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Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research 2023To assess the autofluorescence size and properties of pterygium and pinguecula by anterior segment autofluorescence (AS-AF) imaging and demonstrate the difference of...
PURPOSE
To assess the autofluorescence size and properties of pterygium and pinguecula by anterior segment autofluorescence (AS-AF) imaging and demonstrate the difference of autofluorescence size presented in AS-AF imaging compared to the extend size of the conjunctival lesion measured by anterior segment slit-lamp photography (AS-SLE).
METHODS
Twenty-five patients with primary pterygium and twenty-five with pinguecula were included in the study. In addition, 25 normal subjects were also enrolled as the control group. The AS-AF characteristics of pterygium and pinguecula lesions were analyzed. The size of lesions displayed in the AS-SLE photography versus the AS-AF images were also compared. AS-AF images were obtained using a Heidelberg retina angiograph which focused on the anterior segment. AS-SLE photography was acquired using a digital imaging system (BX900 HAAG-STREIT).
RESULTS
There were 44 (58.7%) male and 31 (41.3%) female patients; 19 (76%) and 20 (80%) patients had bilateral pterygium and pinguecula, respectively. All pinguecula lesions reflected hyperautofluorescence pattern in the AS-AF imaging. In 24 (96%) patients, the hyperautofluoresecence pattern was larger than the size of the clinical lesions displayed with the AS-SLE photography. Twenty-one (84%) patients with pterygium reflected a hyperautofluorescence pattern in AS-AF images; in one (4%) patient, the hyperautofluorescence pattern was larger than the clinical lesion size and four (16%) patients had no autofluorescence patterns in the AS-AF images. In the control group, in 14 (56%) subjects, a hypoautofluorescent pattern was revealed in the conjunctiva in AS-AF images. However, in 11 (44%) patients, hyperautofluorescence patterns were detected.
CONCLUSION
AS-AF is a useful modality to monitor vascularization in conjunctival lesions. Pingueculae and pterygium show hyperautofluorescence in AS-AF imaging. The real size of the pinguecula lesions may be estimated with AS-AF characteristics, mostly presenting larger than the area size in AS-SLE photography. The autofluorescence size of the pterygium is smaller than the extent of visible pterygium in slit-lamp photography.
PubMed: 37600917
DOI: 10.18502/jovr.v18i3.13773 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2023To assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the presence of pinguecula and to identify other risk factors associated with pinguecula in patients...
PURPOSE
To assess the relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and the presence of pinguecula and to identify other risk factors associated with pinguecula in patients attending the eye clinic at two tertiary university hospitals in Jordan.
METHODS
This was a comparative cross-sectional hospital-based study of 241 consecutive patients (122 patients with DM and 119 patients with no diabetes). All patients underwent complete ophthalmic examination, and data were collected regarding age, sex, occupational activity, presence and grade of pinguecula, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and presence of diabetic retinopathy.
RESULTS
The mean (standard deviation, SD) ages of the DM and non-DM groups were 59.5 (10.8) years and 59.0 (11.6) years (-value = 0.729), respectively. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of pinguecula between the diabetic and nondiabetic groups (66.4% vs. 66.5%, = 0.998). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that only outdoor occupational activity (OR = 5.16, 95% CI: 1.98-13.44, = 0.001) was associated with increased prevalence of pinguecula. DM was not significantly associated with pinguecula (OR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55-1.67, = 0.873). Neither age nor sex were significantly associated with pinguecula (-value = 0.808, -value = 0.390), respectively.
CONCLUSION
DM was not significantly associated with the development of pinguecula in this Jordanian population. The prevalence of pinguecula was significantly associated with an outdoor occupational activity.
PubMed: 36895265
DOI: 10.1155/2023/9060495 -
Eye (London, England) Mar 2011To determine the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and to investigate their associations in a general adult population in North-Western Spain.
PURPOSE
To determine the prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and to investigate their associations in a general adult population in North-Western Spain.
