulators and industry towards AI applications in healthcare.
METHODS
We undertook an exploratory analysis of articles whose titles or abstracts contained the terms 'artificial intelligence' or 'AI' and 'medical' or 'healthcare' and 'attitudes', 'perceptions', 'opinions', 'views', 'expectations'. Using a snowballing strategy, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published 1 January 2010 through 31 May 2021. We selected articles relating to non-robotic clinician-facing AI applications used to support healthcare-related tasks or decision-making.
RESULTS
Across 27 studies, attitudes towards AI applications in healthcare, in general, were positive, more so for those with direct experience of AI, but provided certain safeguards were met. AI applications which automated data interpretation and synthesis were regarded more favourably by clinicians and consumers than those that directly influenced clinical decisions or potentially impacted clinician-patient relationships. Privacy breaches and personal liability for AI-related error worried clinicians, while loss of clinician oversight and inability to fully share in decision-making worried consumers. Both clinicians and consumers wanted AI-generated advice to be trustworthy, while industry groups emphasised AI benefits and wanted more data, funding and regulatory certainty.
DISCUSSION
Certain expectations of AI applications were common to many stakeholder groups from which a set of dependencies can be defined.
CONCLUSION
Stakeholders differ in some but not all of their attitudes towards AI. Those developing and implementing applications should consider policies and processes that bridge attitudinal disconnects between different stakeholders.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Attitude; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Names
PubMed: 34887331
DOI: 10.1136/bmjhci-2021-100450