-
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Five new compounds called Pestalotis A-E (-), comprising three monoterpene-lactone compounds (-), one tetrahydrobenzofuran derivative (), and one sesquiterpene (), were...
Five new compounds called Pestalotis A-E (-), comprising three monoterpene-lactone compounds (-), one tetrahydrobenzofuran derivative (), and one sesquiterpene (), were isolated from the EtOAc extract of sp. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of their NMR, HRMS, and ECD spectra, and the absolute configurations were established through the comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. All compounds were tested for antitumor activity against SW-480, LoVo, HuH-7, and MCF-7. The results showed that compounds and exhibited potent antitumor activity against SW-480, LoVo, and HuH-7 cell lines. Furthermore, compound was assessed against HuH-7, and the results indicated that the rate of apoptosis was dose-dependent.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Cell Death; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Pestalotiopsis; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Terpenes
PubMed: 34885821
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237229 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023(J. U. Santos) is an endemic plant species in Morro do Urucum in the Pantanal wetland (Brazil). is used for the restoration of areas impacted by iron mining...
(J. U. Santos) is an endemic plant species in Morro do Urucum in the Pantanal wetland (Brazil). is used for the restoration of areas impacted by iron mining activities. This study evaluates the diversity (composition, value and abundance) of endophytic fungal communities, considering parts of the plant and soil condition. The leaves and roots of were collected from native vegetation areas (NVA) and recovery areas (RCA) in Morro do Urucum. Illumina sequencing technology was used to investigate variation in endophytic fungal biodiversity. The operational taxonomic units detected in NVA ranged from 183 to 263 (leaf) and 115 to 285 (root), while RCA samples ranged from 200 to 282 (leaf) and 156 to 348 (root). Ascomycota phylum was the most common species among all plant samples. The most significant classes identified were Lecanoromycetes and Dothideomycetes that differed significantly ( ≤ 0.05) according to their plant hosts and soil stress. The relative abundance of (Sordariomycetes class) and (Lecanoromycetes class) genera was influenced by the iron mining activities according to the leaf samples analysed. However, the abundance and wealth of endophytic fungal communities in from RCA were evidence that could explain their high resilience to environmental disturbances and the source-sink dynamics of fungal propagules.
PubMed: 37367568
DOI: 10.3390/jof9060632 -
Bioorganic Chemistry May 2021Coculturing two or more fungi is a useful strategy to awaken the silent genes to produce structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. Through the coculture of...
Coculturing two or more fungi is a useful strategy to awaken the silent genes to produce structurally diverse and bioactive natural products. Through the coculture of Pestalotiopsis sp. and Penicillium bialowiezense, six new isoprenylated chromane derivatives, including two pairs of enantiomeric ones (1a/1b-2a/2b) and two optical pure ones (3-4), two new isoprenylated phenol glucoside derivatives (6-7), as well as eight known structural analogues (5 and 8-14), were obtained. The structures of these new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and ECD calculation. The Δ double bond of pestaloficin D (5) was revised to E-configurated based on the extensive spectroscopic analyses. Compounds 1a/1b and 2a/2b were the first examples of enantiomeric isoprenylated chromane derivatives, which were successfully separated by chiral HPLC. Additionally, all the isolated compounds were evaluated for the in vitro β-glucuronidase (GUS) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activities. Compounds 1a and 1b showed significant β-glucuronidase inhibitory potency with IC values of 7.6 and 10.3 μM, respectively. Compound 14 exhibited moderate BChE inhibitory activity with an IC value of 21.3 μM. In addition, the structure-enzyme inhibitory activity relationship of compounds 1-14 is discussed.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Butyrylcholinesterase; Chromans; Crystallography, X-Ray; Density Functional Theory; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucuronidase; Horses; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Penicillium; Pestalotiopsis
PubMed: 33780746
DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104826 -
Plant Disease May 2023Pandanus amaryllifolius, also known as pandan, is a perennial herb, growing in Indonesia, China and the Maluku Islands (Wakte et al. 2009). It is the only plant with...
