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Advances in Biochemical... 2019The number of newly developed bioplastics has increased sharply in recent years and innovative polymer materials are increasingly present on the plastics market.... (Review)
Review
The number of newly developed bioplastics has increased sharply in recent years and innovative polymer materials are increasingly present on the plastics market. Bioplastics are not, however, a completely new kind of material, but rather a rediscovered class of materials within the familiar group of materials known as plastics. Therefore, existing knowledge from the plastics sector can and should be transferred to bioplastics in order to further increase their performance, material diversity and market penetration.
Topics: Chemical Industry; Plastics; Polymers
PubMed: 28374047
DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_75 -
Biomacromolecules Dec 2019The development of polymer-based drug delivery systems provides efficient modalities for cancer therapy. Most of the polymer pharmaceuticals target cancer cells... (Review)
Review
The development of polymer-based drug delivery systems provides efficient modalities for cancer therapy. Most of the polymer pharmaceuticals target cancer cells directly, but the insufficient penetration always results in unsatisfactory anticancer efficacy. To break the above bottleneck, strategies of penetration-independent cancer therapy have been developed as advanced treatments for various cancers in the past decade. In this Perspective, we discussed the pros and cons of polymer-mediated biological and physical penetration-independent approaches for cancer therapy and highlighted their further prospects from bench to bedsides.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasms; Polymers
PubMed: 31668061
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01263 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2018Proteins have played a very important role in the drug industry for developing treatments of various diseases such as auto-immune diseases, cancer, diabetes, mental... (Review)
Review
Proteins have played a very important role in the drug industry for developing treatments of various diseases such as auto-immune diseases, cancer, diabetes, mental disorder, metabolic disease, and others. Therapeutic proteins have high activity and specificity but they have some limitations such as short half-life, poor stability, low solubility and immunogenicity, so they cannot prolong their therapeutic activity. These shortcomings have been rectified by using polymers for the conjugation with proteins. The conjugates of protein-polymer improves the half-lives, stability and makes them non-immunogenic. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), is widely used in the delivery of proteins because it is the current gold standard for stealth polymers in the emerging field of polymer-based delivery as compared to various biodegradable polymers. PEGylation enhances the retention of therapeutic proteins, effectively alters the pharmacokinetics and enhances the pharmaceutical value. Smart polymer have been used to cope with the pathophysiological environment of target site and have imposed less toxic effects.The contents of this article are challenges in formulation of therapeutic proteins, synthetic routes of conjugates, smart polymer-protein conjugates and also some advantages/disadvantages of polymers as a carrier system of proteins.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Humans; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Protein Conformation; Protein Stability; Proteins; Solubility; Surface Properties
PubMed: 28828988
DOI: 10.2174/1389203718666170821162823 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased... (Review)
Review
Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased bioavailability, lower incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Film-forming sprays consist of polymers and excipients that improve the characteristics of preparations and enhance the stability of active substances. Each type of polymer and excipient will produce films with different features. Therefore, the various types of polymers and excipients and their evaluation standards need to be examined for the development of a more optimal form of film-forming spray. The selected literature included research on polymers as film-forming matrices and the application of these sprays for medical purposes or for potential medical use. This article discusses the types and concentrations of polymers and excipients, sprayer types, evaluations, and critical parameters in determining the sprayability and film characteristics. The review concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers that have in situ film or viscoelastic properties can be used to optimise topical drug delivery.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Polymers
PubMed: 32884234
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S256666 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Dec 2017
Topics: China; Humans; Particle Size; Polymers; Research; Universities
PubMed: 29205632
DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700592 -
Accounts of Chemical Research Jun 2022Marine organisms such as barnacle larvae and spores of algae adhere to underwater surfaces leading to marine biofouling. This phenomenon has numerous adverse impacts on... (Review)
Review
Marine organisms such as barnacle larvae and spores of algae adhere to underwater surfaces leading to marine biofouling. This phenomenon has numerous adverse impacts on marine industries and maritime activities. Due to the diversity of fouling organisms and the complexity of the marine environment, it is a huge challenge to combat marine biofouling, which limits the development and utilization of marine resources. Since the International Marine Organization banned the use of tributyltin self-polishing copolymer (SPC) coatings in 2008, the development of an environmentally friendly and efficient anti-biofouling polymer has been the most important task in this field. Tin-free SPC is a well-established and widely used polymer binder for anti-biofouling coating today. Being a nondegradable vinyl polymer, SPC exhibits poor anti-biofouling performance in static conditions. Even more, such nondegradable polymers were considered to be a source of microplastics by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 2019. Recently, numerous degradable polymers, which can form dynamic surface through main chain scission, have been developed for preventing marine biofouling in static conditions. Nevertheless, the regulation of their degradation and mechanical properties is limited, and they are also difficult to functionalize. A new polymer combining the advantages of vinyl polymers and degradable polymers is needed. However, such a combination is a challenge since the former are synthesized via free radical polymerization whereas the latter are synthesized via ring-opening polymerization.In this Account, we review our recent progress toward degradable vinyl polymers for marine anti-biofouling in terms of polymerization methods and structures and properties of polymers. First, we introduce the strategies for preparing degradable vinyl polymers with an emphasis on hybrid copolymerization. Then, we present the synthesis and performance of degradable and hydrolyzable polyacrylates, degradable polyurethanes with hydrolyzable side groups, and surface-fragmenting hyperbranched polymers. Polymers with degradable main chains and hydrolyzable side groups combine the advantages of SPC and degradable polymers, so they are degradable and functional. They are becoming new-generation polymers with great potential for preparing high-efficiency, long-lasting, environmentally friendly and broad-spectrum coatings to inhibit marine biofouling. They can also find applications in wastewater treatment, biomedical materials, and other fields.
