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Studies in Mycology Sep 2014Species of Pestalotiopsis occur commonly as plant pathogens, and represent a fungal group known to produce a wide range of chemically novel, diverse metabolites. In the...
Species of Pestalotiopsis occur commonly as plant pathogens, and represent a fungal group known to produce a wide range of chemically novel, diverse metabolites. In the present study, we investigated 91 Pestalotiopsis isolates from the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre (CBS) culture collection. The phylogeny of the Amphisphaeriaceae was constructed based on analysis of 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) sequence data, and taxonomic changes are proposed to reflect more natural groupings. We combined morphological and DNA data, and segregated two novel genera from Pestalotiopsis, namely Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis. The three genera are easily distinguishable on the basis of their conidiogenous cells and colour of their median conidial cells. We coupled morphological and combined sequence data of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), partial β-tubulin (TUB) and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) gene regions, which revealed 30 clades in Neopestalotiopsis and 43 clades in Pestalotiopsis. Based on these data, 11 new species are introduced in Neopestalotiopsis, 24 in Pestalotiopsis, and two in Pseudopestalotiopsis. Several new combinations are proposed to emend monophyly of Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis.
PubMed: 25492988
DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.005 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites... (Review)
Review
species have gained attention thanks to their structurally complex and biologically active secondary metabolites. In past decades, several new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified. Their bioactivities were tested, including anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and nematicidal activity. Since the previous review published in 2014, new secondary metabolites were isolated and identified from species and unidentified strains. This review gathered published articles from 2014 to 2021 and focused on 239 new secondary metabolites and their bioactivities. To date, 384 species have been discovered in diverse ecological habitats, with the majority of them unstudied. Some may contain secondary metabolites with unique bioactivities that might benefit pharmacology.
Topics: Pestalotiopsis; Antifungal Agents; Ecosystem
PubMed: 36432188
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228088 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2022is a family of flowering plants widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Species of are well-known agents of...
is a family of flowering plants widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, including deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs. Species of are well-known agents of leaf spot diseases, but targeted sampling on is still missing. To determine the diversity of species associated with leaf spot in China, investigations were conducted in the main areas of distribution from 2016 to 2021. Diseased leaf tissues were collected, and fungal isolates were obtained from leaf spots. In the present study, 43 isolates of were studied based on combined morphology and phylogeny. As a result, 10 new species were identified, , , , , , , , , , , and , and six new host records were recognized. is a common fungal genus inhabiting plant tissues as endophytes, pathogens, and saprophytes. is a plant family including many important tree species, such as and spp. In this study, diseased leaves of in China were investigated, and 16 species were identified based on morphology and phylogeny of combined loci of internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-α (), and the beta-tubulin () genes. Among these, 10 new species were found, and six new host records were revealed. Our study significantly updates the taxonomy of and enhances our understanding of leaf diseases of hosts.
Topics: Pestalotiopsis; Fagaceae; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; Ascomycota; China
PubMed: 36354327
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03272-22 -
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety... Dec 2023Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( grafted on ) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a...
Following an EFSA commodity risk assessment of bonsai plants ( grafted on ) imported from China, the EFSA Plant Health Panel performed a pest categorisation of a clearly defined plant pathogenic fungus of the family Pestalotiopsidaceae. The pathogen was reported on a wide range of monocotyledonous, dicotyledonous and gymnosperms, either cultivated or wild plant species, causing various symptoms such as leaf spot, leaf blight, scabby canker, fruit spot, pre- and post-harvest fruit rot and root rot. In addition, the fungus was reported as an endophyte on a wide range of asymptomatic plant species. This pest categorisation focuses on the hosts that are relevant for the EU and for which there is robust evidence that the pathogen was formally identified by a combination of morphology, pathogenicity and multilocus sequencing analyses. was reported in Africa, North, Central and South America, Asia and Oceania. In the EU, it was reported in the Netherlands. There is a key uncertainty on the geographical distribution of worldwide and in the EU, because of the endophytic nature of the fungus, the lack of surveys, and because in the past, when molecular tools were not fully developed, the pathogen might have been misidentified as other species or other members of the Pestalodiopsidaceae family based on morphology and pathogenicity tests. is not included in Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. Plants for planting, fresh fruits, bark and wood of host plants as well as soil and other growing media associated with plant debris are the main pathways for the entry of the pathogen into the EU. Host availability and climate suitability in parts of the EU are favourable for the establishment and spread of the pathogen. The introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU are expected to have an economic and environmental impact where susceptible hosts are grown. Phytosanitary measures are available to prevent the introduction and spread of the pathogen into the EU. Unless the restricted distribution in the EU is disproven, satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for this species to be regarded as potential Union quarantine pest.