Pandanus amaryllifolius, also known as pandan, is a perennial herb, growing in Indonesia, China and the Maluku Islands (Wakte et al. 2009). It is the only plant with aromatic leaves in the Pandanaceae. It is widely used in food, medicine, cosmetics and other industries, and is also known as "Oriental Vanilla." Pandan is planted in Hainan province over 1,300 ha and is the main plant intercropped among the forest trees. From 2020, the leaf spot was surveyed for three years. Diseased leaves occurred on 30 to 80% of the surveyed plants, with an incidence of 70% and yield losses of 40%. The disease occured from mid-November to April and was most severe at low temperatures and humidity. Initial symptoms were pale green spots, that formed dark brown, nearly circular lesions. As the lesions expanded, their centers became greyish white, with yellow halos at the junction of the diseased and healthy tissue. When the humidity was high, there were small black spots scattered in the center of the lesion. Symptomatic leaf samples were collected from four different sites. The leaf surface was disinfested with 75% ethyl alcohol for 30 s and washed with sterile distilled water three times. Samples from the junction of diseased and healthy tissue (0.5 × 0.5 cm) were removed and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium containing 100 µg/mL of cefotaxime sodium and cultivated in a dark incubator at 28°C. After two days, hyphal tips from the edges of growing colonies were transferred to fresh PDA plates for further purification. Following Koch's postulates, colonies from strains were used as inoculum in pathogenicity tests. Colonies with 5 mm diameter were inoculated upside onto fresh and healthy pandan leaves via wounding method (pinpricked by sterilized needles) and non-wounding method. Sterilized PDA was used as control. All plants were setted three replicates and were incubated at 28℃ for 3 to 5 days. When symptoms on leaves similar to those in the field appeared, the fungus were reisolated The colonies formed on PDA were also consistent with the original isolate (Scandiani et al, 2003). After seven days, the colony covered the whole petri dish with white, petal-shaped growth with a slight concentric, annular bulge in the center, irregular edges, with black acervuli emerging at a later stage of colony growth. Conidia were fusiform, 18.1±1.6 × 6.4±0.3 μm, showing four septations and five cells, the middle three cells were brownish black to olivaceous, and the apical cell colorless with two to three filaments, 21.8±3.5 μm long. The caudate cell was colorless with one stalk 5.9±1.8 μm long (Zhang et al. 2021; Shu et al. 2020). According to the colony and conidia characteristics, the pathogen was initially identified as Pestalotiopsis spp. (Benjamin et al. 1961). To confirm the pathogen identity, we used the universal primers ITS1/ITS4, targeting primers EF1-728F/EF1-986R and Bt2a/Bt2b sequences (Tian et al. 2018). The sequences of the PCR products were deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession numbers OQ165166 (ITS), OQ352149 (TEF1-α) and OQ352150 (TUB2). BLAST results showed that the sequences of the ITS, TEF1-α and TUB2 genes shared 100% homology with the sequences of Pestalotiopsis clavispora. The maximum likelihood method was used in the phylogenetic analysis. The result showed that LSS112 was clustered with Pestalotiopsis clavispora with a support rate of 99%. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the pathogen was confirmed as Pestalotiopsis clavispora. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot of pandan caused by Pestalotiopsis clavispora in China. This research will be immediately helpful for the diagnosis and control the disease on pandan.
PubMed: 37157095
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-02-23-0302-PDN -
Marine Drugs Oct 2021One strain-many compounds (OSMAC) manipulation of the sponge-derived fungus XWS03F09 resulted in the production of new secondary metabolites. The chemical study of the...
One strain-many compounds (OSMAC) manipulation of the sponge-derived fungus XWS03F09 resulted in the production of new secondary metabolites. The chemical study of the fermentation, cultivated on 3% artificial sea salt in the rice media, led to the isolation of twelve compounds, including eight new polyketide derivatives, heterocornols Q-X (-), one new ceramide (), and three known analogues (-). The structures and absolute configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data and calculated ECD analysis. Heterocornols Q () and R () are novel 6/5/7/5 tetracyclic polyketide derivatives featuring dihydroisobenzofuran and benzo-fused dioxabicyclo [4.2.1] nonane system, which might be derived from the acetyl-CoA by epoxidation, polyene cyclization, and rearrangement to form the core skeleton. Compound showed moderate or weak antimicrobial activities against with MIC values ranging from 25 to 100 μg/mL. Heterocornols T and X ( and ) could inhibit the production of LPS-induced NO significantly, comparable to dexamethasone. Further Western blotting analysis showed and markedly suppressed the iNOS protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The result showed that and might serve as potential leads for development of anti-inflammatory activity.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aquatic Organisms; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Mice; Pestalotiopsis; Polyketides; Porifera; RAW 264.7 Cells; Structure-Activity Relationship
PubMed: 34822456
DOI: 10.3390/md19110585 -
Journal of Basic Microbiology Dec 2021Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees in Bangladesh. This tree is susceptible to various pathogens. Among them, a fungus was consistently...
