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Theranostics 2018Black phosphorus (BP), also known as phosphorene, has attracted recent scientific attention since its first successful exfoliation in 2014 owing to its unique structure... (Review)
Review
Black phosphorus (BP), also known as phosphorene, has attracted recent scientific attention since its first successful exfoliation in 2014 owing to its unique structure and properties. In particular, its exceptional attributes, such as the excellent optical and mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and electron-transfer capacity, contribute to its increasing demand as an alternative to graphene-based materials in biomedical applications. Although the outlook of this material seems promising, its practical applications are still highly challenging. In this review article, we discuss the unique properties of BP, which make it a potential platform for biomedical applications compared to other 2D materials, including graphene, molybdenum disulphide (MoS), tungsten diselenide (WSe) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). We then introduce various synthesis methods of BP and review its latest progress in biomedical applications, such as biosensing, drug delivery, photoacoustic imaging and cancer therapies (i.e., photothermal and photodynamic therapies). Lastly, the existing challenges and future perspective of BP in biomedical applications are briefly discussed.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Biosensing Techniques; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Phosphorus; Photoacoustic Techniques; Phototherapy
PubMed: 29463996
DOI: 10.7150/thno.22573 -
Plant Physiology Jul 2011
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Genome, Plant; Phenotype; Phosphorus; Plants; Quantitative Trait Loci
PubMed: 21724751
DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.900415 -
Molecular Plant Jan 2022Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and reproduction. Plants preferentially absorb P as orthophosphate (Pi), an ion that displays low solubility and... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and reproduction. Plants preferentially absorb P as orthophosphate (Pi), an ion that displays low solubility and that is readily fixed in the soil, making P limitation a condition common to many soils and Pi fertilization an inefficient practice. To cope with Pi limitation, plants have evolved a series of developmental and physiological responses, collectively known as the Pi starvation rescue system (PSR), aimed to improve Pi acquisition and use efficiency (PUE) and protect from Pi-starvation-induced stress. Intensive research has been carried out during the last 20 years to unravel the mechanisms underlying the control of the PSR in plants. Here we review the results of this research effort that have led to the identification and characterization of several core Pi starvation signaling components, including sensors, transcription factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) and miRNA inhibitors, kinases, phosphatases, and components of the proteostasis machinery. We also refer to recent results revealing the existence of intricate signaling interplays between Pi and other nutrients and antagonists, N, Fe, Zn, and As, that have changed the initial single-nutrient-centric view to a more integrated view of nutrient homeostasis. Finally, we discuss advances toward improving PUE and future research priorities.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Phosphorus; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34954444
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.005 -
BMC Plant Biology Feb 2023Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton...
Low phosphorus (P) is one of the limiting factors in sustainable cotton production. However, little is known about the performance of contrasting low P tolerant cotton genotypes that might be a possible option to grow in low P condition. In the current study, we characterized the response of two cotton genotypes, Jimian169 a strong low P tolerant, and DES926 a weak low P tolerant genotypes under low and normal P conditions. The results showed that low P greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, and enzymatic activities related to antioxidant system and carbohydrate metabolism and the inhibition was more in DES926 as compared to Jimian169. In contrast, low P improved root morphology, carbohydrate accumulation, and P metabolism, especially in Jimian169, whereas the opposite responses were observed for DES926. The strong low P tolerance in Jimian169 is linked with a better root system and enhanced P and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that Jimian169 is a model genotype for cotton breeding. Results thus indicate that the Jimian169, compared with DES926, tolerates low P by enhancing carbohydrate metabolism and by inducing the activity of several enzymes related to P metabolism. This apparently causes rapid P turnover and enables the Jimian169 to use P more efficiently. Moreover, the transcript level of the key genes could provide useful information to study the molecular mechanism of low P tolerance in cotton.
Topics: Phosphorus; Plant Breeding; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Photosynthesis; Genotype
PubMed: 36792994
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04100-6 -
Water Research Jul 2022Global phosphorus reserves are under pressure of depletion in the near future due to increased consumption of primary phosphorus reservoirs and improper management of... (Review)
Review
Global phosphorus reserves are under pressure of depletion in the near future due to increased consumption of primary phosphorus reservoirs and improper management of phosphorus. At the same time, a considerable portion of global marine water bodies has been suffering from eutrophication due to excessive nutrient loading. The marine environment can be considered as a valuable phosphorus source due to nutrient rich eutrophic seawater and sediment which could potentially serve as phosphorus mines in the near future. Hence, sustainable phosphorus recovery strategies should be adapted for marine systems to provide phosphorus for the growing market demand and simultaneously control eutrophication. In this review, possible sustainable strategies for phosphorus removal and recovery from marine environments are discussed in detail. Bio-based strategies relying on natural phosphorus uptake/release metabolism of living organisms are suggested as promising options that can provide both phosphorus removal and recovery from marine waters for achieving a sustainable marine ecosystem. Among them, the utilization of microorganisms seems promising to develop novel strategies. However, the research gap for the technical applicability of these strategies is still considerably big. Therefore, future research should focus on the technical development of the strategies through laboratory and/or field studies. Coupling phosphorus mining with other valorisation pathways (i.e., metal recovery, energy production) is also suggested to improve overall sustainability and economic viability. Environmental, economic and societal challenges should altogether be well addressed prior to real scale applications.
