Authors: Mona S Calvo, Christel J Lamberg-Allardt

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Policy; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, Dietary; Young Adult

PubMed: 26567206
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008516

Review

Authors: Jane Ru Choi, Kar Wey Yong, Jean Yu Choi...

Black phosphorus (BP), also known as phosphorene, has attracted recent scientific attention since its first successful exfoliation in 2014 owing to its unique structure and properties. In particular, its exceptional attributes, such as the excellent optical and mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and electron-transfer capacity, contribute to its increasing demand as an alternative to graphene-based materials in biomedical applications. Although the outlook of this material seems promising, its practical applications are still highly challenging. In this review article, we discuss the unique properties of BP, which make it a potential platform for biomedical applications compared to other 2D materials, including graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS), tungsten diselenide (WSe) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). We then introduce various synthesis methods of BP and review its latest progress in biomedical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, photoacoustic imaging and cancer therapies (i.e., photothermal and photodynamic therapies). Lastly, the existing challenges and future perspective of BP in biomedical applications are briefly discussed.

Topics: Biomedical Research; Biosensing Techniques; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Phosphorus; Photoacoustic Techniques; Phototherapy

PubMed: 29463996
DOI: 10.7150/thno.22573

Authors: Scott T McClure, Casey M Rebholz, Sibyl Medabalimi...

BACKGROUND

Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a major cause of preventable disease in the United States and around the world. It has been postulated that phosphorus intake may affect BP, with some studies suggesting a direct and others an inverse association.

OBJECTIVES

We systematically reviewed the literature on the association of dietary phosphorus with BP in adults and performed a qualitative synthesis.

METHODS

We included randomized and nonrandomized behavioral intervention and feeding studies (intervention studies) and prospective observational studies that measured dietary phosphorus intake or urinary phosphorus excretion and BP. We excluded studies of supplements, children, or individuals with major medical conditions. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Trials, and clinicaltrials.gov on 1 June, 2017 and 22 August, 2018. We assessed studies' risk of bias in their assessment of phosphorus exposure and BP.

RESULTS

We reviewed 4759 publications and included 14 intervention studies (2497 participants), 3 prospective observational cohorts (17,795 participants), and 2 ongoing trials. No included intervention studies were designed specifically to achieve a phosphorus contrast. Two studies found a significant positive association of dietary phosphorus with systolic BP, 4 a significant inverse association, and 8 no significant association. Four studies found a significant inverse association with diastolic BP and 10 no significant associations. Two cohorts found lower risk of incident hypertension comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles of phosphorus intake and 1 found no significant difference: HR: 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.98); HR: 0.83 (95% CI: 0.68, 1.02); and HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.45, 1.27), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

We found no consistent association between total dietary phosphorus intake and BP in adults in the published literature nor any randomized trials designed to examine this association. This trial was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42017062489.

Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hypertension; Nutritional Status; Phosphorus

PubMed: 31051505
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy343

Review

Authors: Michael D Kraft

Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) serve vital roles in the human body and are essential components of nutrition support therapy. Regulation of P and regulation of Ca in the body are closely interrelated, and P and Ca homeostasis can be affected by several factors, including disease states, clinical condition, severity of illness, and medications. Nutrition support clinicians must understand these factors to prevent and treat P and Ca disorders in patients receiving nutrition support therapy. This review provides an overview of P and Ca for the adult nutrition support clinician, with some emphasis on the hospitalized inpatient.

Topics: Adult; Calcium; Homeostasis; Humans; Nutritional Support; Phosphorus; Practice Guidelines as Topic

PubMed: 25550328
DOI: 10.1177/0884533614565251

Review

Authors: Manuela Voráčová, Matej Zore, Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma...

Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antibacterial agents. Recently, the use of phosphorus in antibacterial agents has been explored in quite an unprecedent manner. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the use of phosphorus-containing moieties (phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonopeptides, phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, and phosphoniums) in compounds with antibacterial effect, including their use as β-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial disinfectants. We show that phosphorus-containing moieties can serve as novel pharmacophores, bioisosteres, and prodrugs to modify pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. We further discuss the mechanisms of action, biological activities, clinical use and highlight possible future prospects.

Topics: Phosphorus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Bacteria; Organophosphonates

PubMed: 37939493
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117512

Authors: Carroll P Vance, Tzyy-Jen Chiou

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Genome, Plant; Phenotype; Phosphorus; Plants; Quantitative Trait Loci

PubMed: 21724751
DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.900415

Authors: Asif Iqbal, Dong Qiang, Wang Xiangru...

Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton genotypes that might be a possible option to grow in low P condition. In the current study, we characterized the response of two cotton genotypes, Jimian169 a strong low P tolerant, and DES926 a weak low P tolerant genotypes under low and normal P conditions. The results showed that low P greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, and enzymatic activities related to antioxidant system and carbohydrate metabolism and the inhibition was more in DES926 as compared to Jimian169. In contrast, low P improved root morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and P metabolism, especially in Jimian169, whereas the opposite responses were observed for DES926. The strong low P tolerance in Jimian169 is linked with a better root system and enhanced P and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that Jimian169 is a model genotype for cotton breeding. Results thus indicate that the Jimian169, compared with DES926, tolerates low P by enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and by inducing the activity of several enzymes related to P metabolism. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Jimian169 to use P more efficiently. Moreover, the transcript level of the key genes could provide useful information to study the molecular mechanism of low P tolerance in cotton.

Topics: Phosphorus; Plant Breeding; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Photosynthesis; Genotype

PubMed: 36792994
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04100-6

Review

Authors: Linda M Guiney, Xiang Wang, Tian Xia...

The family of two-dimensional (2D) materials is comprised of a continually expanding palette of unique compositions and properties with potential applications in electronics, optoelectronics, energy capture and storage, catalysis, and nanomedicine. To accelerate the implementation of 2D materials in widely disseminated technologies, human health and environmental implications need to be addressed. While extensive research has focused on assessing the toxicity and environmental fate of graphene and related carbon nanomaterials, the potential hazards of other 2D materials have only recently begun to be explored. Herein, the toxicity and environmental fate of postcarbon 2D materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides, hexagonal boron nitride, and black phosphorus, are reviewed as a function of their preparation methods and surface functionalization. Specifically, we delineate how the hazard potential of 2D materials is directly related to structural parameters and physicochemical properties and how experimental design is critical to the accurate elucidation of the underlying toxicological mechanisms. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach for streamlining the hazard assessment of emerging 2D materials is outlined, thereby providing a pathway for accelerating their safe use in a range of technologically relevant contexts.

Topics: Animals; Boron Compounds; Environment; Humans; Metals; Models, Molecular; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Phosphorus; Risk Assessment; Surface Properties

PubMed: 29889491
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02491

Review

Authors: Soji Soman, Sanjay Kulkarni, Abhijeet Pandey...

As per global cancer statistics of 2020, female breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also the foremost cause of cancer death in women. Traditional treatments include a number of negative effects, making it necessary to investigate novel smart drug delivery methods and identify new therapeutic approaches. Efforts for developing novel strategies for breast cancer therapy are being devised worldwide by various research groups. Currently, two-dimensional black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) have attracted considerable attention and are best suited for theranostic nanomedicine. Particularly, their characteristics, including drug loading efficacy, biocompatibility, optical, thermal, electrical, and phototherapeutic characteristics, support their growing demand as a potential substitute for graphene-based nanomaterials in biomedical applications. In this review, we have explained different platforms of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer management, their structures, functionalization approaches, and general methods of synthesis. Various characteristics of BP nanomaterials that make them suitable for cancer therapy and diagnosis, such as large surface area, nontoxicity, solubility, biodegradability, and excellent near-infrared (NIR) absorption capability, are discussed in the later sections. Next, we summarize targeting approaches using various strategies for effective therapy with BP nanoplatforms. Then, we describe applications of BP nanomaterials for breast cancer treatment, which include drug delivery, codelivery of drugs, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, combined therapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, and multidrug resistance reversal strategy. Finally, the present challenges and future aspects of BP nanomaterials are discussed.

Topics: Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Phosphorus; Nanostructures; Photochemotherapy; Graphite

PubMed: 36421127
DOI: 10.3390/bios12111009

Review

Authors: Tore Brembu, Alice Mühlroth, Leila Alipanah...

Phosphorus is an essential element for life, serving as an integral component of nucleic acids, lipids and a diverse range of other metabolites. Concentrations of bioavailable phosphorus are low in many aquatic environments. Microalgae, including diatoms, apply physiological and molecular strategies such as phosphorus scavenging or recycling as well as adjusting cell growth in order to adapt to limiting phosphorus concentrations. Such strategies also involve adjustments of the carbon metabolism. Here, we review the effect of phosphorus limitation on carbon metabolism in diatoms. Two transcriptome studies are analysed in detail, supplemented by other transcriptome, proteome and metabolite data, to gain an overview of different pathways and their responses. Phosphorus, nitrogen and silicon limitation responses are compared, and similarities and differences discussed. We use the current knowledge to propose a suggestive model for the carbon flow in phosphorus-replete and phosphorus-limited diatom cells.This article is part of the themed issue 'The peculiar carbon metabolism in diatoms'.

Topics: Carbon; Diatoms; Phosphorus

PubMed: 28717016
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0406