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Advances in Experimental Medicine and... 2021The intestines of insects are assumed to be the niche of various microbial groups, and a unique microflora could be formed under environmental conditions different from...
The intestines of insects are assumed to be the niche of various microbial groups, and a unique microflora could be formed under environmental conditions different from mammalian intestinal tracts. This chapter describes the bacterial flora formed in the intestines of two dragonfly species, "akatombo" (the red dragonfly; Sympetrum frequens) and "usubaki-tombo" (Pantala flavescens), which fly over a long distance, and carotenoid-producing microorganisms isolated from this flora. C carotenoids, which were produced by a bacterium Kurthia gibsonii isolated from S. frequens, were structurally determined.
Topics: Animals; Carotenoids; Insecta; Intestines; Odonata; Planococcaceae
PubMed: 33783743
DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-7360-6_18 -
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek Jun 2022A Gram-stain-positive, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped and flagellated bacterial strain T12 was isolated from wetland soil in Kunyu Mountain Wetland in Yantai, China. The...
A Gram-stain-positive, orange-pigmented, rod-shaped and flagellated bacterial strain T12 was isolated from wetland soil in Kunyu Mountain Wetland in Yantai, China. The strain was able to grow at 15-40 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 0.0-9.0% NaCl (optimum 2%, w/v) and at pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum 8.5). A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain T12 is a member of the family Planococcaceae, sharing 97.6% and 97.1% sequence similarity with the type strains of Jeotgalibacillus salarius and Jeotgalibacillus marinus, respectively. Genome-based analyses revealed a genome size of 3,506,682 bp and a DNA G + C content of 43.7%. Besides, the genome sequence led to 55.0-74.6% average amino acid identity values and 67.8-74.7% average nucleotide identity values between strain T12 and the current closest relatives. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization of strain T12 with the type strains of Jeotgalibacillus proteolyticus and J. marinus demonstrated 19.0% and 20.3% relatedness, respectively. The chemotaxonomic analysis showed that the sole quinone was MK-7. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C, anteiso-C, Cω7c alcohol and iso-C. The polar lipids consisted of an unidentified aminolipid, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on the polyphasic characterization, strain T12 is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Jeotgalibacillus aurantiacus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T12 (= KCTC 43296 = MCCC 1K07171).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Carotenoids; China; Citrus sinensis; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Multigene Family; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil; Wetlands
PubMed: 35396624
DOI: 10.1007/s10482-022-01731-x -
International Microbiology : the... Nov 2022Raw milk samples were collected from 200 dairy cows belonging to Girolando 1/2, Gyr, Guzera, and Holstein breeds, and the bacterial diversity was explored using 16S rRNA...
Raw milk samples were collected from 200 dairy cows belonging to Girolando 1/2, Gyr, Guzera, and Holstein breeds, and the bacterial diversity was explored using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. SCC analysis showed that 69 animals were classified as affected with subclinical mastitis. The milk bacterial microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, with an increase of Firmicutes in animals with subclinical mastitis and Proteobacteria in healthy animals. At the family and genus level, the milk bacterial microbiome was dominated by Staphylococcus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Aerococcus, members of the family Rhizobiaceae, Anaerobacillus, Streptococcus, members of the family Intrasporangiaceae, members of the family Planococcaceae, Corynebacterium, Nocardioides, and Chryseobacterium. Significant differences in alpha and beta diversity analysis suggest an effect of udder health status and breed on the composition of raw bovine milk microbiota. LEfSe analysis showed 45 and 51 discriminative taxonomic biomarkers associated with udder health status and with one of the four breeds respectively, suggesting an effect of subclinical mastitis and breed on the microbiota of milk in cattle.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Cattle; Female; Health Status; Humans; Mastitis, Bovine; Microbiota; Milk; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35838927
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00267-4 -
Microbial Cell Factories Mar 2022The genus Planococcus is comprised of halophilic bacteria generally reported for the production of carotenoid pigments and biosurfactants. In previous work, we showed...