METHODS
An age-stratified random sample of 1155 subjects ≥ 40 years was selected in O Salnés (Spain). From 937 eligible subjects, 619 (66.1%) participated (mean age (SD): 63.4 (14.5) years, range: 40-96 years, 37.0% males). An interview to collect history of systemic diseases and lifestyle details and a comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation in which pinguecula and pterygium were recorded was carried out. The prevalence of pinguecula and pterygium and their relationship with lifestyle factors and ocular and systemic diseases was investigated.
RESULTS
The prevalence of pinguecula was 47.9% (95% confidence interval (CI): 43.9-51.9). This prevalence increased significantly with aging (P = 0.002) and was higher in men (56.4%; 95% CI: 50.0-62.7) than in women (42.7%; 95% CI: 37.8-47.8) (P=0.001). The prevalence of pterygium was 5.9% (95% CI: 4.3-7.9). This prevalence also increased significantly with aging (P = 0.005) and was 4.8% (95% CI: 2.6-8.4) in men and 6.5% (95% CI: 4.5-9.3) in women (P = 0.346). After controlling for age and sex, pinguecula was associated with alcohol intake (adjusted odds ratio (OR(a)): 3.08; 95% CI: 1.60-5.95), pterygium with fluorescein staining (OR(a): 2.64; 95% CI: 1.08-6.46) and both disorders with outer activity (OR(a): 2.07; 95% CI: 1.36-3.15 and 2.28; 95% CI: 1.04-4.98, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Pinguecula is far more common than pterygium. Alcohol consumption is strongly associated with pinguecula. Fluorescein staining is highly prevalent in subjects with pterygium. Both disorders increase with age and are associated with outer activity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Conjunctival Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Pterygium; Risk Factors; Spain
PubMed: 21183945
DOI: 10.1038/eye.2010.204 -
Journal of Ophthalmology 2018In this study, we evaluated corneal epithelial integrity and tear film parameters in patients with inflamed pinguecula and compared these findings with their fellow eyes...
PURPOSE
In this study, we evaluated corneal epithelial integrity and tear film parameters in patients with inflamed pinguecula and compared these findings with their fellow eyes and with healthy controls.
METHODS
We evaluated the fluorescein staining properties and performed the tear break-up time (TBUT) test and Schirmer 2 test (ST2) measurements of 32 patients who had symptomatic unilateral inflamed pinguecula and compared the results with their fellow eyes and also with an age- and sex-matched control group.
RESULTS
Twenty-three eyes (72%) in the inflamed pinguecula group and 1 eye (3.1%) in the fellow eyes group had punctate epithelial staining (PES) or epithelial defect on the nasal cornea ( < 0.001). There was no PES or epithelial defect in the control group. Eyes with inflamed pinguecula ( = 32) had lower TBUT and ST2 values compared to the control group ( 32) ( < 0.001 for both). Fellow eyes ( 32) also had lower TBUT and ST2 values compared to the control group (=0.003 for both). There was no difference in the TBUT and ST2 results between the eyes with inflamed pinguecula and fellow eyes (=0.286 and =0.951, respectively).
CONCLUSION
A high percentage of eyes with inflamed pinguecula had nasal corneal epithelial staining or epithelial defect. We also found lower TBUT and ST2 results in eyes with inflamed pinguecula and the fellow eyes compared to the control group. These findings may be important in pathogenesis of pinguecula and pterygium and also in uncovering their relation.
PubMed: 30515317
DOI: 10.1155/2018/2474173 -
Acta Medica Iranica 2012While pterygium is considered a common eye disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis is still not known. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of pterygium...
While pterygium is considered a common eye disorder, the etiology and pathogenesis is still not known. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of pterygium and pinguecula in the over 40 population of Shahroud and assess associated factors. The present study is part of the phase one of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study conducted in 2009, in which the target population was people between 40 and 64 years of age. Ophthalmic examinations were performed by two ophthalmologists who made the diagnosis of pterygium and pinguecula. We used Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, and multiple logistic regression tests to examine associations. Of the 6311 invitees, 5190 people participated in the study (response rate: 82.2%). The prevalence of pterygium in at least one eye was 9.4% (95% CI, 8.6-10.3), while 2.9% (95%CI, 2.4-3.3) had bilateral pterygium. The prevalence was significantly higher in men (11.4% vs. 8.0%), and remained relatively constant with age, while the prevalence in women significantly increased with age. The prevalence of pinguecula was 61.0% (95%CI, 59.1-62.9) in at least one eye, and 49.0% (95%CI, 47.1-50.9) in both eyes. The age difference between those with and without pinguecula was significant and the prevalence was significantly higher among men than women (70.6% vs. 53.8%). The prevalence of pterygium in our study was lower than reported rates in the world but higher than Tehran and was significantly associated with age, gender, working outdoors, and the level of education. The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral pinguecula falls in the mid range and was significantly associated with age, male gender, smoking, working outdoors, and level of education.
