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Plant Disease Jan 2018Gray blight of tea, caused by several Pestalotiopsis-like species, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in tea cultivation yet the characteristics of these...
Gray blight of tea, caused by several Pestalotiopsis-like species, is one of the most destructive foliar diseases in tea cultivation yet the characteristics of these pathogens have not been confirmed until now. With morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses, we have identified the gray blight fungi as Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae. Phylogenetic analyses derived from the combined internal transcribed spacer, β-tubulin, and translation elongation factor 1-α gene regions successfully resolved most of the Pestalotiopsis-like species used in this study with high bootstrap supports and revealed three major clusters representing these three species. Differences in colony appearance and conidia morphology (shape, size, septation, color and length of median cells, and length and number of apical and basal appendages) were consistent with the phylogenetic grouping. Pathogenicity tests validated that all three species isolated from tea leaves were causal agents of gray blight disease on tea plant (Camellia sinensis). This is the first description of the characteristics of the three species Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis, N. clavispora, and Pestalotiopsis camelliae as causal agents of tea gray blight disease in China.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Camellia sinensis; China; Phylogeny; Plant Diseases; RNA, Bacterial; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Xylariales
PubMed: 30673469
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-05-17-0642-RE -
Environmental Microbiology Aug 2015The urease-positive fungi Pestalotiopsis sp. and Myrothecium gramineum, isolated from calcareous soil, were examined for their properties of CaCO3 and SrCO3...
The urease-positive fungi Pestalotiopsis sp. and Myrothecium gramineum, isolated from calcareous soil, were examined for their properties of CaCO3 and SrCO3 biomineralization. After incubation in media amended with urea and CaCl2 and/or SrCl2 , calcite (CaCO3 ), strontianite (SrCO3 ), vaterite in different forms [CaCO3 , (Cax Sr1-x )CO3 ] and olekminskite [Sr(Sr,Ca)(CO3 )2 ] were precipitated, and fungal 'footprints' were observed on mineral surfaces. The amorphous precipitate mediated by Pestalotiopsis sp. grown with urea and equivalent concentrations of CaCl2 and SrCl2 was identified as hydrated Ca and Sr carbonates by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Liquid media experiments showed M. gramineum possessed the highest Sr(2+) removal ability, and ∼ 49% of supplied Sr(2+) was removed from solution when grown in media amended with urea and 50 mM SrCl2 . Furthermore, this organism could also precipitate 56% of the available Ca(2+) and 28% of the Sr(2+) in the form of CaCO3 , SrCO3 and (Cax Sr1-x )CO3 when incubated in urea-amended media and equivalent CaCl2 and SrCl2 concentrations. This is the first report of biomineralization of olekminskite and coprecipitation of Sr into vaterite mediated by fungi. These findings suggest that urease-positive fungi could play an important role in the environmental fate, bioremediation or biorecovery of Sr or other metals and radionuclides that form insoluble carbonates.
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcium Carbonate; Carbonates; Minerals; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Strontium; Urea; Urease
PubMed: 26119362
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12954 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Sep 2023Dendrobium catenatum, which belongs to the Orchidaceae family, has been used as a traditional medicine and healthy food in China for over 2000 years, and is of enormous...
Interactions between endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 and Dendrobium catenatum: Deciphering plant polysaccharide and flavonoid accumulation and underlying mechanisms by comparative transcriptome and metabolome analyses.
Dendrobium catenatum, which belongs to the Orchidaceae family, has been used as a traditional medicine and healthy food in China for over 2000 years, and is of enormous economic value. Polysaccharides and flavonoids are two major functional ingredients in D. catenatum stems that contribute to its health benefits. D. catenatum lives in close association with endophytic fungi, but the literature regarding the further relations between them, especially the fungal-induced accumulation of metabolites in the host plant, is sparse. Our previous study showed that Pestalotiopsis sp. DO14 isolated from D. catenatum improved the host plant growth and metabolite accumulation. This study was performed to investigate dynamic variations of the growth traits, key metabolites (polysaccharides and flavonoids), and expression of key genes of D. catenatum under conditions of the DO14 colonization. Colonization with DO14 promoted D. catenatum growth as indicated by increased leaf area, mid-stem thickness, and plant height. The content of polysaccharides, mannose, and sucrose increased even without DO14 entering the host cells or forming a mature symbiotic relationship concurrent with improved photosynthesis rate. Furthermore, DO14 induced upregulation of genes involved in sugar and flavonoid metabolism, especially phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCKA), chalcone synthase (CHS) and UDP-glycose flavonoid glycosyltransferase (UFGT). These observations suggested that endophytic fungi induce the accumulation of polysaccharides and flavonoids by plants, increasing the efficiency of carbon assimilation and carbon turnover. The findings of this study provide insight into the mechanisms underlying Orchidaceae-endophyte interactions, and suggest potential novel applications of endophytic fungi in D. catenatum breeding to improved plant quality.
Topics: Flavonoids; Dendrobium; Transcriptome; Pestalotiopsis; Plant Breeding; Polysaccharides; Metabolome
PubMed: 37562204
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107942 -
Biodiversity Data Journal 2021Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are widely distributed in many plants and include endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. Five strains of were isolated from diseased leaves of...