BACKGROUND
The genus Planococcus is comprised of halophilic bacteria generally reported for the production of carotenoid pigments and biosurfactants. In previous work, we showed that the culturing of the orange-pigmented Planococcus sp. CP5-4 isolate increased the evaporation rate of industrial wastewater brine effluent, which we attributed to the orange pigment. This demonstrated the potential application of this bacterium for industrial brine effluent management in evaporation ponds for inland desalination plants. Here we identified a C-carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for pigment biosynthesis in Planococcus sp. CP5-4 through isolation of mutants and genome sequencing. We further compare the core genes of the carotenoid biosynthetic gene clusters identified from different Planococcus species' genomes which grouped into gene cluster families containing BGCs linked to different carotenoid product chemotypes. Lastly, LC-MS analysis of saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts obtained from cultures of Planococcus sp. CP5-4, revealed the structure of the main (predominant) glucosylated C-carotenoid fatty acid ester produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4.
RESULTS
Genome sequence comparisons of isolated mutant strains of Planococcus sp. CP5-4 showed deletions of 146 Kb and 3 Kb for the non-pigmented and "yellow" mutants respectively. Eight candidate genes, likely responsible for C-carotenoid biosynthesis, were identified on the wild-type genome region corresponding to the deleted segment in the non-pigmented mutant. Six of the eight candidate genes formed a biosynthetic gene cluster. A truncation of crtP was responsible for the "yellow" mutant phenotype. Genome annotation revealed that the genes encoded 4,4'-diapolycopene oxygenase (CrtNb), 4,4'- diapolycopen-4-al dehydrogenase (CrtNc), 4,4'-diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN), 4,4'- diaponeurosporene oxygenase (CrtP), glycerol acyltransferase (Agpat), family 2 glucosyl transferase 2 (Gtf2), phytoene/squalene synthase (CrtM), and cytochrome P450 hydroxylase enzymes. Carotenoid analysis showed that a glucosylated C-carotenoid fatty acid ester, methyl 5-(6-C)-glucosyl-5, 6'-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate was the main carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4.
CONCLUSION
We identified and characterized the carotenoid biosynthetic gene cluster and the C-carotenoid compound produced by Planococcus sp. CP5-4. Mass-spectrometry guided analysis of the saponified and unsaponified pigment extracts showed that methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate esterified to heptadecatrienoic acid (C). Furthermore, through phylogenetic analysis of the core carotenoid BGCs of Planococcus species we show that various C-carotenoid product chemotypes, apart from methyl 5-glucosyl-5, 6-dihydro-apo-4, 4'-lycopenoate and 5-glucosyl-4, 4-diaponeurosporen-4'-ol-4-oic acid, may be produced that could offer opportunities for a variety of applications.
Topics: Carotenoids; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Planococcus Bacteria; South Africa
PubMed: 35305628
DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01752-1 -
PloS One 2023Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus...
Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, rod-shaped, mesophilic epiphytic bacterium Planomicrobium okeanokoites was isolated from the surface of endemic species Himantothallus grandifolius in Larsemann Hills, Eastern Antarctica. The diversity of epiphytic bacterial communities living on marine algae remains primarily unexplored; virtually no reports from Antarctic seaweeds. The present study used morpho-molecular approaches for the macroalgae and epiphytic bacterium characterization. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using mitochondrial genome encoded COX1 gene; chloroplast genome encodes rbcL; nuclear genome encoded large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rRNA) for Himantothallus grandifolius and ribosomal encoded 16S rRNA for Planomicrobium okeanokoites. Morphological and molecular data revealed that the isolate is identified as Himantothallus grandifolius, which belongs to Family Desmarestiaceae of Order Desmarestiales in Class Phaeophyceae showing 99.8% similarity to the sequences of Himantothallus grandifolius, from King George Island, Antarctica (HE866853). The isolated bacterial strain was identified on the basis of chemotaxonomic, morpho-phylogenetic, and biochemical assays. A phylogenetic study based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the epiphytic bacterial strain SLA-357 was closest related to the Planomicrobium okeanokoites showing 98.7% sequence similarity. The study revealed the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere to date. Also, there has been no report regarding the association between the Planomicrobium okeanokoites and Himantothallus grandifolius; however, there are some reports on this bacterium isolated from sediments, soils, and lakes from Northern Hemisphere. This study may open a gateway for further research to know about the mode of interactions and how they affect the physiology and metabolism of each other.