Topics: Adult; Age Distribution; Analysis of Variance; Astigmatism; Cohort Studies; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Iran; Male; Middle Aged; Occupations; Pinguecula; Prevalence; Pterygium; Sex Distribution; Smoking; Urban Population; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 23275285
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2021Solar damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is implicated in the development of two proliferative lesions of the ocular surface: pterygium and pinguecula. Pterygium...
Solar damage due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is implicated in the development of two proliferative lesions of the ocular surface: pterygium and pinguecula. Pterygium and pinguecula specimens were collected, along with adjacent healthy conjunctiva specimens. RNA was extracted and sequenced. Pairwise comparisons were made of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Computational methods were used for analysis. Transcripts from 18,630 genes were identified. Comparison of two subgroups of pterygium specimens uncovered evidence of genomic instability associated with inflammation and the immune response; these changes were also observed in pinguecula, but to a lesser extent. Among the top DEGs were four genes encoding tumor suppressors that were downregulated in pterygium: , , and ; and were also downregulated in pinguecula. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis overwhelmingly linked DEGs to cancer for both lesions; however, both lesions are clearly still benign, as evidenced by the expression of other genes indicating their well-differentiated and non-invasive character. Pathways for epithelial cell proliferation were identified that distinguish the two lesions, as well as genes encoding specific pathway components. Upregulated DEGs common to both lesions, including and , provide a further insight into pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that pterygium and pinguecula, while benign lesions, are both on the pathological pathway towards neoplastic transformation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Genomic Instability; Humans; Inflammation; Pinguecula; Pterygium; RNA-Seq; Transcriptome; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 34769520
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112090 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Dec 2012To assess the relationship between the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula.
PURPOSE
To assess the relationship between the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula.
METHODS
Cross-sectional, consecutive case study conducted at the university hospital of University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine. A total of 1061 patients aged from 1 to 94 years were enrolled. The grade and other parameters of conjunctivochalasis (classified into three locations: nasal, middle and temporal) and the grade of pinguecula located on the nasal or temporal conjunctiva were determined in all subjects. Patients were also divided into 5 or 10 age groups.
RESULTS
The severity of conjunctivochalasis affecting the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctiva was significantly correlated with the grade of pinguecula located on the nasal and temporal conjunctiva in each age group (p < 0.05). Pinguecula was independently associated with conjunctivochalasis (nasal: odds ratio [OR] = 1.44; temporal: OR = 1.43) after adjustment for age.
CONCLUSION
This was the first assessment of the relation between the grade of conjunctivochalasis and pinguecula in a large consecutive series of patients. Our results suggest that the prevalence and severity of conjunctivochalasis are related to the presence of pinguecula.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Child; Child, Preschool; Conjunctival Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hospitals, University; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pinguecula; Prevalence; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult
PubMed: 21518307
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02161.x -
Survey of Ophthalmology 1988Pingueculae and pterygia are benign peribulbar lesions composed of degenerated basophilic subepithelial tissue. Pingueculae do not affect vision, and minor irritation... (Review)
Review
Pingueculae and pterygia are benign peribulbar lesions composed of degenerated basophilic subepithelial tissue. Pingueculae do not affect vision, and minor irritation can usually be managed with artificial tears. Pterygia may affect the visual axis and require surgical and adjunctive treatment. The various therapeutic strategies are reviewed. A conservative approach is advocated, as surgical removal of primary pterygia may result in recurrent ptergyia that are more difficult to manage than the primary lesions.
Topics: Conjunctival Diseases; Humans; Pterygium; Recurrence
PubMed: 3051468
DOI: 10.1016/0039-6257(88)90071-9