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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023tolerates the dry and frigid climate of Beijing, China, and effectively filters out particles during the winter. However, fungal infestation frequently causes extreme...
tolerates the dry and frigid climate of Beijing, China, and effectively filters out particles during the winter. However, fungal infestation frequently causes extreme illness and can even lead to shrub death. In this study, 104 diseased specimens were collected from seven districts in Beijing. Seventy-nine isolates were identified as 22 fungal species in seven genera. The species were , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and . On the basis of morphological and phylogenetic analyses, , , , and were introduced as novel species. , , and were subsequently confirmed as pathogens of leaves by pathogenicity testing. This study provides an important assessment of the fungi associated with diseases of in Beijing, China.
PubMed: 36836386
DOI: 10.3390/jof9020271 -
Plant Disease Oct 2019Several -like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the...
Several -like species cause gray blight disease in tea plants, resulting in severe tea production losses. However, systematic and comprehensive research on the diversity, geographical distribution, and pathogenicity of pathogenic species associated with tea plants in China is limited. In this study, 168 -like isolates were obtained from diseased tea plant leaves from 13 primary tea-producing provinces and cities in China. Based on a multilocus (internal transcribed spacer, translation elongation factor 1-α, and β-tubulin gene region) phylogenetic analysis coupled with an assessment of conidial characteristics, 20 unclassified isolates, seven species, including two novel ( and ), four known (, , , and ) and one indistinguishable species, and three species, including two known ( and ) and one indistinguishable species, were identified. This study is the first to evaluate on tea plants in China. The geographical distribution and pathogenicity tests showed to be the dominant cause of gray blight of tea plants in China. In vitro antifungal assays demonstrated that theobromine not only derepressed mycelial growth of the 29 representative isolates but also increased their growth. Correlation analysis revealed a linear positive relationship between the mycelial growth rate and pathogenicity ( = 0.0148).
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodiversity; Camellia sinensis; China; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Species Specificity; Virulence
PubMed: 31432774
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-19-0264-RE -
BMC Microbiology May 2023To explore the community composition and diversity of the endophytic fungi in Taxillus chinensis, samples of the parasites growing on seven different hosts, Morus alba,...
BACKGROUND
To explore the community composition and diversity of the endophytic fungi in Taxillus chinensis, samples of the parasites growing on seven different hosts, Morus alba, Prunus salicina, Phellodendron chinense, Bauhinia purpurea, Dalbergia odorifera, Diospyros kaki and Dimocarpus longan, were isolated. The strains were identified by their morphological characteristics and their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences.
RESULTS
150 different endophytic fungi were isolated from the haustorial roots of the seven hosts with a total isolation rate of 61.24%. These endophytic fungi were found to belong to 1 phylum, 2 classes, 7 orders, 9 families, 11 genera and 8 species. Among of them, Pestalotiopsis, Neopestalotiopsis and Diaporthe were the dominant genera, accounting for 26.67, 17.33 and 31.33% of the total number of strains, respectively. Diversity and similarity analyses showed that the endophytic fungi isolated from D. longan (H'=1.60) had the highest diversity index. The highest richness indexes were found in M. alba and D. odorifera (both 2.23). The evenness index of D. longan was the highest (0.82). The similarity coefficient of D. odorifera was the most similar to D. longan and M. alba (33.33%), while the similarity coefficient of P. chinense was the lowest (7.69%) with M. alba and D. odorifera. Nine strains showed antimicrobial activities. Among them, Pestalotiopsis sp., N. parvum and H. investiens showed significant antifungal activity against three fungal phytopathogens of medicinal plants. At the same time, the crude extracts from the metabolites of the three endophytic fungi had strong inhibitory effects on the three pathogens. Pestalotiopsis sp., N. parvum and H. investiens had the strongest inhibitory effects of S. cucurbitacearum, with inhibitory rates of 100%, 100% and 81.51%, respectively. In addition, N. parvum had a strong inhibitory effect on D. glomerata and C. cassicola, with inhibitory rates of 82.35% and 72.80%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that the species composition and diversity of endophytic fungi in the branches of T. chinensis were varied in the different hosts and showed good antimicrobial potential in the control of plant pathogens.
Topics: Humans; Fungi; Loranthaceae; Endophytes; Biodiversity; Anti-Infective Agents; Phylogeny
PubMed: 37173641
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02878-x -
Polish Journal of Microbiology Jun 2021sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen . To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of sp.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen . To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of sp. strain PG52 was assembled into 335 scaffolds and had a size of 58.01 Mb. A total of 20,023 predicted genes and proteins were annotated. This study compared PG52 with the mycoparasites , , and . This study reveals the entirely different mycoparasitism mechanism of compared to and reveals this mycoparasite's strong ability to produce secondary metabolites.