Topics: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; Phaeophyceae; Bacteria; Seaweed; Antarctic Regions; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacterial Typing Techniques
PubMed: 37058520
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282516 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2016A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru...
A novel Gram-stain-positive, rod shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain PU1T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a drainage near hostel of Palamuru University, Mahabubnagar district, T.S, India (16°43'23″N 77°58'49″E). Cells of strain PU1T are positive for catalase, oxidase, phosphatase, lipase and urease, and negative for gelatinase, amylase, protease, cellulase, lysine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase. The fatty acids were dominated by saturated fatty acids (82.7 %), with a high abundance of iso-C15 : 0 (48.8 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (7.3 %), iso-C16 : 0 (11.9 %), C16 : 1ω7c alcohol (11.8 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (5.3 %). Strain PU1T contained MK-8 as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine make up the phospholipid composition. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and cell-wall sugars are d-glucose and d-galactose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Chryseomicrobium imtechense and Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum, members of family Planococcaceae within the phylum Firmicutes, are the closest related species with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99 %. Other members of the family Planococcaceae had sequence similarities of 99 %, and DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain PU1T and Chryseomicrobium imtechense MW 10T, Chryseomicrobiumamylolyticum JC16T were 38 and 32 % respectively. The G+C content of DNA of strain PU1T is 48.5 mol%. Based on the above-mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain PU1T represents a novel species of the genus Chryseomicrobium for which the name Chryseomicrobiumpalamuruense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PU1T(=CCUG 59101T=JCM 16712T=KCTC 13722T=NBRC106750T).
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Diaminopimelic Acid; Fatty Acids; Geologic Sediments; India; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Peptidoglycan; Phospholipids; Phylogeny; Planococcaceae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Vitamin K 2
PubMed: 27373687
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001256 -
The Science of the Total Environment Apr 2024Bioremediation based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was conducted in cadmium and lead contaminated soil to investigate the effects of MICP on Cd and...
Bioremediation based on microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) was conducted in cadmium and lead contaminated soil to investigate the effects of MICP on Cd and Pb in soil. In this study, soil indigenous nitrogen was shown to induce MICP to stabilize heavy metals without inputting exogenous urea. The results showed that applying Bacillus pasteurii coupled with CaCl reduced Cd and Pb bioavailability, which could be clarified through the proportion of exchangeable Cd and Pb in soil decreasing by 23.65 % and 12.76 %, respectively. Moreover, B. pasteurii was combined separately with hydroxyapatite (HAP), eggshells (ES), and oyster shells (OS) to investigate their effects on soil heavy metals' chemical fractions, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP)-extractable Cd and Pb as well as enzymatic activity. Results showed that applying B. pasteurii in soil significantly decreased the heavy metals in the exchangeable fraction and increased them in the carbonate phase fraction. When B. pasteurii was combined with ES and OS, the content of carbonate-bound Cd increased by 114.72 % and 118.81 %, respectively, significantly higher than when B. pasteurii was combined with HAP, wherein the fraction of carbonate-bound Cd increased by 86 %. The combination of B. pasteurii and biogenic calcium effectively reduced the leached contents of Cd and Pb in soil, and the TCLP-extractable Cd and Pb fractions decreased by 43.88 % and 30.66 %, respectively, in the BP + ES group and by 52.60 % and 41.77 %, respectively, in the BP + OS group. This proved that MICP reduced heavy metal bioavailability in the soil. Meanwhile, applying B. pasteurii and calcium materials significantly increased the soil urease enzyme activity. The microstructure and chemical composition of the soil samples were studied, and the results from scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction demonstrated the MICP process and identified the formation of CaCO, CaCdCO, and PbCO in heavy metal-contaminated soil.
Topics: Cadmium; Calcium; Lead; Soil; Metals, Heavy; Bacteria; Calcium Carbonate; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbonates; Soil Pollutants; Sporosarcina
PubMed: 38378057
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171060 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2021Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products that includes topical wound dressings, coatings for...
