-
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2023This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFeO)...
This study presents an in vitro analysis of the bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of hybrid films containing nickel oxide (NiO) and nickel ferrite (NiFeO) nanoparticles embedded in polypropylene (PP). The solvent casting method was used to synthesize films of PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFeO, which were characterized by different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the small crystallite sizes of NiO and NiFeO NPs were maintained even after they were incorporated into the PP matrix. From the Raman scattering spectroscopy data, it was evident that there was a significant interaction between the NPs and the PP matrix. Additionally, the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a homogeneous dispersion of NiO and NiFeO NPs throughout the PP matrix. The incorporation of the NPs was observed to alter the surface roughness of the films; this behavior was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial properties of all films were evaluated against (ATCC: 43636™) and (ATCC: 23235™), two opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The PP@NiO and PP@ NiFeO films showed over 90% bacterial growth inhibition for both strains. Additionally, the effects of the films on human skin cells, such as epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, were evaluated for cytotoxicity. The PP, PP@NiO, and PP@NiFeO films were nontoxic to human keratinocytes. Furthermore, compared to the PP film, improved biocompatibility of the PP@NiFeO film with human fibroblasts was observed. The methodology utilized in this study allows for the production of hybrid films that can inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as , and Gram-negative bacteria, such as . These films have potential as coating materials to prevent bacterial proliferation on surfaces.
Topics: Humans; Polypropylenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 38069375
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317052 -
Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of... Dec 2018Surgical mesh materials made from fibres of polypropylene (PP) have been widely used for over fifty years. However in recent times the use of these materials has been... (Review)
Review
Surgical mesh materials made from fibres of polypropylene (PP) have been widely used for over fifty years. However in recent times the use of these materials has been called into question for certain surgical operations, known as "pelvic organ" or "transvaginal" procedures. This article reviews the current state of knowledge and uses some simple biomechanics analysis in order to make recommendations for future work. My conclusion is that the failure rate of PP mesh in pelvic organ products is unacceptably high whilst being much lower when it is used for hernia repair. The precise mechanical environment is difficult to quantify but a tentative conclusion is that failure by purely mechanical mechanisms (fatigue and creep) is unlikely. There is some evidence for environmental degradation (i.e. stress-corrosion) but this is highly contested in the literature. On balance my conclusion is that stress-corrosion failure is the most likely explanation but currently no experimental results exist to prove conclusively that this failure mechanism occurs in vivo. Further work is needed, especially the analysis of explanted material, to resolve this urgent problem.
Topics: Equipment Failure; Humans; Materials Testing; Mechanical Phenomena; Polypropylenes; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 30205324
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.041 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jan 2023Plastic food packaging represents 40 % of the plastic production worldwide and belongs to the 10 most commonly found items in aquatic environments. They are...
Plastic food packaging represents 40 % of the plastic production worldwide and belongs to the 10 most commonly found items in aquatic environments. They are characterized by high additives contents with >4000 formulations available on the market. Thus they can release their constitutive chemicals (i.e. additives) into the surrounding environment, contributing to chemical pollution in aquatic systems and to contamination of marine organism up to the point of questioning the health of the consumer. In this context, the chemical and toxicological profiles of two types of polypropylene (PP) and polylactic acid (PLA) food packaging were investigated, using in vitro bioassays and target gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses. Plastic additives quantification was performed both on the raw materials, and on the material leachates after 5 days of lixiviation in filtered natural seawater. The results showed that all samples (raw materials and leachates) contained additive compounds (e.g. phthalates plasticizers, phosphorous flame retardants, antioxidants and UV-stabilizers). Differences in the number and concentration of additives between polymers and suppliers were also pointed out, indicating that the chemical signature cannot be generalized to a polymer and is rather product dependent. Nevertheless, no significant toxic effects was observed upon exposure to the leachates in two short-term bioassays targeting baseline toxicity (Microtox® test) and Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas fertilization success and embryo-larval development. Overall, this study demonstrates that both petrochemical and bio-based food containers contain harmful additives and that it is not possible to predict material toxicity solely based on chemical analysis. Additionally, it highlights the complexity to assess and comprehend the additive content of plastic packaging due to the variability of their composition, suggesting that more transparency in polymer formulations is required to properly address the risk associated with such materials during their use and end of life.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Food Packaging; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Plastics; Polyesters; Polymers; Biological Assay; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36220465
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159318 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Dec 2023Microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing concern and various methods are being sought to alleviate the level of pollution worldwide. This study investigates the...
