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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2020The utilization of polymer/metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications has been widely studied due to their unique properties that... (Review)
Review
The utilization of polymer/metal organic framework (MOF) nanocomposites in various biomedical applications has been widely studied due to their unique properties that arise from MOFs or hybrid composite systems. This review focuses on the types of polymer/MOF nanocomposites used in drug delivery and imaging applications. Initially, a comprehensive introduction to the synthesis and structure of MOFs and bio-MOFs is presented. Subsequently, the properties and the performance of polymer/MOF nanocomposites used in these applications are examined, in relation to the approach applied for their synthesis: (i) non-covalent attachment, (ii) covalent attachment, (iii) polymer coordination to metal ions, (iv) MOF encapsulation in polymers, and (v) other strategies. A critical comparison and discussion of the effectiveness of polymer/MOF nanocomposites regarding their synthesis methods and their structural characteristics is presented.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Drug Delivery Systems; Hydrogen Bonding; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Metals; Nanocomposites; Polymerization; Polymers; Static Electricity
PubMed: 31906398
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25010185 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022In the present Special Issue "Functional Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites: Current Uses and Potential Applications", two review articles and nine original...
In the present Special Issue "Functional Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites: Current Uses and Potential Applications", two review articles and nine original research articles are published [...].
Topics: Polymers; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 36361503
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112713 -
Stomatologija 2018The aim of this study is to review polyether ether ketone (PEEK), its characteristics and use in prosthodontics. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to review polyether ether ketone (PEEK), its characteristics and use in prosthodontics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Information search for articles about PEEK and it's use in prosthodontics between January 2010 and April 2017 was conducted in Medline via PubMed, Science direct, Wiley online library as well as the Web search Google Scholar sources. Twelve full text articles were selected and used in this review.
RESULTS
143 articles were found in the database using keywords: PEEK, prosthodontics, dentistry. Data on the suitability of PEEK polymer were organized according to mechanical, chemical, physical properties and PEEK surface preparation.
CONCLUSIONS
PEEK polymer is suitable to use in prosthodontics. However, there are not enough statements about complications, biofilm formation on PEEK surface and its resistance to compression. More research should be done to find out the results.
Topics: Benzophenones; Biocompatible Materials; Databases, Factual; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis; Dental Prosthesis Design; Humans; Ketones; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Prosthodontics
PubMed: 30531169
DOI: No ID Found -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2020Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased... (Review)
Review
Film-forming sprays offer many advantages compared to conventional topical preparations because they can provide uniform drug distribution and dose, increased bioavailability, lower incidence of irritation, continuous drug release, and accelerated wound healing through moisture control. Film-forming sprays consist of polymers and excipients that improve the characteristics of preparations and enhance the stability of active substances. Each type of polymer and excipient will produce films with different features. Therefore, the various types of polymers and excipients and their evaluation standards need to be examined for the development of a more optimal form of film-forming spray. The selected literature included research on polymers as film-forming matrices and the application of these sprays for medical purposes or for potential medical use. This article discusses the types and concentrations of polymers and excipients, sprayer types, evaluations, and critical parameters in determining the sprayability and film characteristics. The review concludes that both natural and synthetic polymers that have in situ film or viscoelastic properties can be used to optimise topical drug delivery.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Polymers
PubMed: 32884234
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S256666 -
Accounts of Chemical Research Oct 2022The polymerization of biomolecules is a central operation in biology that connects molecular signals with proliferative and information-rich events in cells. As...
The polymerization of biomolecules is a central operation in biology that connects molecular signals with proliferative and information-rich events in cells. As molecules arrange precisely across 3-D space, they create new functional capabilities such as catalysis and transport highways and exhibit new phase separation phenomena that fuel nonequilibrium dynamics in cells. Hence, the observed polymer chemistry manifests itself as a molecular basis leading to cellular phenotypes, expressed as a multitude of hierarchical structures found in cell biology. Although many milestone discoveries had accompanied the rise of the synthetic polymer era, fundamental studies were realized within a closed, pristine environment and that their behavior in a complex multicomponent system remains challenging and thus unexplored. From this perspective, there is a rich trove of undiscovered knowledge that awaits the polymer science community that can revolutionize understanding in the interactive nanoscale world of the living cell.In this Account, we discuss the strategies that have enabled synthetic polymer chemistry to be conducted within the cells (membrane inclusive) and to establish monomer design principles that offer spatiotemporal control of the polymerization. As reaction considerations such as monomer concentration, polymer growth dynamics, and reactivities are intertwined with the subcellular environment and transport processes, we first provide a chemical narrative of each major cellular compartment. The conditions within each compartment will therefore set the boundaries on the type of polymer chemistry that can be conducted. Both covalent and supramolecular polymerization concepts are explored separately in the context of scaffold design, polymerization mechanism, and activation. To facilitate transport into a localized subcellular space, we show that monomers can be reversibly modified by targeting groups or stimulus-responsive motifs that react within the specific compartment. Upon polymerization, we discuss the characterization of the resultant polymeric structures and how these phase-separated structures would impact biological processes such as cell cycle, metabolism, and apoptosis. As we begin to integrate cellular biochemistry with in situ polymer science, we identify landmark challenges and technological hurdles that, when overcome, would lead to invaluable discoveries in macromolecular therapeutics and biology.