BACKGROUND
Pestalotiopsis-like fungi are widely distributed in many plants and include endophytes, pathogens and saprobes. Five strains of were isolated from diseased leaves of (Principes, Palmae), and (Ericales, Ericaceae) and (Santalales, Olacaceae) in southern China.
NEW INFORMATION
Based on morphology and multi-gene (ITS, , ) phylogeny, our five strains of represent two new species and one extant species. Descriptions, illustrations and notes are also provided for the new species.
PubMed: 34539202
DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e70446 -
BMC Microbiology May 2021Eucalyptus bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important eucalyptus disease. Endophytic fungi, an important source of natural active substances,...
BACKGROUND
Eucalyptus bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important eucalyptus disease. Endophytic fungi, an important source of natural active substances, provide a new breakthrough for the control of plant diseases.
RESULTS
In the present study, 80 endophytic fungal isolates were obtained from the healthy branches and fruits of Eucalyptus exserta. Fifteen distinct isolates (MK120854-MK120868) were selected for further taxonomic identification through morphological trait assessments and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region-rRNA gene sequence analysis. Thirteen genera, namely, Phyllosticta, Penicillium, Eutypella, Purpureocillium, Talaromyces, Lophiostoma, Cladosporium, Pestalotiopsis, Chaetomium, Fusarium, Gongronella, Scedosporium and Pseudallescheria, were identified on the basis of their morphological characteristics. Members of the genus Phyllosticta were the primary isolates, with a colonization frequency (CF) of 27.5 %. Most of the fungal isolates displayed antibacterial activity. The crude extracts obtained from Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7, Pestalotiopsis sp. Eef-9 and Chaetomium sp. Eef-10 exhibited strong inhibition on the test bacteria, and Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 was further cultured on a large scale. Three known compounds, scorpinone (1), 5-deoxybostrycoidin (2) and 4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-2-one (3), were isolated from the endophytic fungus Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 associated with E. exserta. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by analysis of 1D and 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectra and a comparison of their spectral data with published values. Compounds 1 and 2 showed weak antimicrobial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.
CONCLUSIONS
Endophytic fungi from Eucalyptus exserta may represent alternative sources of antimicrobial agents. Lophiostoma sp. Eef-7 can produce 2-azaanthraquinone derivatives and shows weak antibacterial activity against Ralstonia solanacearum.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Endophytes; Eucalyptus; Fruit; Fungi; Plant Stems; Ralstonia solanacearum; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
PubMed: 34044780
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02229-8 -
Microorganisms Jan 2023Fungal endophytes are friendly microorganisms that colonize plants and are important in the interactions between plants and their environment. They generate valuable...
Fungal endophytes are friendly microorganisms that colonize plants and are important in the interactions between plants and their environment. They generate valuable secondary metabolites that are valuable to both plants and humans. Endophytic fungi with bioactivities were isolated from the leaves of the medicinal plant . An efficient isolate was selected and identified as based on nucleotide sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS 1-5.8S-ITS 2) of the 18S rRNA gene (NCBI accession number OP529850); the 564 bp had 99 to 100% similarity with MH860161.1, AY682935.1, KP689121.1, and MG572407.1, according to the BLASTn analysis, following preliminary phytochemical and antifungal screening. The biological activities of this fungus' crude ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract were assessed. With an efficient radical scavenging activity against 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and an IC value of 36.6 µg mL, extract has shown its potential as an antioxidant. Moreover, it displayed notable cytotoxic effects against MCF-7 (breast carcinoma, IC = 22.4 µg mL), HeLa (cervical carcinoma, IC = 28.9 µg mL) and HepG-2 (liver carcinoma, IC = 28.9 µg mL). At 10 µg mL, EtOAc demonstrated significant DNA protection against hydroxyl radical-induced damage. Based on FT-IR and GC-MS spectral analysis, it was detected that the EtOAc of product contains multiple bioactive functional groups. Subsequently, this validated the features of major different potent compounds; tolycaine, 1H-pyrazol, 1,3,5-trimethyl-, eugenol, 2,5-cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethyl), and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Since these compounds are biologically relevant in various aspects, and distinct biological activities of fungal extract were acceptable in vitro, this suggests that endophytic fungus may be a viable source of bioactive natural products. This could be a good starting point for pharmaceutical applications.
PubMed: 36677409
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010117 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzymes containing A-T-R domain architecture are also known as carboxylate reductases (CARs) for aldehyde generation. To...
Nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like enzymes containing A-T-R domain architecture are also known as carboxylate reductases (CARs) for aldehyde generation. To identify new members of CARs, we established a virtual library containing 84 fungal CARs distributed in seven distinct clades by genome mining and phylogenetic analysis. Nine CARs, including PnlA from and eight known CARs, were clustered in clade VI and proposed to catalyze the reduction of nonreducing polyketide synthase (NR-PKS)-derived aryl carboxylic acids. The recombinant protein PnlA was overproduced and purified to apparent homogeneity from . In vitro enzyme assays of PnlA with 28 different benzoic acid derivatives (-) revealed the corresponding aldehyde formation in 14 cases (-). Comparison of conversion yields indicated the high preference of PnlA toward 3,5-dimethylorsellinic acid (DMOA, ) and vanillic acid (). A specificity-conferring code Q355 in PnlA was postulated by sequence alignment with the known CARs in clade VI. Our study provides an updated virtual library of fungal CAR enzymes and expands the biocatalytic selectivity of CARs.