Microplastic (MP) pollution is a growing concern and various methods are being sought to alleviate the level of pollution worldwide. This study investigates the biodegradation capacity of MPs by indigenous microorganisms of raw water from Tehran drinking water treatment plants. By exposing polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) MPs to selected microbial colonies, structural, morphological, and chemical changes were detected by scanning electron microscope (SEM), cell weight measurement, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy test, and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Selected bacterial strains include Pseudomonas protegens strain (A), Bacillus cereus strain (B), and Pseudomonas protegens strain (C). SEM analysis showed roughness and cracks on PP MPs exposed to strains A and C. However, PE MPs exposed to strain B faced limited degradation. In samples related to strain A, the Raman spectrum was completely changed, and a new chemical structure was created. Both TGA and FTIR analysis confirmed changes detected by Raman analysis of PP and PE MPs in chemical changes in this study. The results of cell dry weight loss for microbial strains A, B, and C were 13.5, 38.6, and 25.6%, respectively. Moreover, MPs weight loss was recorded at 32.6% for PP MPs with strain A, 13.3% for PE MPs with strain B, and 25.6% for PP MPs with strain C.
Topics: Biodegradation, Environmental; Environmental Monitoring; Iran; Microplastics; Plastics; Polyethylene; Polypropylenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38096084
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.360 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Jun 2019"The majority of hernias can be satisfactorily repaired by using the tissues at hand. The use of mesh prosthesis should be restricted to those few hernias in which... (Review)
Review
"The majority of hernias can be satisfactorily repaired by using the tissues at hand. The use of mesh prosthesis should be restricted to those few hernias in which tension or lack of good fascial structures prevents a secure primary repair. This group includes large direct inguinal hernias and incisional hernias in which the defect is too large to close primarily without undue tension. Most recurrent hernias, because of this factor are best repaired with mesh prosthesis". These words, penned in 1960 by Francis Usher have reconfirmed what had been a mantra of the Shouldice Hospital (Usher in 81:847-854, 1960). The Shouldice Hospital has specialized in the treatment of abdominal wall hernias since 1945. It has, since its beginning, insisted on the fact that a thorough knowledge of anatomy coupled with large volumes of surgical cases would lead to unparalleled expertise. It was Cicero who taught us that "Practice, not intelligence or dexterity, will win the day"! Since the seminal contribution of Bassini (1844-1924), there have been no less than 80 procedures imitating his inguinal herniorrhaphy and much more since the introduction of mesh and mesh devices (Iason in Hernia. The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, pp 475-604, 1940). All have failed to some extent and it appears that the common denominator for these failures was the inability to understand the importance of entering the preperitoneal space. Only Shouldice and McVay (Lotheissen, Narath) realized the shortcoming and have continued to thrive as a successful procedure. Entering the preperitoneal space eliminates any temptation to plicate the posterior inguinal wall, a layer normally deficient in direct inguinal hernias, but it also allows the identification of muscle layers rectus, transversus and internal oblique muscles which will go to reconstruct the posterior inguinal wall, without tension as reported by Schumpelick (Junge in 7(1):17-20, 2003).
Topics: Abdomen; Chronic Pain; Hernia, Abdominal; Herniorrhaphy; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Pain, Postoperative; Peritoneum; Polypropylenes; Prosthesis Implantation; Surgical Mesh; Suture Techniques
PubMed: 31111324
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-019-01972-2 -
Environmental Research Sep 2022One of the most common environmental pollutant in aquatic ecosystems are polypropylene microplastics and their impacts on aquatic organisms are still scarce. The study...