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees in Bangladesh. This tree is susceptible to various pathogens. Among them, a fungus was consistently isolated from gray leaf spot symptom in coconut. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and find the management strategies of the causal fungus of gray leaf spot disease in coconut. Both morphological and molecular characters identified the pathogen as Pestalotiopsis sp. for the first time in Bangladesh. Artificial inoculation of this fungus showed symptoms similar to those previously observed in the field. Cross-inoculation test suggests that Pestalotiopsis sp. has a wide host range. The infection process of Pestalotiopsis sp. started at 2 h after inoculation (hai) with the formation of germ tube followed by the formation of infection hyphae, which penetrated directly into the host at 6 hai. Gray leaf spot symptom was developed at 120 hai. Numerous conidia developed from the acervuli at 168 hai. These conidia acted as the source of inocula for secondary infection. The optimum temperature for the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. was 25°C, however, the growth of Pestalotiopsis sp. ceased at 15°C and 35°C. This pathogen was completely inhibited by Autostin 50 WDG (carbendazim) at 100 ppm. Trichoderma viride (Pb-7) was found as the potential biocontrol agent against Pestalotiopsis sp. These findings could contribute to describing the disease cycle and epidemiology of Pestalotiopsis sp. that would ultimately require to undertake effective control measures against this pathogen.
Topics: Bangladesh; Cocos; Fruit; Pestalotiopsis; Plant Diseases
PubMed: 34490920
DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100253 -
Environmental Microbiology Aug 2015The urease-positive fungi Pestalotiopsis sp. and Myrothecium gramineum, isolated from calcareous soil, were examined for their properties of CaCO3 and SrCO3...
The urease-positive fungi Pestalotiopsis sp. and Myrothecium gramineum, isolated from calcareous soil, were examined for their properties of CaCO3 and SrCO3 biomineralization. After incubation in media amended with urea and CaCl2 and/or SrCl2 , calcite (CaCO3 ), strontianite (SrCO3 ), vaterite in different forms [CaCO3 , (Cax Sr1-x )CO3 ] and olekminskite [Sr(Sr,Ca)(CO3 )2 ] were precipitated, and fungal 'footprints' were observed on mineral surfaces. The amorphous precipitate mediated by Pestalotiopsis sp. grown with urea and equivalent concentrations of CaCl2 and SrCl2 was identified as hydrated Ca and Sr carbonates by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Liquid media experiments showed M. gramineum possessed the highest Sr(2+) removal ability, and ∼ 49% of supplied Sr(2+) was removed from solution when grown in media amended with urea and 50 mM SrCl2 . Furthermore, this organism could also precipitate 56% of the available Ca(2+) and 28% of the Sr(2+) in the form of CaCO3 , SrCO3 and (Cax Sr1-x )CO3 when incubated in urea-amended media and equivalent CaCl2 and SrCl2 concentrations. This is the first report of biomineralization of olekminskite and coprecipitation of Sr into vaterite mediated by fungi. These findings suggest that urease-positive fungi could play an important role in the environmental fate, bioremediation or biorecovery of Sr or other metals and radionuclides that form insoluble carbonates.
Topics: Ascomycota; Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcium Carbonate; Carbonates; Minerals; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Strontium; Urea; Urease
PubMed: 26119362
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12954 -
Plant Disease Sep 2022Euonymus japonicas is widely planted as an important landscape species throughout China. In June 2021, a serious gray blight disease was detected on E. japonicas in...
