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International Journal of Ophthalmology 2014To investigate the relationship between pinguecula and the use of tandoor ovens.
AIM
To investigate the relationship between pinguecula and the use of tandoor ovens.
METHODS
A total of 539 women, ranging in age from 20 to 86y who attended an outpatient clinic were enrolled. All the patients were asked whether they used tandoor ovens. Women exposed to tandoor ovens (n=286) were accepted as participants in the study group and they were compared with participants in the control group (n=253). The age, presence of pinguecula, duration of exposure to tandoor ovens as years and occupations were recorded for all the subjects.
RESULTS
Mean duration for exposure to tandoor was 20.26y (range 1-62y) in the study group. The rate of pinguecula in the study group was 82.2% (235/286), and the rate in the control group was 37.5% (95/253); this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pinguecula was seen in 61.2% (330/539) of all the participants.
CONCLUSION
Pinguecula is strongly associated with exposure to tandoor ovens.
PubMed: 25540757
DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.06.19 -
Eye & Contact Lens May 2017To determine the change in local vascularization after pinguecula excision and conjunctival autograft secured with fibrin glue at 12 months.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the change in local vascularization after pinguecula excision and conjunctival autograft secured with fibrin glue at 12 months.
METHODS
Thirty-one eyes of 31 patients which underwent excision and conjunctival autografting with fibrin glue were retrospectively reviewed. Anterior segment photography was obtained before and after the surgery. Cosmetic outcome was evaluated by patient self-grading (five-point scale; excellent (5), good (4), acceptable (3), poor (2), and very poor (1)), and medical evaluation of treatment outcome was based on subjective evaluation of vascularization on anterior segment photography (four-point severity scale; 0 [low] to 3 [high]). Clinical outcome and complications are reported at 12 months.
RESULTS
Overall cosmetic results were excellent or good in 93.5% (29 of 31) (score 4.68±0.60). Anterior segment photography showed that most cases demonstrated complete removal of pinguecula and regression of surrounding vascularization with mean change in score from 2.13±0.34 preoperatively to 0.09±0.30 postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Pinguecula excision and conjunctival autograft using fibrin glue is an effective and safe method to remove pinguecula for cosmetic purposes. The method presented facilitated regression of vascularization.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Eye Segment; Autografts; Conjunctiva; Conjunctival Diseases; Disease Progression; Female; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Tissue Adhesives; Tissue Transplantation; Young Adult
PubMed: 27058827
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000250 -
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2022Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics,...
PURPOSE
Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics, local environmental factors, and access to ophthalmic treatment. Here we describe the ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis among denizens of the Amazon region of Para, Brazil, treated by the rheumatology service of Universidade do Estado do Pará.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study examined 23 psoriatic arthritis patients (median age 47.78 years, no sex predominance) diagnosed according to Caspar's criteria. Disease activity was evaluated according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. Ophthalmological examinations performed included visual acuity with distance correction, biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, Schirmer test I, tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining. Patients also completed The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.
RESULTS
The most common ophthalmic disorders were dry eye (60.9%), cataracts (56.5%), blepharitis (47.8%), keratitis (43.5%), meibomitis (30.4%), pterygium (26, 1%), and pinguecula (13%). More than half of all patients demonstrated recent onset (>5 years), the peripheral disease type, and severe symptoms according to Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis.
CONCLUSION
The ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis are varied and mainly affect the ocular surface. Regular ophthalmological follow-up is recommended for patients in the early stage with high disease activity.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dry Eye Syndromes; Fluorescein; Humans; Middle Aged; Tears
PubMed: 35170643
DOI: 10.5935/0004-2749.20220086 -
Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) 2021Everybody is exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the natural source of ultraviolet radiation is sunlight. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of...
BACKGROUND
Everybody is exposed to ultraviolet radiation and the natural source of ultraviolet radiation is sunlight. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of solar keratopathy, pterygium and cataract and further to evaluate other factors that cause blindness to the inhabitants of the Northern Red Sea Zone islands of Eritrea.
