Did you mean: planococcoceae
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Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The family / is a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage of >100 species classified within 13 genera, many of which are polyphyletic. Exhibiting considerable...
The family / is a taxonomically heterogeneous assemblage of >100 species classified within 13 genera, many of which are polyphyletic. Exhibiting considerable phylogenetic overlap with other families, primarily , the evolutionary history of this family, containing the potent mosquitocidal species , remains incoherent. To develop a reliable phylogenetic and taxonomic framework for the family / and its genera, we report comprehensive phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses on 124 genome sequences from all available / and representative species. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on multiple datasets of proteins including 819 core proteins for this group and 87 conserved proteins. Using the core proteins, pairwise average amino acid identity was also determined. In parallel, comparative analyses on protein sequences from these species have identified 92 unique molecular markers (synapomorphies) consisting of conserved signature indels that are specifically shared by either the entire family / or different monophyletic clades present within this family, enabling their reliable demarcation in molecular terms. Based on multiple lines of investigations, 18 monophyletic clades can be reliably distinguished within the family / based on their phylogenetic affinities and identified molecular signatures. Some of these clades are comprised of species from several polyphyletic genera within this family as well as other families. Based on our results, we are proposing the creation of three novel genera within the family /, namely gen. nov., gen. nov., and gen. nov., as well as the transfer of 25 misclassified species from the families / and into these three genera and in , , , and genera. These amendments establish a coherent taxonomy and evolutionary history for the family /, and the described molecular markers provide novel means for diagnostic, genetic, and biochemical studies. Lastly, we are also proposing a consolidation of the family within the emended family .
PubMed: 32010063
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022To determine whether gut microbiota, fatty metabolism and cytokines were associated with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether gut microbiota, fatty metabolism and cytokines were associated with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP).
METHODS
In total, 29 preliminarily diagnosed ITP patients and 33 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Fecal bacterial were analyzed based on 16S rRNA sequencing. Plasma cytokines and motabolites were analyzed using flow cytometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), respectively.
RESULTS
, , and were enriched at the genus level in ITP patients, while , , were depleted. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of and increased in ITP patients, while , , and the ratio decreased. Plasma levels of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE), 6-trans-12-epi-leukotriene B4 (6t,12e-LTB), and resolvin D2 (RvD) were upregulated, and stachydrine, dowicide A, dodecanoylcarnitine were downregulated in ITP patients. Furthermore, RvD is positively correlated with order , 5-HETE is positively correlated with genus , and 6t,12e-LTB is positively correlated with genus . In addition, stachydrine is positively correlated with family , dowicide A is positively correlated with class , and dodecanoylcarnitine is positively correlated with order . Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were upregulated in ITP patients.
CONCLUSION
Our study revealed a relationship between microbiota and fatty metabolism in ITP. Gut microbiota may participate in the pathogenesis of ITP through affecting cytokine secretion, interfering with fatty metabolism.
PubMed: 35665326
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.810612 -
Journal of Bacteriology Jun 2022The current classification of the phylum (new name, ) features eight distinct classes, six of which include known spore-forming bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis,...
