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The American Journal of Clinical... May 2019Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect...
BACKGROUND
Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association.
OBJECTIVES
We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis.
METHODS
We included randomized and nonrandomized behavioral intervention and feeding studies (intervention studies) and prospective observational studies that measured dietary phosphorus intake or urinary phosphorus excretion and BP. We excluded studies of supplements, children, or individuals with major medical conditions. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 June, 2017 and 22 August, 2018. We assessed studies' risk of bias in their assessment of phosphorus exposure and BP.
RESULTS
We reviewed 4759 publications and included 14 intervention studies (2497 participants), 3 prospective observational cohorts (17,795 participants), and 2 ongoing trials. No included intervention studies were designed specifically to achieve a phosphorus contrast. Two studies found a significant positive association of dietary phosphorus with systolic BP, 4 a significant inverse association, and 8 no significant association. Four studies found a significant inverse association with diastolic BP and 10 no significant associations. Two cohorts found lower risk of incident hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of phosphorus intake and 1 found no significant difference: HR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98); HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.02); and HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.27), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
We found no consistent association between total dietary phosphorus intake and BP in adults in the published literature nor any randomized trials designed to examine this association. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42017062489.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hypertension; Nutritional Status; Phosphorus
PubMed: 31051505
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy343 -
The Science of the Total Environment Sep 2022Recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater can help establish a new P cycle. However, there are many P forms in wastewater, not always in reactive forms, which are the...
Recovery of phosphorus (P) from wastewater can help establish a new P cycle. However, there are many P forms in wastewater, not always in reactive forms, which are the most suitable for direct recovery. The enhanced biological phosphorus removal process with sidestream phosphorus recovery (EBPR-SPR) is an effective way to remove and recover P resources in wastewater, but there is a lack of research on the transformation and fate of non-reactive phosphorus (NRP) in it. This study selected four model NRP to investigate their transformation and fate in an EBPR-SPR process. The transformation of NRP in pure water and activated sludge under anaerobic and aerobic conditions were compared. The effects of Ca/P ratio and pH on NRP recovery were studied, and the recovery products of NRP were characterized. It was found that NRP containing phosphoanhydride and phosphoester bonds were more easily hydrolyzed to reactive P (RP) than that containing PC bonds. NRP will be adsorbed and accumulated by activated sludge, and activated sludge will accelerate the conversion of NRP to RP. Tripolyphosphate can form complex precipitation with Ca. When multiform P co-existed, Ca preferably complexed with polyphosphate, which harmed RP recovery. The conversion of NRP should be strengthened to recover more P in wastewater. The effect of NRP should be considered when recovering P from wastewater.
Topics: Bioreactors; Phosphorus; Sewage; Wastewater; Water
PubMed: 35644401
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156275 -
Chemosphere Apr 2022The integrated wastewater discharge standard for phosphorus has become increasingly strict. In this study, a synergetic current stimulation system coupled with anaerobic...
The integrated wastewater discharge standard for phosphorus has become increasingly strict. In this study, a synergetic current stimulation system coupled with anaerobic digestion was used to enhance phosphorus removal from wastewater. The effects of current intensity, pH, and methane (CH) synthesis on phosphorus removal were investigated. As direct current was supplied to an anaerobic bioreactor, the removal of sewage total phosphorus was significantly enhanced. The conditions of weak acid and low negative oxidation-reduction potential facilitated the phosphorus removal from wastewater. The optimal parameters for the dephosphorisation process were a current intensity of 100 mA and a pH of 6.0. When the anaerobic digestion process was inhibited by the reagent 2-bromoethanesulphonic acid sodium (BES), abundant metabolic intermediates accumulated and methanogenesis clearly decreased. Affected by the current stimulation and the inhibition of CH synthesis, the formation of gaseous phosphine (PH) was greatly improved, and then PH escaped from the digestion mixture after it was absorbed by microbial cells. The maximum PH content of the digestion gas was 41.8 mg m in the reactor supplied with a current of 100 mA and BES addition of 10 mmol L, and the phosphorus removal in this digestion system reached 55.2% at 6 d; however, the removal in the conventional anaerobic digestion system was only 17.7% after the same amount of time. Finally, a pathway of enhanced anaerobic biological phosphorus removal was proposed to better understand the inherent synergistic mechanism.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Bioreactors; Phosphorus; Sewage; Wastewater
PubMed: 35063560
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133661 -
STAR Protocols Jun 2022This protocol describes how inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can quantify metals, sulfur, and phosphorus present in biological specimens. The high...