METHODS
It was a community-based cross-sectional study of all people aged 40 years and above, with a census sampling method. Study participants were screened for presence of solar keratopathy and other ocular diseases, and data were collected by a checklist from March 20 to April 20, 2021. Data were entered on an Excel sheet and transported to SPSS version 21. Results were presented with frequencies and percentages and chi-squared bivariable analysis was carried. -value less than 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of solar keratopathy and cataract was 19.6% and 15.8%, respectively. Pterygium (40%) and pinguecula (32.1%) were also commonly found in the community. Participants aged 70 years and above (<0.001), fishermen (<0.001), housewife (<0.001) and females (<0.001) had a higher rate of blindness. The prevalence of solar keratopathy was higher with increased age and work experience (<0.001). Fishermen and housewives had higher rates of solar keratopathy (44.6%) and cataract (30.2%), respectively, (<0.001). Respondents aged 40 to 49 years had the highest prevalence of pterygium (44.1%) and pinguecula (39.1%) (<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium and pinguecula was high in the community. Fishermen with increased work experience were having the highest prevalence of blindness and solar keratopathy. Age, occupation, work experience, sex, vision problems and history of eye operations had showed significant association with visual acuity, solar keratopathy, cataract, pterygium, and pinguecula. Community awareness about the preventive aspects of these diseases is highly recommended.
PubMed: 34285465
DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S321413 -
Scientific Reports May 2023Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage....
Ultraviolet autofluorescence (UVAF) imaging is used to visualise ocular surface changes due to sunlight exposure and so is considered to be a biomarker for UV damage. The conjunctival and scleral thicknesses of participants with and without ocular surface UVAF were measured to examine the UVAF associated tissue thicknesses. The presence of UVAF on the ocular surface was associated with significant differences in tissue thickness including thinner conjunctival epitheliums and thicker scleras but predominantly thickening of the conjunctival stroma. Participants were also classified into four groups according to the presence and absence of UVAF on both the temporal and nasal conjunctivas. It was noted that for those that had only nasal UVAF, the temporal conjunctival stroma was significantly thicker even without the presence of UVAF. Some participants with temporal UVAF had signs of pinguecula observed with slit lamp examination and some had OCT SLO enface imaging darkening. These findings highlight the potential of techniques other than slit lamp examination, including tissue thickness measurement and UVAF photography, in the detection of early UV-related changes to the ocular surface.
Topics: Humans; Sclera; Ultraviolet Rays; Cross-Sectional Studies; Conjunctiva; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37193731
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35062-2 -
BMC Ophthalmology Dec 2019To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
BACKGROUND
To determine the repeatability of measurements of ocular surface vessel density in normal and diseased eyes using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).
METHODS
Ten normal eyes, 10 pinguecula eyes, and 10 pterygium eyes of 30 volunteers were subjected to OCTA (AngioVue Imaging System, Optovue, Inc.). For scanning, we used the corneal adapter module. Each eye was scanned three times in the nasal and temporal directions, separately. AngioVue software was used to generate the ocular surface vessel density. Ocular surface vessel density was defined as the proportion of vessel area with blood flow to the total measurement area (3 × 3 mm). Intersession repeatability of the measurement was summarized as the coefficient of variation (CV), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated by variance component models.
RESULTS
The CVs were less than 5% in all subjects, and the ICCs exceeded 0.9; thus, all measurements showed good repeatability. The nasal vessels densities differed significantly between healthy eyes and eyes with pterygium (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference between healthy eyes and eyes with pinguecula (P = 0.466).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that measurement of ocular surface vessel density by OCTA in normal eyes and eyes with pterygium and pinguecula is repeatable. This preliminary research describes a quantitative and visual method for assessing vessel density of the ocular surface with a high level of consistency.