The current classification of the phylum (new name, ) features eight distinct classes, six of which include known spore-forming bacteria. In Bacillus subtilis, sporulation involves up to 500 genes, many of which do not have orthologs in other bacilli and/or clostridia. Previous studies identified about 60 sporulation genes of B. subtilis that were shared by all spore-forming members of the . These genes are referred to as the sporulation core or signature, although many of these are also found in genomes of nonsporeformers. Using an expanded set of 180 firmicute genomes from 160 genera, including 76 spore-forming species, we investigated the conservation of the sporulation genes, in particular seeking to identify lineages that lack some of the genes from the conserved sporulation core. The results of this analysis confirmed that many small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs), spore coat proteins, and germination proteins, which were previously characterized in bacilli, are missing in spore-forming members of and other classes of . A particularly dramatic loss of sporulation genes was observed in the spore-forming members of the families and . Fifteen species from diverse lineages were found to carry (-interrupting) elements of different sizes that all encoded SpoIVCA-like recombinases but did not share any other genes. Phylogenetic trees built from concatenated alignments of sporulation proteins and ribosomal proteins showed similar topology, indicating an early origin and subsequent vertical inheritance of the sporulation genes. Many members of the phylum () are capable of producing endospores, which enhance the survival of important Gram-positive pathogens that cause such diseases as anthrax, botulism, colitis, gas gangrene, and tetanus. We show that the core set of sporulation genes, defined previously through genome comparisons of several bacilli and clostridia, is conserved in a wide variety of sporeformers from several distinct lineages of . We also detected widespread loss of sporulation genes in many organisms, particularly within the families and Members of these families, such as Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Clostridium innocuum, could be excellent model organisms for studying sporulation mechanisms, such as engulfment, formation of the spore coat, and spore germination.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Clostridium; Firmicutes; Humans; Phylogeny; Spores, Bacterial
PubMed: 35638784
DOI: 10.1128/jb.00079-22 -
Environmental Microbiology Dec 2021Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect...
Exposure to a diverse microbial environment during pregnancy and early postnatal period is important in determining predisposition towards allergy. However, the effect of environmental microbiota exposure during preconception, pregnancy and postnatal life on development of allergy in the child has not been investigated so far. In the S-PRESTO (Singapore PREconception Study of long Term maternal and child Outcomes) cohort, we collected house dust during all three critical window periods and analysed microbial composition using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. At 6 and 18 months, the child was assessed for eczema by clinicians. In the eczema group, household environmental microbiota was characterized by presence of human-associated bacteria Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium at all time points, suggesting their possible contributions to regulating host immunity and increasing the susceptibility to eczema. In the home environment of the control group, putative protective effect of an environmental microbe Planomicrobium (Planococcaceae family) was observed to be significantly higher than that in the eczema group. Network correlation analysis demonstrated inverse relationships between beneficial Planomicrobium and human-associated bacteria (Actinomyces, Anaerococcus, Finegoldia, Micrococcus, Prevotella and Propionibacterium). Exposure to natural environmental microbiota may be beneficial to modulate shed human-associated microbiota in an indoor environment.
Topics: Bacteria; Child; Cohort Studies; Eczema; Female; Humans; Microbiota; Pregnancy; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34309161
DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15684 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The horse gut is colonized by a rich and complex microbial community that has important roles in horse physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune functions. Fewer...
The horse gut is colonized by a rich and complex microbial community that has important roles in horse physiology, metabolism, nutrition, and immune functions. Fewer across-breed variations in horse gut microbial diversity have been illustrated. In this article, the gut microbiota of Thoroughbred, Mongolian, and Hybrid horses [first filial generation (F1) of Mongolian (maternal) and Thoroughbred (paternal)] were studied by second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology. Differences in gut microbiota composition and function between breeds were determined using diversity and functional prediction analysis. The alpha diversity analysis showed that Thoroughbred horses had a more abundant and diverse gut microbiota, while the diversity of gut microbiota in Hybrid horses was intermediate between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. Subsequent cluster analysis showed that Hybrid horses have a microbiota composition more similar to Mongolian horses. LEfSe analysis revealed that the bacterial biomarkers for Thoroughbred horses at the family level were Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Fibrobacteraceae, p_251_o5, Lactobacillaceae, and uncultured_bacterium_o_WCHB1_41; the bacterial biomarker for Mongolian horses was Planococcaceae; and the bacterial biomarkers for Hybrid horses were Moraxellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. The functional prediction results indicated that the metabolic pathways differ significantly between the breeds. Regarding metabolism, the Hybrid horses had the lowest proportion of the carbohydrate metabolic pathways, while the energy metabolic pathway had the highest proportion. The abundance ratios of the remaining eight metabolic pathways in Hybrid horses were between Thoroughbred and Mongolian horses. In conclusion, the results of this study showed an association between horse breeds and gut microbiota.