This protocol describes how inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) can quantify metals, sulfur, and phosphorus present in biological specimens. The high sensitivity of ICP-MS enables detection of these elements at very low concentrations, and absolute quantification is achieved with standard curves. Sulfur or phosphorus standardization reduces variability that arises because of slight differences in sample composition. This protocol bypasses challenges because of limited sample amounts and facilitates studies examining the biological roles of metals in health and disease. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hartwig et al. (2020).
Topics: Mass Spectrometry; Metals; Phosphorus; Spectrum Analysis; Sulfur
PubMed: 35496782
DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101334 -
Nature Plants Jan 2017Species diversity is commonly hypothesized to result from trade-offs for different limiting resources, providing separate niches for coexisting species. As soil...
Species diversity is commonly hypothesized to result from trade-offs for different limiting resources, providing separate niches for coexisting species. As soil nutrients occur in multiple chemical forms, plant differences in acquisition of the same element derived from different compounds may represent unique niche dimensions. Because plant productivity of ecosystems is often limited by phosphorus, and because plants have evolved diverse adaptations to acquire soil phosphorus, a promising yet untested hypothesis is phosphorus resource partitioning. Here, we provided two different chemical forms of phosphorus to sown grassland mesocosms to investigate phosphorus acquisition of eight plant species that are common in European grasslands, and to identify subsequent patterns of plant abundance. For the first time, we show that the relative abundance of grassland plant species can be influenced by soil phosphorus forms, as higher abundance was linked to higher acquisition of a specific form of phosphorus. These results were supported by a subsequent isotope dilution experiment using intact grassland sods that were treated with different inorganic or organic phosphorus forms. Here, 5 out of 14 species showed greater phosphorus acquisition in the inorganic phosphorus treatment, and 4 in the organic phosphorus treatments. Furthermore, for the species used in both experiments we found similar acquisition patterns. Our results support the hypothesis of phosphorus resource partitioning and may provide a new mechanistic framework to explain high plant diversity in phosphorus-poor ecosystems. As world biodiversity hotspots are almost invariably related to phosphorus limitation, our results may thus also be key to understanding biodiversity loss in an era of ever-increasing nutrient enrichment.
Topics: Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Europe; Grassland; Magnoliopsida; Phosphorus; Population Density
PubMed: 28134925
DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2016.224 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jul 2023Phosphorus (P) recovery from biosolids can play an important role in a circular economy. Herein, an electrochemical phosphorus recovery cell (EPRC) was proposed and...
Phosphorus (P) recovery from biosolids can play an important role in a circular economy. Herein, an electrochemical phosphorus recovery cell (EPRC) was proposed and examined to recover P from municipal whole digestate simultaneous leaching and precipitation. The anode of the EPRC released P as aqueous PO-P through acidification, achieving the highest leaching efficiency of 93.3% under a current density of 30 A m. When the leached P solution was treated in the cathode, native metals including Ca and Fe facilitated electrochemically mediated PO-P precipitation (EMP) and precipitated ∼99% of the leached P in the cathode chamber. Around 54.3-78.7% of total P existed in two harvestable forms: suspended solids in the cathode effluent and immobilized P in the cathode chamber. The solid products contained 28.42-33.51% of PO, comparable to the high-grade phosphate rock. Higher current densities reduced cathode scaling and resulted in a lower content of heavy metals in the solid products. An acidic solution was reused three times and effectively maintained cathode performance during a 42-cycle operation, achieving a consistent P recovery efficiency of nearly 80%. Those results have demonstrated the feasibility of the EPRC for recovering P from P-rich solid wastes.
Topics: Phosphorus; Metals, Heavy
PubMed: 37364242
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02843 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Mar 2020Ferric citrate is an oral iron-based phosphate binder, being known to affect iron status and improve iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD)...