Topics: Genome, Fungal; Pestalotiopsis; Trichoderma
PubMed: 34349810
DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2021-016 -
MSystems Apr 2022Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated...
Transcriptional Profiles of a Foliar Fungal Endophyte (, Ascomycota) and Its Bacterial Symbiont (, ) Reveal Sulfur Exchange and Growth Regulation during Early Phases of Symbiotic Interaction.
Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated fungi, including diverse Mucoromycota and Dikarya. sp. strain 9143 is a filamentous ascomycete isolated originally as a foliar endophyte of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae). It is infected naturally with the endohyphal bacterium sp. strain 9143, which influences auxin and enzyme production by its fungal host. Previous studies have used transcriptomics to examine similar symbioses between endohyphal bacteria and root-associated fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. However, currently there are no gene expression studies of endohyphal bacteria of Ascomycota, the most species-rich fungal phylum. To begin to understand such symbioses, we developed methods for assessing gene expression by sp. and sp. when grown in coculture and when each was grown axenically. Our assays showed that the density of sp. in coculture was greater than in axenic culture, but the opposite was true for sp. Dual-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data demonstrate that growing in coculture modulates developmental and metabolic processes in both the fungus and bacterium, potentially through changes in the balance of organic sulfur via methionine acquisition. Our analyses also suggest an unexpected, potential role of the bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment, expanding current understanding of the scope and dynamics of fungal-bacterial symbioses. Interactions between microbes and their hosts have important outcomes for host and environmental health. Foliar fungal endophytes that infect healthy plants can harbor facultative endosymbionts called endohyphal bacteria, which can influence the outcome of plant-fungus interactions. These bacterial-fungal interactions can be influential but are poorly understood, particularly from a transcriptome perspective. Here, we report on a comparative, dual-RNA-seq study examining the gene expression patterns of a foliar fungal endophyte and a facultative endohyphal bacterium when cultured together versus separately. Our findings support a role for the fungus in providing organic sulfur to the bacterium, potentially through methionine acquisition, and the potential involvement of a bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment. This work adds to the growing body of literature characterizing endohyphal bacterial-fungal interactions, with a focus on a model facultative bacterial-fungal symbiosis in two species-rich lineages, the Ascomycota and .
Topics: Symbiosis; Endophytes; Pestalotiopsis; Gammaproteobacteria; Type VI Secretion Systems; Ascomycota; Bacteria; Fungi, Unclassified; Xanthomonadaceae; Plants; Methionine
PubMed: 35293790
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00091-22 -
Plant Disease Jan 2018Common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit tree of global economic importance. It is grown in Asia, South and Central America, and Hawaii for its exquisite aroma and...
Common guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a fruit tree of global economic importance. It is grown in Asia, South and Central America, and Hawaii for its exquisite aroma and flavor, and nutritional and medical properties. However, guava production is limited by guava scab, caused by fungi in the Pestalotiopsis genus. Characteristic symptoms of guava scab are corky, ovoid or round lesions on fruit surfaces. These lesions may thicken, affecting the flesh below and reducing fruit quality and commercial value. We characterized 81 isolates isolated from guava scab lesions on guava leaves and fruit in different regions of Colombia, and identified them as Pestalotiopsis and Neopestalotiopsis spp. We analyzed the morphology, pathogenicity, and genetic diversity of the isolates based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and elongation factor genes. Isolates were morphologically, pathogenically, and genetically diverse but the diversity did not correlate with geographical origin, or guava cultivar or tissue from which the isolates were recovered. Selected monosporic isolates included in the multiple-gene analysis were identified as belonging to two genera: Neopestalotiopsis (65 isolates with versicolorous conidia) and Pestalotiopsis (4 isolates with concolorous conidia).
Topics: Colombia; Fruit; Genes, Fungal; Genetic Variation; Plant Diseases; Plant Leaves; Psidium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Xylariales
PubMed: 30673452
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-01-17-0068-RE -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Leaf litter is an essential functional aspect of forest ecosystems, acting as a source of organic matter, a protective layer in forest soils, and a nurturing habitat for...
Leaf litter is an essential functional aspect of forest ecosystems, acting as a source of organic matter, a protective layer in forest soils, and a nurturing habitat for micro- and macro-organisms. Through their successional occurrence, litter-inhabiting microfungi play a key role in litter decomposition and nutrient recycling. Despite their importance in terrestrial ecosystems and their abundance and diversity, information on the taxonomy, diversity, and host preference of these decomposer taxa is scarce. This study aims to clarify the taxonomy and phylogeny of four saprobic fungal taxa inhabiting leaf litter. Leaf litter samples were collected from Doi Inthanon National Park in Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Fungal isolates were characterized based on morphology and molecular phylogeny of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS, LSU) and protein-coding genes (, , ). One novel saprobic species, , and two new host records, and , are introduced. The newly described taxa are compared with similar species, and comprehensive descriptions, micrographs, and phylogenetic trees are provided.