Topics: Catalysis; Macromolecular Substances; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 36178462
DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00420 -
Stomatologija 2017The aim of this study is to review polyether ether ketone (PEEK), its characteristics and use in prosthodontics. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to review polyether ether ketone (PEEK), its characteristics and use in prosthodontics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Information search for articles about PEEK and it's use in prosthodontics between January 2010 and April 2017 was conducted in Medline via PubMed, Science direct, Wiley online library as well as the Web search Google Scholar sources. Twelve full text articles were selected and used in this review.
RESULTS
143 articles were found in the database using keywords: PEEK, prosthodontics, dentistry. Data on the suitability of PEEK polymer were organized according to mechanical, chemical, physical properties and PEEK surface preparation.
CONCLUSIONS
PEEK polymer is suitable to use in prosthodontics. However, there are not enough statements about complications, biofilm formation on PEEK surface and its resistance to compression. More research should be done to find out the results.
Topics: Benzophenones; Biocompatible Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Ketones; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers
PubMed: 29243680
DOI: No ID Found -
Physiological Research Oct 2018In this review we summarize several synthetic approaches to the advanced synthesis of star-like polymer-based drug carriers. Moreover, their application as nanomedicines... (Review)
Review
In this review we summarize several synthetic approaches to the advanced synthesis of star-like polymer-based drug carriers. Moreover, their application as nanomedicines for therapy or the diagnosis of neoplastic diseases and their biodistribution are reviewed in detail. From a broad spectrum of star-like systems, we focus only on fully water-soluble systems, mainly based on poly(ethylene glycol) or N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide polymer and copolymer arms and polyamidoamine dendrimers serving as the core of the star-like systems.
Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Humans; Methacrylates; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 30379551
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933978 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Mar 2022The effects of microplastic (MP) pollution on organisms are gaining increasing attention. To date, a variety of polymers of different shapes and sizes are used in...
The effects of microplastic (MP) pollution on organisms are gaining increasing attention. To date, a variety of polymers of different shapes and sizes are used in ecotoxicology. Although polystyrene (PS) is the predominant polymer type used in effect studies, it is still unclear whether the observed effects derive from the polymer itself or from a certain particle shape and size. To elucidate whether the effects are polymer specific, we conducted a systematic study on Daphnia magna by comparing various PS-MPs to nonplastic control particles with similar properties. In chronic exposure experiments, we used PS beads (6 µm; 20 µm), fibers (Ø 3 µm, length: 75.5 µm), and fragments (5.7 µm; 17.7 µm) in two different size classes and two different concentrations (500 and 5000 particles ml) and in-house-produced control particles of comparable size, shape, concentration and, if possible, density. Although most PS properties did not elicit effects on the tested endpoints, we observed sublethal effects on D. magna life history and morphology for small PS beads and fragments. Interestingly, no adverse effects were detected for any of the control particles. Hence, the observed effects are polymer-specific, related to the size and shape of the polymer, and do not result from particle exposure per se.
Topics: Animals; Daphnia; Microplastics; Plastics; Polymers; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34974383
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128136 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2020The unique properties of polymer-hybrid nanosystems enable them to play an important role in different fields such as biomedical applications. Hybrid materials, which... (Review)
Review
The unique properties of polymer-hybrid nanosystems enable them to play an important role in different fields such as biomedical applications. Hybrid materials, which are formed by polymer and inorganic- or organic-base systems, have been the focus of many recently published studies whose results have shown outstanding improvements in drug targeting. The development of hybrid polymer materials can avoid the synthesis of new molecules, which is an overall expensive process that can take several years to get to the proper elaboration and approval. Thus, the combination of properties in a single hybrid system can have several advantages over non-hybrid platforms, such as improvements in circulation time, structural disintegration, high stability, premature release, low encapsulation rate and unspecific release kinetics. Thus, the aim of the present review is to outline a rapid and well-oriented scenario concerning the knowledge about polymer-hybrid nanoparticles use in biomedical platforms. Furthermore, the ultimate methodologies adopted in synthesis processes, as well as in applications in vitro/in vivo, are the focus of this review.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Polymerization; Polymers
PubMed: 32920512
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110695 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts... (Review)
Review
This review is dedicated to the development of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and the application of MIPs in sensor design. MIP-based biological recognition parts can replace receptors or antibodies, which are rather expensive. Conducting polymers show unique properties that are applicable in sensor design. Therefore, MIP-based conducting polymers, including polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), polyaniline and ortho-phenylenediamine are frequently applied in sensor design. Some other materials that can be molecularly imprinted are also overviewed in this review. Among many imprintable materials conducting polymer, polypyrrole is one of the most suitable for molecular imprinting of various targets ranging from small organics up to rather large proteins. Some attention in this review is dedicated to overview methods applied to design MIP-based sensing structures. Some attention is dedicated to the physicochemical methods applied for the transduction of analytical signals. Expected new trends and horizons in the application of MIP-based structures are also discussed.
Topics: Electrochemical Techniques; Molecular Imprinting; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Polymers; Proteins; Pyrroles
PubMed: 35162027
DOI: 10.3390/s22031282