Topics: Ecosystem; Eutrophication; Mining; Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Seawater
PubMed: 35561625
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118505 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2015
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Policy; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; Phosphorus; Phosphorus, Dietary; Young Adult
PubMed: 26567206
DOI: 10.3945/an.115.008516 -
Nutrition in Clinical Practice :... Feb 2015Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) serve vital roles in the human body and are essential components of nutrition support therapy. Regulation of P and regulation of Ca in... (Review)
Review
Phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) serve vital roles in the human body and are essential components of nutrition support therapy. Regulation of P and regulation of Ca in the body are closely interrelated, and P and Ca homeostasis can be affected by several factors, including disease states, clinical condition, severity of illness, and medications. Nutrition support clinicians must understand these factors to prevent and treat P and Ca disorders in patients receiving nutrition support therapy. This review provides an overview of P and Ca for the adult nutrition support clinician, with some emphasis on the hospitalized inpatient.
Topics: Adult; Calcium; Homeostasis; Humans; Nutritional Support; Phosphorus; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 25550328
DOI: 10.1177/0884533614565251 -
The Science of the Total Environment Nov 2022Eutrophication continues to be a concerning global water quality issue. Managing and mitigating harmful algal blooms demands clear information on the conditions...
Eutrophication continues to be a concerning global water quality issue. Managing and mitigating harmful algal blooms demands clear information on the conditions promoting large phosphorus losses from contributing watersheds. Of particular concern is the amount and form of phosphorus loading to receiving water bodies during extreme runoff events, which are expected to increase in frequency due to climate change. Five years (2015 to 2020) of water quantity and quality data from 11 agricultural watersheds in the lower Great Lakes basin were analyzed and used to model total and dissolved phosphorus losses. This study aimed to assess temporal dynamics in phosphorus concentrations and losses over runoff events covering a wide range of hydrologic conditions and to quantify their relative importance on annual phosphorus losses. Event concentration-discharge relationships for total and dissolved phosphorus were hysteretic and had contrasting dominant patterns across watersheds. The proportion of annual phosphorus losses during events was highly variable between watersheds, accounting for 47-94 %. Extreme events were particularly impactful: as few as three events per year were found to be responsible for nearly half of total phosphorus (20-50 %) and total dissolved phosphorus (14-44 %) losses. Variability in total and dissolved phosphorus losses and concentrations over a wide range of flow conditions suggests that event magnitude is an important control on the relative mobility of particulate and dissolved phosphorus fractions. This study showed that insights into nutrient dynamics and phosphorus budgets in the lower Great Lakes basin and agriculture dominated environments more broadly can be gained by assessing event nutrient losses with respect to flow conditions and patterns in concentration-discharge relationships.
Topics: Agriculture; Environmental Monitoring; Eutrophication; Phosphorus; Rivers
PubMed: 35926630
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157736 -
Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Dec 2023Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of... (Review)
Review
Clinically manifested resistance of bacteria to antibiotics has emerged as a global threat to society and there is an urgent need for the development of novel classes of antibacterial agents. Recently, the use of phosphorus in antibacterial agents has been explored in quite an unprecedent manner. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the use of phosphorus-containing moieties (phosphonates, phosphonamidates, phosphonopeptides, phosphates, phosphoramidates, phosphinates, phosphine oxides, and phosphoniums) in compounds with antibacterial effect, including their use as β-lactamase inhibitors and antibacterial disinfectants. We show that phosphorus-containing moieties can serve as novel pharmacophores, bioisosteres, and prodrugs to modify pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. We further discuss the mechanisms of action, biological activities, clinical use and highlight possible future prospects.
Topics: Phosphorus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Bacteria; Organophosphonates
PubMed: 37939493
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117512 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2023The review presents extensive data (from the works of the author and literature) on the structure of - and -chlorophosphorylated enamines and the related heterocycles... (Review)
Review
The review presents extensive data (from the works of the author and literature) on the structure of - and -chlorophosphorylated enamines and the related heterocycles obtained by multipulse multinuclear H, C, and P NMR spectroscopy. The use of phosphorus pentachloride as a phosphorylating agent for functional enamines enables the synthesis of various - and -phosphorylated products that are heterocyclized to form various promising nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing heterocyclic systems. P NMR spectroscopy is the most convenient, reliable and unambiguous method for the study and identification of organophosphorus compounds with different coordination numbers of the phosphorus atom, as well as for the determination of their - and -isomeric forms. An alteration of the coordination number of the phosphorus atom in the phosphorylated compounds from 3 to 6 leads to a drastic screening of the P nucleus from about +200 to -300 ppm. The unique structural features of nitrogen-phosphorus-containing heterocyclic compounds are discussed.
Topics: Phosphorus; Organophosphorus Compounds; Heterocyclic Compounds; Nitrogen; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 37298598
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119646