Ferric citrate is an oral iron-based phosphate binder, being known to affect iron status and improve iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We examined whether oral administration of ferric citrate could change iron status and improve anemia without affecting phosphorus metabolism in iron deficiency anemia rats. In Normal rat study, normal rats were fed a diet containing 0.3 or 3% ferric citrate for 11 days for setting the dose and administration period of ferric citrate. The effects of ferric citrate on iron status- and phosphorus metabolism-related parameters were evaluated using blood and urine samples. Next, an iron deficiency anemia was induced by feeding iron-depleted diet in rats. After 7 days of starting the iron-depleted diet, 0.3% ferric citrate was administered for 7 days by dietary admixture. Iron status- and phosphorus metabolism-related parameters were evaluated with blood and urine samples. In Normal rat study, 3% ferric citrate treatment increased serum iron level and transferrin saturation (TSAT), and decreased serum phosphorus level, intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (iFGF23) level, and urinary phosphorus excretion, but 0.3% ferric citrate treatment showed no effects. On the other hand, in Iron deficiency anemia rat study, 0.3% ferric citrate treatment increased iron status-related parameters and improved anemia, but did not show any apparent changes in phosphorus metabolism-related parameters. In conclusion, ferric citrate could have hematopoietic effects without affecting phosphorus metabolism, and could be a potential option for the treatment of IDA in patients without CKD.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Animals; Ferric Compounds; Fibroblast Growth Factor-23; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Phosphorus; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 31996496
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0641 -
Biotechnology Advances 2016Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, a major plant nutrient that is essential for modern agriculture. Currently, global food and feed production depends on P... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus (P) is a non-renewable resource, a major plant nutrient that is essential for modern agriculture. Currently, global food and feed production depends on P extracted from finite phosphate rock reserves mainly confined to a small number of countries. P limitation and its potential socio-economic impact may well exceed the potential effects of fossil fuel scarcity. The efficiency of P usage today barely reaches 20%, with the remaining 80% ending up in wastewater or in surface waters as runoff from fields. When recovered from wastewater, either chemically or biologically, P is often present in a form that does not meet specifications for agricultural use. As an alternative, the potential of microalgae to accumulate large quantities of P can be a way to direct this resource back to crop plants. Algae can acquire and store P through luxury uptake, and the P enriched algal biomass can be used as bio-fertilizer. Technology of large-scale algae cultivation has made tremendous progress in the last decades, stimulated by perspectives of obtaining third generation biofuels without requiring arable land or fresh water. These new cultivation technologies can be used for solar-driven recycling of P and other nutrients from wastewater into algae-based bio-fertilizers. In this paper, we review the specifics of P uptake from nutrient-rich waste streams, paying special attention to luxury uptake by microalgal cells and the potential application of P-enriched algal biomass to fertilize crop soils.
Topics: Biotechnology; Crops, Agricultural; Fertilizers; Microalgae; Phosphorus; Wastewater; Water Purification
PubMed: 26795876
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.01.002 -
Biosensors Nov 2022As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional... (Review)
Review
As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional treatments include a number of negative effects, making it necessary to investigate novel smart drug delivery methods and identify new therapeutic approaches. Efforts for developing novel strategies for breast cancer therapy are being devised worldwide by various research groups. Currently, two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have attracted considerable attention and are best suited for theranostic nanomedicine. Particularly, their characteristics, including drug loading efficacy, biocompatibility, optical, thermal, electrical, and phototherapeutic characteristics, support their growing demand as a potential substitute for graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we have explained different platforms of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer management, their structures, functionalization approaches, and general methods of synthesis. Various characteristics of BP nanomaterials that make them suitable for cancer therapy and diagnosis, such as large surface area, nontoxicity, solubility, biodegradability, and excellent near-infrared (NIR) absorption capability, are discussed in the later sections. Next, we summarize targeting approaches using various strategies for effective therapy with BP nanoplatforms. Then, we describe applications of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment, which include drug delivery, codelivery of drugs, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, combined therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multidrug resistance reversal strategy. Finally, the present challenges and future aspects of BP nanomaterials are discussed.
Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Nanostructures; Photochemotherapy; Graphite
PubMed: 36421127
DOI: 10.3390/bios12111009 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jan 2022Planktonic organic matter forms the base of the marine food web, and its nutrient content (C:N:P) governs material and energy fluxes in the ocean. Over Earth history,...
Planktonic organic matter forms the base of the marine food web, and its nutrient content (C:N:P) governs material and energy fluxes in the ocean. Over Earth history, C:N:P had a crucial role in marine metazoan evolution and global biogeochemical dynamics, but the geologic history of C:N:P is unknown, and it is often regarded constant at the "Redfield" ratio of ∼106:16:1. We calculated C:N:P through Phanerozoic time by including nutrient- and temperature-dependent C:N:P parameterizations in a model of the long-timescale biogeochemical cycles. We infer a decrease from high Paleozoic C:P and N:P to present-day ratios, which stems from a decrease in the global average temperature and an increase in seawater phosphate availability. These changes in the phytoplankton's growth environment were driven by various Phanerozoic events: specifically, the middle to late Paleozoic expansion of land plants and the Triassic breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea, which increased continental weatherability and the fluxes of weathering-derived phosphate to the oceans. The resulting increase in the nutrient content of planktonic organic matter likely impacted the evolution of marine fauna and global biogeochemistry.
Topics: Carbon; Geologic Sediments; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Phytoplankton
PubMed: 34937697
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113263118