PubMed: 38130321
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8493 -
Persoonia Jul 2022Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , , and on soil, from stem cankers of , from stem of , and from...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , , and on soil, from stem cankers of , from stem of , and from leaves of , as endophyte from roots of , from stem of , from leaves of × and from roots of , from intertidal wood and (incl. gen. nov.) on buds of , from a bark beetle gallery on and (incl. gen. nov.) from wood of , and (incl. gen. nov.) from bore dust of feeding on wood, (incl. gen. nov.) endophytic in roots of and on soil. , on soil and from soil. , from , on soil. , (incl. gen. nov.), and on dead culms of , on and (incl. gen. nov.) on , on dead culm of , on stems of , on dead culm of undetermined , (incl. gen. nov.) on dead leaves of and (incl. gen. nov.) on dead twigs of , from sand grains attached to a piece of driftwood on a sandy beach. , on the base of living and amongst dead leaves of and herbs. , (incl. gen. nov.) on living leaves of sp. and on twigs of , on soil, endophytic in roots of , on soil, from fluvial sediments, from a dead twig of , and in soil. , , and on soil. , , and on soil. , on overwintered stems of , from living leaves of and from a minute mushroom sporocarp. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Boers J, Holdom D, et al. 2022. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1383-1435. Persoonia 48: 261-371. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.08.
PubMed: 38234686
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2023.48.08 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022causes crown rot in wheat. This study aimed to assess the effects of the bacterial strain QTH8 isolated from rhizosphere soil against . Bacterial strain QTH8 was...
causes crown rot in wheat. This study aimed to assess the effects of the bacterial strain QTH8 isolated from rhizosphere soil against . Bacterial strain QTH8 was identified as in accordance with the phenotypic traits and the phylogenetic analysis of 16S rDNA and gene sequence. Culture filtrates of bacterial strain QTH8 inhibited the mycelial growth of and resulted in mycelial malformation such as tumor formation, protoplast condensation, and mycelial fracture. In addition, bacterial strain QTH8 also inhibited the mycelial growth of , sp., , , , , , and . The active compounds produced by bacterial strain QTH8 were resistant to pH, ultraviolet irradiation, and low temperature, and were relatively sensitive to high temperature. After 4 h exposure, culture filtrates of bacterial strain QTH8-when applied at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%-significantly reduced conidial germination of . The coleoptile infection assay proved that bacterial strain QTH8 reduced the disease index of wheat crown rot. In vivo application of QTH8 to wheat seedlings decreased the disease index of wheat crown rot and increased root length, plant height, and fresh weight. Iturin, surfactin, and fengycin were detected in the culture extract of bacterial strain QTH8 by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Bacterial strain QTH8 was identified for the presence of the , , , , , , and genes using the specific polymerase chain reaction primers. QTH8 has a vital potential for the sustainable biocontrol of wheat crown rot.
PubMed: 35631116
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050595 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022In the tobacco phyllosphere, some of the microbes may have detrimental effects on plant health, while many may be neutral or even beneficial. Some cannot be cultivated,...
In the tobacco phyllosphere, some of the microbes may have detrimental effects on plant health, while many may be neutral or even beneficial. Some cannot be cultivated, so culture-independent methods are needed to explore microbial diversity. In this study, both metagenetic analysis and traditional culture-dependent methods were used on asymptomatic healthy leaves and symptomatic diseased leaves of tobacco plants. In the culture-independent analysis, asymptomatic leaves had higher microbial diversity and richness than symptomatic leaves. Both asymptomatic and symptomatic leaves contained several potentially pathogenic bacterial and fungal genera. The putative bacterial pathogens, such as species of , , or , and putative fungal pathogens, such as species of , , , , , and , had a higher relative abundance in symptomatic leaves than asymptomatic leaves. FUNGuild analysis indicated that the foliar fungal community also included endophytes, saprotrophs, epiphytes, parasites, and endosymbionts. PICRUSt analysis showed that the dominant functions of the bacterial community in a symptomatic leaf were cellular processes and environmental information processing. In the other five foliar samples, the dominant functions of the bacterial community were genetic information processing, metabolism, and organismal systems. In the traditional culture-dependent method, 47 fungal strains were isolated from 60 symptomatic tobacco leaf fragments bearing leaf spots. Among them, 21 strains of (29%), (14%), (14%), (10%), (10%), (10%), (5%), (5%), and (5%) all fulfilled Koch's postulates and were found to cause disease on detached tobacco leaves in artificial inoculation tests. Symptoms on detached leaves caused by three strains of in artificial inoculation tests were similar to the original disease symptoms in the tobacco field. This study showed that the combined application of culture-dependent and independent methods could give comprehensive insights into microbial composition that each method alone did not reveal.
PubMed: 35572673
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.843389 -
MSystems Apr 2022Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated...
Transcriptional Profiles of a Foliar Fungal Endophyte (, Ascomycota) and Its Bacterial Symbiont (, ) Reveal Sulfur Exchange and Growth Regulation during Early Phases of Symbiotic Interaction.