PubMed: 37367561
DOI: 10.3390/jof9060625 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Dec 2022Gray blight, a fungal disease caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species, is a widespread disease affecting tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in many tea-growing...
Gray blight, a fungal disease caused by Pestalotiopsis-like species, is a widespread disease affecting tea crop (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) in many tea-growing countries, including India, resulting in huge losses in tea production. In India, several studies have been conducted to understand the fungal diseases of tea crop, but gray blight has not been well described in major tea growing areas such as in North Bengal, based on its geographic distribution, molecular analysis, or pathogenicity, and even fungicide resistance. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the causative agents of gray blight disease in symptomatic leaf sample of tea crop collected from 27 tea gardens located in North Bengal, India and to evaluate some common fungicides against them in order to understand the resistance mechanism. In this study, we characterized Pestalotiopsis-like species based on the phylogenies of DNA sequences (internal transcribed spacers) and assessment of conidial characteristics. The study revealed that out of 27 isolates of gray blight pathogens, 17 belonged to the genus Pseudopestalotiopsis (Ps.), six isolates were Neopestalotiopsis, and four were Pestalotiopsis. Two novel species, Ps. thailandica and N. natalensis were introduced through this study. The most frequently isolated genus from C. chinensis was Pseudopestalotiopsis. Pathogenicity tests showed that the isolates displayed significantly different virulence when inoculated onto wounded tea leaves and the mycelial growth rate was positively correlated with pathogenicity (P < 0.01). Based on the 13 ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers used and principal coordinate analysis, it was found that isolates were very diverse. Out of 27 isolates, IND0P2, DLG0P10, and BHAT0P11 isolates were insensitive against both MBC + M3 (Carbendazim + Mancozeb) and DMI (Hexaconazole) fungicides, while isolates SANY0P18, PAHG0P19, RANG0P24, and SING0P25 were insensitive only against MBC + M3 fungicide. Further, these insensitive isolates were grouped into separate clusters by ISSR, indicating their distinctiveness. However, all the evaluated isolates were susceptible to M1 (copper oxychloride) and another DMI (propiconazole) fungicides. Therefore, to manage gray blight, fungicide resistance management strategies as recommended by Fungicide Resistance Action Committee should be implemented.
Topics: Fungicides, Industrial; Pestalotiopsis; Plant Diseases; Camellia sinensis; Xylariales; Tea
PubMed: 36469148
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03474-3 -
Persoonia Dec 2022() is an important ornamental and medicinal plant genus worldwide, with several species being cultivated in China. Members of (pestalotioid fungi) are globally...
() is an important ornamental and medicinal plant genus worldwide, with several species being cultivated in China. Members of (pestalotioid fungi) are globally distributed and include endophytes, saprobes but also plant pathogens, infecting a broad range of host plants on which they can cause important plant diseases. Although several species were recorded to inhabit spp., the taxa occurring on remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 295 diseased samples were collected from branches, fruits, leaves and spines of eight species (. , . , . , . , . , . , . and . ) in Gansu, Henan, Hunan, Qinghai, Shaanxi Provinces and the Ningxia Autonomous Region of China. Subsequently 126 strains were obtained and identified based on comparisons of DNA sequence data. Based on these results 15 species residing in six genera of were delineated, including four known species (, . , and . ) and 11 new species described here as , , . , , , . , . , . , , , and . . This study also represents the first report of . , . and . on . The overall data revealed that was the most prevalent genus, followed by , while . and . were the two most prevalent species. Analysis of abundance on species and plant organs revealed that spines of . had the highest species diversity. : Peng C, Crous PW, Jiang N, et al. 2022. Diversity of Sporocadaceae (pestalotioid fungi) from Rosa in China. Persoonia 49: 201-260. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07.
PubMed: 38234377
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.07 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased...
Black spot needle blight is a serious conifer disease of var. occurring in Northeast China, which is usually caused by the plant pathogenic fungus . From the diseased pine needles collected in Honghuaerji, the strain YJ-3 was isolated and identified as the phytopathogen, and its culture characteristics were studied. Then, we generated a highly contiguous 48.36-Mbp genome assembly (N50 = 6.62 Mbp) of the strain YJ-3 by combining the PacBio RS II Single Molecule Real Time (SMRT) and Illumina HiSeq X Ten sequencing platforms. The results showed that a total of 13,667 protein-coding genes were predicted and annotated using multiple bioinformatics databases. The genome assembly and annotation resource reported here will be useful for the study of fungal infection mechanisms and pathogen-host interaction.
PubMed: 37233276
DOI: 10.3390/jof9050564