Topics: Adult; Blood Vessels; Conjunctiva; Cornea; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Reproducibility of Results; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31823755
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-019-1255-2 -
Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology 2021This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and findings of patients diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis in our clinic and the risk factors...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the relationship between clinical symptoms and findings of patients diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis in our clinic and the risk factors reported in the literature, to determine new possible etiological factors, and to compare routine tear assessment methods with novel strip meniscometry in these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study included patients who presented to our clinic between March 2019 and June 2019 and were diagnosed with conjunctivochalasis. The Ocular Surface Disease Index was used to assess ocular surface symptoms. Anterior segment examination included tear break-up time, corneal staining, localization of conjunctivochalasis, and the presence of pinguecula or pterygium. For each patient, tears were measured using both Schirmer and strip meniscometry. Patients with conjunctivochalasis were evaluated as lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 1, 2, or 3.
RESULTS
There was a total of 57 participants, including 31 women (54.4%) and 26 men (45.6%). Lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade was found to be statistically significantly associated with dust exposure ( = 0.034). Multiple regression analysis revealed that dust exposure was an independent predictor of being diagnosed with lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 2 lid-parallel conjunctival folds grade 1 (odds ratio = 3.515, = 0.029). Moreover, Schirmer's test and strip meniscometry results were positively correlated in patients with conjunctivochalasis ( = 0.302 and = 0.022).
CONCLUSION
We conclude that external factors are prominent in patients with conjunctivochalasis, especially dust exposure. In addition, strip meniscometry may be preferred as a more practical and noninvasive alternative to investigate dry eye symptoms in patients with conjunctivochalasis.
PubMed: 34263137
DOI: 10.1177/25158414211027757 -
Ophthalmology Nov 2017To document the ocular manifestations of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), presenting via the United Kingdom (UK) XP service, and to analyze the correlations between XP... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
To document the ocular manifestations of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), presenting via the United Kingdom (UK) XP service, and to analyze the correlations between XP genotype and ophthalmic phenotype.
DESIGN
Prospective observational case series.
SUBJECTS
Eighty-nine patients seen by the UK Nationally Commissioned XP Service, from April 2010 to December 2014, with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of XP.
METHODS
Patients underwent a full ophthalmic examination at each visit. Clinical features from both eyes were recorded on a standard proforma. The most recent assessments were analyzed. A 2-tailed Fisher exact test was used to assess for differences in ocular features between patients in XP subgroups with impaired transcription coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) (category 1: XP-A, B, D, F, and G) and preserved TC-NER (category 2: XP-C, E, and V).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Lid and periocular abnormalities, ocular surface pathologies, neuro-ophthalmologic abnormalities, lens and retinal abnormalities, and visual acuity (VA).
RESULTS
Ninety-three percent of XP patients in our cohort had ocular involvement, with 65% describing photophobia. The most common abnormalities were in the periocular skin and ocular surface, including interpalpebral conjunctival melanosis (44%) and conjunctival injection (43%). Eleven percent of patients had required treatment for periocular cancers and 2% for ocular surface cancers. The most common neuro-ophthalmologic finding was minimal pupillary reaction to light (25%). Patients in category 2 had significantly more ocular surface abnormalities than patients in category 1, including a greater proportion of conjunctival injection (P = 0.003), conjunctival corkscrew vessels (P < 0.001), corneal scarring (P = 0.01) and pingueculae under the age of 50 (P = 0.02). Meanwhile, patients in category 1 had a higher proportion of poorly reactive pupils (P < 0.001) and abnormal ocular movements (P = 0.03) compared with those in category 2. Five patients (6%) presented to ophthalmologists with ocular surface signs related to XP, before any formal diagnosis of XP was made.