One of the most common environmental pollutant in aquatic ecosystems are polypropylene microplastics and their impacts on aquatic organisms are still scarce. The study aimed to prepare polypropylene microplastics using organic solvent (spherical and 11.86-44.62 μm) and then test their toxicity on the freshwater benthic mollusc grazer Pomaceae paludosa. The present study investigated chronic (28 days) exposure of polypropylene microplastics via dietary supplements (250 mg kg, 500 mg kg & 750 mg kg) in P. paludosa, and the toxic effect was evaluated in digestive gland tissue. The FTIR results revealed no change in polypropylene microplastics during ingestion or after egestion. On the other hand, Ingestion causes accumulation in their bodies and disrupts redox homeostasis. Meanwhile, alteration occurs in oxidative stress-related biomarkers such as increased reactive oxygen species level (ROS), impaired the biochemical parameters of antioxidant system catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione - S- transferase (GST), deterioration of oxidative stress effects in lipid peroxidation (LPO) and carbonyl protein (CP) and changed the digestive enzymes such as amylase, pepsin, esterase and alkaline phosphatase that are measured in hepatopancreas tissue. The histology results revealed that ingesting these microplastics caused severe damage to the digestive gland cells. According to the findings, ingestion of polypropylene microplastics in benthic freshwater mollusc causes more serious harm and impacts energy acquisition. This finding represents the ecological risk of polypropylene microplastic pollution in the freshwater ecosystem.
Topics: Animals; Ecosystem; Fresh Water; Glutathione Transferase; Microplastics; Mollusca; Oxidative Stress; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35504343
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113370 -
Waste Management (New York, N.Y.) Jun 2022Co-pyrolyzing mixed wastes of the different physicochemical kinds is often a challenge. This study reports the co-pyrolysis of homogeneous polypropylene plastic and...
Co-pyrolyzing mixed wastes of the different physicochemical kinds is often a challenge. This study reports the co-pyrolysis of homogeneous polypropylene plastic and paper wastes, highlighting their characteristics, synergetic effects, and kinetic and thermodynamic parameters using robust thermal gravimetric analysis technique. Results show that 20% paper in the blend improved the bulky density, fuel ratio from 0.09 to 0.13, maximum degradation temperature from 369.55 to 447.88 °C and thermal stability from 381.60 to 393.82 °C. The average activation energies of the blend from Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, Friedman and Coats-Redfern were 148.73 ± 7.87, 133.98 ± 11.59 and 143.74 ± 13.83 kJ/mol, respectively, lower than at least one of the homogenous wastes. All the enthalpy and Gibbs free energy values were positive, thus, endothermic non-spontaneous pyrolysis. In addition, average enthalpies for the mixed sample were lower than homogeneous polypropylene (from 159.57 ± 11.86, 153.74 ± 16.07 and 181.27 ± 28.90 to 143.60 ± 24.42, 128.86 ± 34.61 and 138.61 ± 41.32 kJ/mol, respectively) in all models, respectively. The entropy values for all samples were negative. They decreased with increasing conversion rates for mixed waste samples, indicating ease to reach thermodynamic equilibrium during pyrolysis. There is an insignificant difference between the experimental and the calculated TGA/DTG curves, signifying meagre synergetic effects. In addition, the 3D surface response for the conversion rate against temperature and heating rate showed closeness in results between the homogeneous and mixed waste. The results of this study are vital in handling municipal solid waste without any need for isolation during the conversion process to valuable products.
Topics: Kinetics; Polypropylenes; Pyrolysis; Thermodynamics; Thermogravimetry
PubMed: 35580372
DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.04.032 -
Chemosphere Jun 2023Current information regarding the effects of both micro- and nano-plastic debris on coral reefs is limited; especially the toxicity onto corals from nano-plastics...