Topics: Biofouling; Plastics; Polymerization; Polymers; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35544330
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00187 -
Journal of Drug Targeting 2017History of the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect is discussed, which goes back to the analyses of molecular pathology in bacterial infection and edema... (Review)
Review
History of the EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect is discussed, which goes back to the analyses of molecular pathology in bacterial infection and edema (extravasation) formation. The first mediator we found for extravasation was bradykinin. Later on, were found nitric oxide and superoxide, then formation of peroxynitrite, that activates procollagenase. In this inflammatory setting many other vascular mediators are involved that are also common to cancer vasculature. Obviously cancer vasculature is defective architechtally, and this makes macromolecular drugs more permeable through the vascular wall. The importance of this pathophysiological event of EPR effect can be applied to macromolecular drug-delivery, or tumor selective delivery, which takes hours to achieve in the primary as well as metastatic tumors, not to mention of the inflamed tissues. The retention of the EPR means that such drugs will be retained in tumor tissues more than days to weeks. This was demonstrated initially, and most dramatically, using SMANCS, a protein-polymer conjugated-drug dissolved in lipid contrast medium (Lipiodol) by administering intraarterially. For disseminating the EPR concept globally, or in the scientific community, Professor Ruth Duncan played a key role at the early stage, as she worked extensively on polymer- therapeutics, and knew its importance.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Neoplasms; Permeability; Polymers
PubMed: 28988499
DOI: 10.1080/1061186X.2017.1365878 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2022There is an urgent need to develop technologies that can physically manipulate the structure of biocompatible and green polymer materials in order to tune their... (Review)
Review
There is an urgent need to develop technologies that can physically manipulate the structure of biocompatible and green polymer materials in order to tune their performance in an efficient, repeatable, easy-to-operate, chemical-free, non-contact, and highly controllable manner. Ultrasound technology produces a cavitation effect that promotes the generation of free radicals, the fracture of chemical chain segments and a rapid change of morphology. The cavitation effects are accompanied by thermal, chemical, and biological effects that interact with the material being studied. With its high efficiency, cleanliness, and reusability applications, ultrasound has a vast range of opportunity within the field of natural polymer-based materials. This work expounds the basic principle of ultrasonic cavitation and analyzes the influence that ultrasonic strength, temperature, frequency and induced liquid surface tension on the physical and chemical properties of biopolymer materials. The mechanism and the influence that ultrasonic modification has on materials is discussed, with highlighted details on the agglomeration, degradation, morphology, structure, and the mechanical properties of these novel materials from naturally derived polymers.
Topics: Biopolymers; Polymers; Temperature; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 35452704
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.055 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024Due to their biocompatibility and non-toxic nature, biomedical polymer materials have found widespread applications and significantly propelled the progress of the...
Due to their biocompatibility and non-toxic nature, biomedical polymer materials have found widespread applications and significantly propelled the progress of the biomedical field [...].
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Polymers; Humans
PubMed: 38791127
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105088 -
Physiological Research Oct 2018The present review focuses on the description of the design, synthesis and physico-chemical and biological evaluation of polymer nanogels. Nanogels are robust swollen... (Review)
Review
The present review focuses on the description of the design, synthesis and physico-chemical and biological evaluation of polymer nanogels. Nanogels are robust swollen cross-linked polymer nanoparticles that can be used as highly efficient and biodegradable carriers for the transport of drugs in controlled drug delivery. In this article, various types of nanogels are described and methods for their preparation discussed. The possibility of using synthesized nanosystems for targeting are reviewed to show the potential of tailored structures to reach either solid tumor tissue or direct tumor cells. Finally, the methods for encapsulation or attachment of biologically active molecules, e.g. drugs, proteins, are described and compared.
Topics: Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Gels; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Polymers
PubMed: 30379552
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933979