CONCLUSIONS
A large proportion of XP patients have ocular involvement. Regular examination by an ophthalmologist is essential, especially in screening for eyelid and ocular surface tumors. The ocular phenotype-genotype segregation within XP patients suggests that XP is a heterogeneous and complex disease. With further study, we hope to offer these patients more individualized patient care.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Color Vision; Eye Diseases; Female; Genetic Association Studies; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Pupil; Tonometry, Ocular; United Kingdom; Visual Acuity; Xeroderma Pigmentosum
PubMed: 28554534
DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.04.031 -
Cornea Dec 2015Fuchs flecks (FFs) have been previously identified at the leading edge of pterygia and may represent collections of epithelial stem-like cells that give rise to this... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
PURPOSE
Fuchs flecks (FFs) have been previously identified at the leading edge of pterygia and may represent collections of epithelial stem-like cells that give rise to this condition. This study aims to evaluate the clinical significance of FFs in patients with ocular surface disorders, such as pterygium and pinguecula, by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).
METHODS
This study is a Single-center, retrospective, observational case series of 40 eyes from 20 patients with clinical diagnoses of pinguecula or pterygium, or both. IVCM (Rostock Cornea Module; Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was performed on patients with pinguecula or pterygium, or both. The presence of FFs on the ocular surface of patients with pterygium and pinguecula was assessed by IVCM and subsequently documented.
RESULTS
FFs were present in 24 of 30 eyes (80.0%) in paired macroscopically normal nasal or limbal regions, 19 of 20 (95.0%) in pinguecula, 13 of 15 (86.7%) in primary pterygia, and 7 of 7 (100%) in recurrent pterygia.
CONCLUSIONS
High rates of FFs were identified at the head of pinguecula, primary pterygium, recurrent pterygium, and macroscopically normal nasal and temporal limbus. We postulate that FFs may represent precursor lesions to UV-associated ocular surface pathology. Identification of Fuchs fleck by IVCM may permit clinicians to predict the patients who may progress to develop more advanced pathology.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Conjunctiva; Female; Humans; Limbus Corneae; Male; Microscopy, Confocal; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Pterygium; Radiation Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Stem Cells; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 26398157
DOI: 10.1097/ICO.0000000000000621 -
Eye & Contact Lens Nov 2019To investigate clinical features and treatment outcomes of pingueculitis with morphological assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
PURPOSE
To investigate clinical features and treatment outcomes of pingueculitis with morphological assessments using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).
METHODS
In this retrospective observational study, we examined 22 eyes of 22 patients with pingueculitis. All patients were treated with the same 2-week course of prednisolone acetate 1% drops four times per day. The clinical parameters evaluated were surface dimensions determined by slitlamp biomicroscopy, cross-sectional dimensions determined by AS-OCT, and symptom scores determined by patient surveys. Pretreatment and 1-month posttreatment values were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Patients were followed up to 1 year after treatment.
RESULTS
Twenty-two eyes from 22 patients (4 men and 18 women) with an average age of 37.7±8.8 (range, 27-57) years and an average duration of symptoms of 22 (range, 5-60) days were included. The average follow-up period was 14.7±0.8 (range, 12-22) months. Mean pretreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and cross-sectional area were 2.4±0.69 mm, 2.0±0.6 mm, 1.82±0.60 μm, and 5.14±2.05 mm, respectively. Mean posttreatment horizontal length, vertical length, conjunctival thickness, and area were 1.93±0.5 mm, 1.52±0.6 mm, 1.03±0.46 μm, and 2.33±0.83 mm, respectively. Mean pretreatment and posttreatment dry eye symptom scores were 3.27±0.77 and 1.13±0.38, respectively. The median pretreatment and posttreatment changes were statistically significant by Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for horizontal length (P<0.001), vertical length (P<0.001), conjunctival thickness (P=0.003), cross-sectional area (P=0.003), and dry eye symptom scores (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography allows the quantification of differences in the pingueculitis measurements before and after treatment. In this retrospective study, a short course of topical steroids effectively treated the inflammation in a sustained manner. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography demonstrated significant reduction in the thickness and cross-sectional area of the pinguecula and a conversion back to a homogeneous conjunctival stroma.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Eye Segment; Conjunctivitis; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Prednisolone; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 31663916
DOI: 10.1097/ICL.0000000000000574