Current information regarding the effects of both micro- and nano-plastic debris on coral reefs is limited; especially the toxicity onto corals from nano-plastics originating from secondary sources such as fibers from synthetic fabrics. Within this study, we exposed the alcyonacean coral Pinnigorgia flava to different concentrations of polypropylene secondary nanofibers (0.001, 0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/L) and then assayed mortality, mucus production, polyps retraction, coral tissue bleaching, and swelling. The assay materials were obtained by artificially weathering non-woven fabrics retrieved from commercially available personal protective equipment. Specifically, polypropylene (PP) nanofibers displaying a hydrodynamic size of 114.7 ± 8.1 nm and a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.431 were obtained after 180 h exposition in a UV light aging chamber (340 nm at 0.76 Wˑmˑnm). After 72 h of PP exposure no mortality was observed but there were evident stress responses from the corals tested. Specifically, the application of nanofibers at different concentrations caused significant differences in mucus production, polyps retraction and coral tissue swelling (ANOVA, p < 0.001, p = 0.015 and p = 0.015, respectively). NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and LOEC (Lowest Observed Effect concentration) at 72 h resulted 0.1 mg/L and 1 mg/L, respectively. Overall, the study indicates that PP secondary nanofibers can cause adverse effects on corals and could potentially act as a stress factor in coral reefs. The generality of the method of producing and assaying the toxicity of secondary nanofibers from synthetic textiles is also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Polypropylenes; Nanofibers; Anthozoa; Coral Reefs; Weather
PubMed: 36996920
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138509 -
Current Opinion in Urology Jul 2019The present article reviews the history of mesh-related complications and regulations in SUI and POP repair settings, clinical outcomes associated with the use of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The present article reviews the history of mesh-related complications and regulations in SUI and POP repair settings, clinical outcomes associated with the use of biologic and synthetic mesh materials, and novel approaches using modified mesh materials.
RECENT FINDINGS
Treatment of pelvic floor disorders, such as stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) commonly involves implantation of synthetic surgical mesh materials like polypropylene. Many synthetic mesh materials, however, are associated with a foreign body response upon implantation, which is characterized by fibrotic encapsulation. Complications, including erosion, infections, bleeding, and chronic pain, have led to warnings by regulatory agencies and the recall of several mesh products. To mitigate such complications, biologic mesh materials have been proposed as alternatives for SUI and POP repair.
SUMMARY
Clinical outcomes of surgical repair of POP/SUI are similar between biologic and synthetic meshes, but biologic meshes have a lower incidence of adverse effects. Several strategies for modifying or functionalizing biological and synthetic meshes have shown promising results in preclinical studies.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Pelvic Organ Prolapse; Polypropylenes; Suburethral Slings; Surgical Mesh; Urinary Incontinence, Stress
PubMed: 31083010
DOI: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000645 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Apr 2016The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of gluteal suspension with polypropylene strips.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of gluteal suspension with polypropylene strips.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Ninety healthy female patients between the ages of 20 and 50 years (mean, 26 years), who wished to remodel their buttocks from December 2004 to February 2013 were studied retrospectively. All 90 patients were treated with 2 strips of polypropylene on each buttock using the following procedures: 27 (30 %) patients were suspended with polypropylene strips; 63 (70 %) patients were treated with tumescent liposuction in the sacral "V", lower back, supragluteal regions, and flanks to improve buttocks contour (aspirated volume of fat from 350 to 800 cc); 16 (18 %) patients underwent fat grafting in the subcutaneous and intramuscular layers (up to 300 cc in each buttock to increase volume); 5 (6 %) patients received implants to increase volume; and 4 (4.4 %) patients underwent removal and relocation of intramuscular gluteal implants to improve esthetics.
RESULTS
Over an 8-year period, 90 female patients underwent gluteal suspension surgeries. Good esthetic results without complications were obtained in 75 of 90 (84 %) cases. Complications occurred in 15 of 90 (16.6 %) patients, including strip removal due to postoperative pain in 1 (1.1 %) patient, and seroma in both subgluteal sulci in 3 (3.3 %) patients.
CONCLUSION
The results of this study performed in 90 patients over 8 years showed that the suspension with polypropylene strips performed as a single procedure or in combination with other cosmetic methods helps to enhance and lift ptosed gluteal and paragluteal areas.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that the authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Topics: Adult; Buttocks; Cosmetic Techniques; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Polypropylenes; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 26801197
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-015-0599-0