PubMed: 35968025
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.920080 -
Microorganisms Aug 2022The Tibetan Plateau is regarded as the third pole of the earth and is one of the least explored places on the planet. Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var....
The Tibetan Plateau is regarded as the third pole of the earth and is one of the least explored places on the planet. Tibetan hull-less barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is the only cereal crop grown widely in the Tibetan Plateau as a staple food. Extensive and long-term cropping of barley may influence the soil’s chemical and biological properties, including microbial communities. However, microbiota associated with hull-less barley is largely unexplored. This study aimed to reveal the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities associated with the hull-less barley at different elevations in the Tibetan Plateau. The core bacterial and fungal taxa of Tibetan hull-less barley were identified, with Bacillaceae, Blastocatellaceae, Comamonadaceae, Gemmatimonadaceae, Planococcaceae, Pyrinomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Nitrospiraceae being the most abundant bacterial taxa and Ceratobasidiaceae, Chaetomiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Didymellaceae, Entolomataceae, Microascaceae, Mortierellaceae, and Nectriaceae being the most abundant fungal taxa (relative abundance > 1%). Both bacterial and fungal diversities of hull-less barley were affected by altitude and soil properties such as total carbon, total nitrogen, and available phosphorus and potassium. Both bacterial and fungal diversities showed a significant negative correlation with altitude, indicating that the lower elevations provide a conducive environment for the survival and maintenance of hull-less barley-associated microbiota. Our results also suggest that the high altitude-specific microbial taxa may play an important role in the adaptation of the hull-less barley to the earth’s third pole.
PubMed: 36144339
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091737 -
Heliyon Oct 2021Microorganisms in clay barriers could affect the long-term performance of waste containers in future deep geological repositories (DGR) for used nuclear fuel through...
Microorganisms in clay barriers could affect the long-term performance of waste containers in future deep geological repositories (DGR) for used nuclear fuel through production of corrosive metabolites ( sulfide), which is why clay materials are highly compacted: to reduce both physical space and access to water for microorganisms to grow. However, the highly compacted nature of clays and the resulting low activity or dormancy of microorganisms complicate the extraction of biomarkers ( PLFA, DNA .) from such barriers for predictive analysis of microbial risks. In order to overcome these challenges, we have combined culture- and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing-based approaches to describe the functional diversity of microorganisms in several commercial clay products, including two different samples of Wyoming type MX-80 bentonite (Batch 1 and Batch 2), the reference clay for a future Canadian DGR, and Avonlea type Canaprill, a clay sample for comparison. Microorganisms from bentonites were enriched in anoxic 10% w/v clay microcosms for three months at ambient temperature with addition of 10% hydrogen along with presumable indigenous organics and sulfate in the clay. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene fragments indicated a high abundance of Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes (82%) in MX-80 Batch 1 incubations. Bacterial libraries from microcosms with MX-80 Batch 2 were enriched with Firmicutes (53%) and Chloroflexi (43%). Firmicutes also significantly contributed (<15%) to the bacterial community in Canaprill clay microcosm, which was dominated by Gram-negative Proteobacteria (>70%). Sequence analysis revealed presence of the bacterial families and in MX-80 Batch 1 incubations; along with unidentified bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi, in MX-80 Batch 2 clay microcosms, and in Canaprill microcosms. Exploration of potential metabolic pathways in the bacterial communities from the clay microcosms suggested variable patterns of sulfur cycling in the different clays with the possible prevalence of bacterial sulfate-reduction in MX-80 bentonite, and probably successive sulfate-reduction/sulfur-oxidation reactions in Canaprill microcosms. Furthermore, analysis of potential metabolic pathways in the bentonite enrichments suggested that bacteria with acid-producing capabilities (, fermenters and acetogens) together with sulfide-producing prokaryotes might perhaps contribute to corrosion risks in clay systems. However, the low activity or dormancy of microorganisms in highly compacted bentonites as a result of severe environmental constraints ( low water activity and high swelling pressure in the confined bentonite) would be expected to largely inhibit bacterial activity in highly compacted clay-based barriers in a future DGR.