Euonymus japonicas is widely planted as an important landscape species throughout China. In June 2021, a serious gray blight disease was detected on E. japonicas in Henan Province (32°30'58" N, 112°19'44" E), causing severe defoliation of infected trees with a foliar disease incidence of 52 to 70% (n = 100). Gray spots initially appeared on leaves, gradually expanded into irregular white blotches with dark brown borders, eventually leading to wilting and death of the leaves. The junctions between the lesion and healthy tissue of infected leaves were cut into 3 × 3-mm pieces, surface sterilized with 1% NaClO solution for 1 min, rinsed in sterile water, and placed on PDA plates with 50 μg/ml of streptomycin. Three isolates (HY94, HY95, and HY98) were selected for subsequent experiments. The colonies reached 80-85 mm diam after 7 days at 25°C, with undulated margins, white to pale in color, with moderate aerial mycelium on the surface. Conidiomata were globose, solitary, and dark black. Conidia were ellipsoid, straight to slightly curved, 4-septate, 19 to 26.4 × 5 to 7.5 μm (n=100). The apical cell was cylindrical and hyaline, with 2 to 3 tubular apical appendages, unbranched, filiform, 2.5 to 3.5 μm in length. The basal appendage was single, unbranched, centric, 1.5 to 3 μm long. The characteristics were close to those of Pestalotiopsis spp. (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2013). The genomic DNA was extracted, and the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the β-tubulin gene (TUB), and the translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (TEF1) were amplified by primers ITS1/ITS4, Bt2a/Bt2b, and EF1-728F/EF1-986R, respectively (Carbone and Kohn, 1999). Sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers OL840327-OL840329(ITS), OL961454-OL961456(TUB), and OL961448-OL961450 (TEF1). BLASTn analyses of ITS, TUB, and TEF1 sequences exhibited 99.46, 99.05, and 96.53% similarity to the sequences of Pestalotiopsis disseminata strain MEAN1166 (ITS, 548/551 bp; MT374688) (Silva et al. 2020), PSH2000I-066 (TUB, 418/422 bp; DQ333575), and TAP29O082 (TEF1, 250/259 bp; AB453850), respectively in GenBank. The three isolates formed a clade with the type strains, MEAN 1166 and MAFF238347 of P. disseminata in phylogenetic trees, being clearly seperated from other Pestalotiopsis spp. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the pathogen was identified as P. disseminata (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2011). To fulfill Koch's postulates, pathogenicity was tested with three isolates. Ten healthy leaves of 5-year-old intact plants were used per isolate and inoculated with mycelial plugs on both nonwounded and wounded leaves. Control leaves were inoculated with agar plugs. The inoculated plants were placed at 28°C in a greenhouse (90% relative humidity). Distinct lesions were observed after 10 days. The pathogen reisolated was identical to that of the original cultures according to phenotype and ITS sequences. The control leaves showed no obvious symptoms. P. disseminata is known to cause disease on several important plants in China, such as Camellia japonica (Zhang et al. 2012), Pinus armandii (Hu et al. 2007), and Tripterygium wilfordii (Kumar et al. 2004). This is the first report of gray blight disease caused by P. disseminata on E. japonicas in China and worldwide. The fungal pathogen identification will provide valuable information for prevention and management of gray blight disease associated with E. japonicas.
PubMed: 36096099
DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-06-22-1373-PDN -
Journal of Asian Natural Products... Feb 2019The structures of pestalrones A-B were revised via reinterpretation of the NMR data and a brief chemical transformation from the co-occurring polyketides, in our...
The structures of pestalrones A-B were revised via reinterpretation of the NMR data and a brief chemical transformation from the co-occurring polyketides, in our investigation on the secondary metabolites of Pestalotiopsis zonata, which also afforded a new α-pyrone derivative, pestazonatic acid, and four known analogs.
Topics: Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Polyketides; Pyrones; Xylariales
PubMed: 29168395
DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1395858 -
Marine Drugs Nov 2022Five undescribed polyketide derivatives, pestaloketides A-E (-), along with eleven known analogues (-), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus sp. Their...
Five undescribed polyketide derivatives, pestaloketides A-E (-), along with eleven known analogues (-), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus sp. Their structures, including absolute configurations, were elucidated by analyses of NMR spectroscopic HRESIMS data and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Compounds , , , and exhibited weak cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines, with IC values ranging from 22.1 to 100 μM. Pestaloketide A () is an unusual polyketide, featuring a rare 5/10/5-fused ring system. Pestaloketides A () and B () exhibited moderately inhibited LPS-induced NO production activity, with IC values of 23.6 and 14.5 μM, respectively, without cytotoxicity observed. Preliminary bioactivity evaluations and molecular docking analysis indicated that pestaloketides A () and B () had the potential to be developed into anti-inflammatory activity drug leads.
Topics: Humans; Polyketides; Pestalotiopsis; Molecular Docking Simulation; Fungi; Anti-Inflammatory Agents
PubMed: 36421989
DOI: 10.3390/md20110711