Symbiosis with bacteria is widespread among eukaryotes, including fungi. Bacteria that live within fungal mycelia (endohyphal bacteria) occur in many plant-associated fungi, including diverse Mucoromycota and Dikarya. sp. strain 9143 is a filamentous ascomycete isolated originally as a foliar endophyte of Platycladus orientalis (Cupressaceae). It is infected naturally with the endohyphal bacterium sp. strain 9143, which influences auxin and enzyme production by its fungal host. Previous studies have used transcriptomics to examine similar symbioses between endohyphal bacteria and root-associated fungi such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant pathogens. However, currently there are no gene expression studies of endohyphal bacteria of Ascomycota, the most species-rich fungal phylum. To begin to understand such symbioses, we developed methods for assessing gene expression by sp. and sp. when grown in coculture and when each was grown axenically. Our assays showed that the density of sp. in coculture was greater than in axenic culture, but the opposite was true for sp. Dual-transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data demonstrate that growing in coculture modulates developmental and metabolic processes in both the fungus and bacterium, potentially through changes in the balance of organic sulfur via methionine acquisition. Our analyses also suggest an unexpected, potential role of the bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment, expanding current understanding of the scope and dynamics of fungal-bacterial symbioses. Interactions between microbes and their hosts have important outcomes for host and environmental health. Foliar fungal endophytes that infect healthy plants can harbor facultative endosymbionts called endohyphal bacteria, which can influence the outcome of plant-fungus interactions. These bacterial-fungal interactions can be influential but are poorly understood, particularly from a transcriptome perspective. Here, we report on a comparative, dual-RNA-seq study examining the gene expression patterns of a foliar fungal endophyte and a facultative endohyphal bacterium when cultured together versus separately. Our findings support a role for the fungus in providing organic sulfur to the bacterium, potentially through methionine acquisition, and the potential involvement of a bacterial type VI secretion system in symbiosis establishment. This work adds to the growing body of literature characterizing endohyphal bacterial-fungal interactions, with a focus on a model facultative bacterial-fungal symbiosis in two species-rich lineages, the Ascomycota and .
Topics: Symbiosis; Endophytes; Pestalotiopsis; Gammaproteobacteria; Type VI Secretion Systems; Ascomycota; Bacteria; Fungi, Unclassified; Xanthomonadaceae; Plants; Methionine
PubMed: 35293790
DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00091-22 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Pestalotiod fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and occur as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. The present study provides an updated...
Pestalotiod fungi are associated with a wide variety of plants worldwide and occur as endophytes, pathogens, and saprobes. The present study provides an updated phylogeny for genera Neopestalotiopsis, Pestalotiopsis, and Seiridium using fresh collections from woody oil plants (Camellia oleifera, Olea europaea, Paeonia suffruticosa, Sapium sebiferum, and Vernicia fordii) in Sichuan Province, China. We coupled morphology and combined sequence data analyses of ITS, tub2, and tef1-α for Neopestalotiopsis and Pestalotiopsis, with ITS, LSU, tub2, tef1-α, and rpb2 for Seiridium. Three novel species of Neopestalotiopsis (N. mianyangensis, N. paeonia-suffruticosa, N. terricola) and three of Seiridium (S. guangyuanum, S. vernicola, S. oleae), were found. Three other species, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, Seiridium ceratosporum, and S. rosarum were identified and reported as new records. All isolated species are fully described and illustrated. Additionally, the sexual morph of Pestalotiopsis kenyana is described for the first time. Pathogenicity tests revealed that Neopestalotiopsis mianyangensis, N. paeonia-suffruticosa, N. terricola, Pestalotiopsis kenyana, Seiridium guangyuanum, S. vernicola, and S. oleae are pathogenic on detached olive leaves.
PubMed: 36354942
DOI: 10.3390/jof8111175 -
Virology Journal Feb 2021Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a subtropical fruit crop widely grown in southern China. Twig dieback is a disease of Chinese bayberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp....
BACKGROUND
Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra) is a subtropical fruit crop widely grown in southern China. Twig dieback is a disease of Chinese bayberry caused by Pestalotiopsis spp. and results in great economic losses to Chinese bayberry production. A virus survey was conducted in the population of Pestalotiopsis spp. infecting M. rubra in China. We explored the viral diversity in Pestalotiopsis spp., which may provide resources for further development as biocontrol agents of twig dieback.
METHODS
Strains of Pestalotiopsis spp. were isolated from diseased twigs of M. rubra, and cultured on potato dextrose agar for RNA extraction. The total RNA of each strain was extracted, mixed, and used for RNA sequencing. The resulting sequences were deduplicated, annotated, and then used for phylogenetic analysis.
RESULTS
Seven novel viruses were characterized from 59 isolates of M. rubra collected from 14 localities in China. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, these viruses were classified into five viral families/orders, Botourmiaviridae, Mitoviridae, Partitiviridae, Tymovirales and Bunyavirales, and one virus, Pestalotiopsis negative-stranded RNA virus 1, which likely belongs to a new viral family.
CONCLUSIONS
Metatranscriptomics analysis showed the presence of various mycoviruses in Pestalotiopsis spp. isolated from M. rubra in China. The genomes of eight putative viruses were identified, seven of which were nearly full-length. Some of these viruses of Pestalotiopsis spp. may have the potential for the biological control of twig dieback of M. rubra.
Topics: Biological Control Agents; China; Fruit; Fungal Viruses; Genetic Variation; Myrica; Pestalotiopsis; Phylogeny; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Transcriptome
PubMed: 33622359
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01513-3