PubMed: 34703919
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08131 -
Zoological Studies 2021Bacteria are known to have explicit roles within the microbiomes of host tissues, therefore examining these communities may prove useful in assessing host health and...
Bacteria are known to have explicit roles within the microbiomes of host tissues, therefore examining these communities may prove useful in assessing host health and responses to environmental change. The present study contributes to the emerging, yet understudied, field of microbiome research in elasmobranchs. We provide a screening of the culturable bacteria communities found on multiple tissue sites on the body surface of blacktip (), bull (), and tiger () sharks near Miami, Florida. Tissue sites include mouth, gills, skin, and any visible wounds. The study adds to our understanding of the diversity of bacteria present on sharks in comparison to their natural environment. We also compare bacterial groups found within wounds in shark skin to healthy tissue sites on the same individual. Results indicate that wounds on an individual may allow for opportunistic bacteria to invade or overgrow where they would not normally be found, which may have potential health consequences for sharks that become wounded due to fishing practices. Identified bacteria belonged to the , , and phyla, known to be prominent bacterial groups associated with marine organisms. Results indicate shark species-specific differences in bacterial communities, including the presence of bacteria belonging to exclusively on the skin of tiger sharks. To our knowledge, this is the first report of this family in any elasmobranch. While most tissue sites displayed commensal bacteria identified in similar studies, known pathogens belonging to and were identified in the wounds of blacktip and bull sharks. Some bacteria may be normal residents, but the loss of protective dermal denticles due to a wound may allow colonization by pathogens. Continued research is needed to explore microbial communities associated with sharks and their influence on host health.
PubMed: 35774257
DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-69 -
Marine Drugs Mar 2014Marine bacteria have not been examined as extensively as land bacteria. We screened carotenoids from orange or red pigments-producing marine bacteria belonging to rare... (Review)
Review
Marine bacteria have not been examined as extensively as land bacteria. We screened carotenoids from orange or red pigments-producing marine bacteria belonging to rare or novel species. The new acyclic carotenoids with a C₃₀ aglycone, diapolycopenedioc acid xylosylesters A-C and methyl 5-glucosyl-5,6-dihydro-apo-4,4'-lycopenoate, were isolated from the novel Gram-negative bacterium Rubritalea squalenifaciens, which belongs to phylum Verrucomicrobia, as well as the low-GC Gram-positive bacterium Planococcus maritimus strain iso-3 belonging to the class Bacilli, phylum Firmicutes, respectively. The rare monocyclic C₄₀ carotenoids, (3R)-saproxanthin and (3R,2'S)-myxol, were isolated from novel species of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. In this review, we report the structures and antioxidant activities of these carotenoids, and consider relationships between bacterial phyla and carotenoid structures.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacteria; Carotenoids; Geologic Sediments; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Planococcus Bacteria; Seawater; Sunlight; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 24663119
DOI: 10.3390/md12031690 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2023Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is... (Review)
Review
Current production of traditional concrete requires enormous energy investment that accounts for approximately 5 to 8% of the world's annual CO production. Biocement is a building material that is already in industrial use and has the potential to rival traditional concrete as a more convenient and more environmentally friendly alternative. Biocement relies on biological structures (enzymes, cells, and/or cellular superstructures) to mineralize and bind particles in aggregate materials (e.g., sand and soil particles). Sporosarcina pasteurii is a workhorse organism for biocementation, but most research to date has focused on as a building material rather than a biological system. In this review, we synthesize available materials science, microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology evidence regarding biological CaCO precipitation and the role of microbes in microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) with a focus on . Based on the available information, we provide a model that describes the molecular and cellular processes involved in converting feedstock material (urea and Ca) into cement. The model provides a foundational framework that we use to highlight particular targets for researchers as they proceed into optimizing the biology of MICP for biocement production.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Calcium Carbonate; Chemical Precipitation; Conservation of Energy Resources; Industrial Microbiology; Sporosarcina; Urea
PubMed: 37439668
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01794-22