PubMed: 36294566
DOI: 10.3390/jof8101001 -
Doklady Biological Sciences :... Dec 2022European blueberry is a common plant in coniferous and mixed forests that grows in Russia, Northern Europe, Asia, United States, and Canada. Among the fungi that cause...
European blueberry is a common plant in coniferous and mixed forests that grows in Russia, Northern Europe, Asia, United States, and Canada. Among the fungi that cause blueberry diseases, the most harmful are Diaporthe vaccinii and Colletotrichum acutatum. These fungi are included in the consolidated list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union and their occurrence and spread in the territory of countries of this Union is subject to strict control. Most taxa of micromycetes, particularly, Diaporthe and Colletotrichum species, can be correctly identified to the species level based on solely molecular phylogenetic features. The aim of the present work was to assess the biodiversity of fungi associated with blueberry growing in North-Western Russia and in Finland using morphological and molecular genetic features. Altogether, the study included 17 specimens of wild blueberry exhibiting necrotic spots on leaves and stem lesions that were collected in 2017 in St. Petersburg and in five districts of Leningrad region, as well as in the Republic of Karelia and in Finland. Analysis of the morphological and molecular genetic features of the fungal strains isolated from these blueberry specimens led to identification of 11 species: Boeremia exigua, Colletotrichum salicis, Diaporthe eres, Fusarium avenaceum, F. incarnatum, F. sporotrichioides, Heterophoma sylvatica, Kalmusia longispora, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Neocucurbitaria cava, and Sporocadus rosigena. There were also fungi representing two sections of the genus Alternaria: Alternaria and Infectoriae, and micromycetes of the genera Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Coniothyrium, Curvularia, Epicoccum, Penicillium, Pestalotiopsis, Sordaria, and Trichoderma. The species Colletotrichum salicis, Heterophoma sylvatica, Kalmusia longispora, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, and Neocucurbitaria cava were for the first time found in Russia. The species Sporocadus rosigena was for the first time detected in Finland. Fusarium avenaceum, F. incarnatum, and F. sporotrichioides were for the first time observed in association with blueberry plants. The species Diaporthe vaccinii and Colletotrichum acutatum included in the consolidated list of quarantine objects of the Eurasian Economic Union were not detected in this study.
Topics: Blueberry Plants; Phylogeny; Finland; Biodiversity
PubMed: 36781539
DOI: 10.1134/S0012496622060047 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Oct 2022Fungal diseases in plants are creating numerous problems in the developed and developing nations. Silver, a notable metal because of its inertness and its role in...
Fungal diseases in plants are creating numerous problems in the developed and developing nations. Silver, a notable metal because of its inertness and its role in nanoscience, has received a considerable amount of focus in the development of an ecofriendly green solution to control many microbial infections. The herbal product from various plant sources with the combination of silver was used to develop nanoparticles, against the pathogens. In this study, we developed Moringa oleifera leaf- and flower-mediated silver nanoparticles with the particle size of 77.45 nm and 63.20 nm respectively. Fungicidal activity of both Moringa oleifera leaf (MLNp) and flower (MFNp) nanoparticles was studied in vitro against plant pathogenic fungi Pestalotiopsis mangiferae isolated from infected coconut palm. Nanoparticles from Moringa oleifera leaves and flowers reduced the radial growth of fungi significantly even at lower concentrations and acted as a potent fungistatic agent.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Fungi; Metal Nanoparticles; Moringa oleifera; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Silver
PubMed: 35674924
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04007-2 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022Amplicon sequencing is a powerful tool for analyzing the fungal composition inside plants, whereas its application for the identification of etiology for plant diseases...
Amplicon sequencing is a powerful tool for analyzing the fungal composition inside plants, whereas its application for the identification of etiology for plant diseases remains undetermined. Here, we utilize this strategy to clarify the etiology responsible for tea leaf brown-black spot disease (LBSD), a noticeable disease infecting tea plants etiology that remains controversial. Based on the ITS-based amplicon sequencing analysis, species were identified as separate from spp. and sp., which are concluded as the etiological agents. This was further confirmed by the fungal isolation and their specific pathogenicity on diverse tea varieties. Based on the morphologies and phylogenetic analysis constructed with multi-loci (ITS, LSU, and ), two novel species-tentatively named and as reference to their host plants-were proposed and characterized. Here, we present an integrated approach of ITS-based amplicon sequencing in combination with fungal isolation and fulfillment of Koch's postulates for etiological identification of tea plant disease, revealing new etiology for LBSD. This contributes useful information for further etiological identification of plant disease based on amplicon sequencing, as well as understanding, prevention, and management of this economically important disease.
PubMed: 35893150
DOI: 10.3390/jof8080782