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a wide range of consumer products that includes topical wound dressings, coatings for biomedical devices, and food-packaging to extend the shelf-life. Despite their beneficial antimicrobial effects, developmental exposure to such AgNPs may lead to gut dysbiosis and long-term health consequences in exposed offspring. AgNPs can cross the placenta and blood-brain-barrier to translocate in the brain of offspring. The underlying hypothesis tested in the current study was that developmental exposure of male and female mice to AgNPs disrupts the microbiome-gut-brain axis. To examine for such effects, C57BL6 female mice were exposed orally to AgNPs at a dose of 3 mg/kg BW or vehicle control 2 weeks prior to breeding and throughout gestation. Male and female offspring were tested in various mazes that measure different behavioral domains, and the gut microbial profiles were surveyed from 30 through 120 days of age. Our study results suggest that developmental exposure results in increased likelihood of engaging in repetitive behaviors and reductions in resident microglial cells. Echo-MRI results indicate increased body fat in offspring exposed to AgNPs exhibit. Coprobacillus spp., Mucispirillum spp., and Bifidobacterium spp. were reduced, while Prevotella spp., Bacillus spp., Planococcaceae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Ruminococcus spp. were increased in those developmentally exposed to NPs. These bacterial changes were linked to behavioral and metabolic alterations. In conclusion, developmental exposure of AgNPs results in long term gut dysbiosis, body fat increase and neurobehavioral alterations in offspring.
Topics: Animals; Behavior; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Maze Learning; Mental Status and Dementia Tests; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Metal Nanoparticles; Mice; Models, Animal; Silver
PubMed: 33753813
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85919-7 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2021The study of enzymes from extremophiles arouses interest in Protein Science because of the amazing solutions these proteins adopt to cope with extreme conditions....
The study of enzymes from extremophiles arouses interest in Protein Science because of the amazing solutions these proteins adopt to cope with extreme conditions. Recently solved, the structure of the psychrophilic acyl aminoacyl peptidase from Sporosarcina psychrophila (SpAAP) pinpoints a mechanism of dimerization unusual for this class of enzymes. The quaternary structure of SpAAP relies on a domain-swapping mechanism involving the N-terminal A1 helix. The A1 helix is conserved among homologous mesophilic and psychrophilic proteins and its deletion causes the formation of a monomeric enzyme, which is inactive and prone to aggregate. Here, we investigate the dimerization mechanism of SpAAP through the analysis of chimeric heterodimers where a protomer lacking the A1 helix combines with a protomer carrying the inactivated catalytic site. Our results indicate that the two active sites are independent, and that a single A1 helix is sufficient to partially recover the quaternary structure and the activity of chimeric heterodimers. Since catalytically competent protomers are unstable and inactive unless they dimerize, SpAAP reveals as an "obligomer" for both structural and functional reasons.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Catalytic Domain; Cold Temperature; Enzyme Stability; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Peptide Hydrolases; Phylogeny; Protein Domains; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sporosarcina; Time Factors
PubMed: 33775759
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.150 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2021The use of additives has generated significant attention due to their extensive application in the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process....
The use of additives has generated significant attention due to their extensive application in the microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) process. This study aims to discuss the effects of Na-montmorillonite (Na-MMT) on CaCO crystallization and sandy soil consolidation through the MICP process. Compared with the traditional MICP method, a larger amount of CaCO precipitate was obtained. Moreover, the reaction of Ca ions was accelerated, and bacteria were absorbed by a small amount of Na-MMT. Meanwhile, an increase in the total cementing solution (TCS) was not conducive to the previous reaction. This problem was solved by conducting the reaction with Na-MMT. The polymorphs and morphologies of the CaCO precipitates were tested by using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Further, when Na-MMT was used, the morphology of CaCO changed from an individual precipitate to agglomerations of the precipitate. Compared to the experiments without Na-MMT in the MICP process, the addition of Na-MMT significantly reduced the hydraulic conductivity (HC) of sandy soil consolidated.
Topics: Bentonite; Biotechnology; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Crystallization; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Sand; Soil; Sporosarcina; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 34684789
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206211