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Deleterious Effects of Polypropylene Microplastic Ingestion in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Jul 2023The effect of daily ingestion of polypropylene microplastic on the health of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was evaluated. 60 fish (± 200 g) were placed in 6...
The effect of daily ingestion of polypropylene microplastic on the health of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, was evaluated. 60 fish (± 200 g) were placed in 6 aquariums (n = 10, 100 L each), constituting the following treatments: Control (without the addition of polymer), fed with 100 and 500 µg of polypropylene/kg of body weight (b.w.), respectively. After 30 days of feeding, the animals were submitted to blood collection for hemogram and biochemical study and later euthanized for gut microbiological analysis, somatic index of liver, spleen, heart, kidney, stomach, and intestine. In the serum biochemical study, an increase in cholesterol and serum Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) activity levels was observed in animals treated with 500 µg of polypropylene. Tilapia-fed polypropylene in the diet showed an increase in thrombocyte and total leukocyte counts, marked by a significant increase in the number of circulating lymphocytes. The results of the somatic study revealed a significant increase in the stomach, liver, and heart of tilapia fed with the polymer. Increase in the number of Gram-negative microorganisms and decrease in mesophilic aerobic microorganisms were observed in the gut of fish exposed to the polymer, including a dose-response effect was observed for these analyses. Therefore, tilapias fed daily with diets containing polypropylene for 30 consecutive days showed deleterious effects, resulting in systemic inflammatory disturbs by altering liver functions, leukocyte profile, and organ morphometry, as well as changes in the intestinal microbiota. Such results demonstrate the impairment of fish health, highlighting the need for further studies that evaluate the impact of microplastics on aquatic organisms.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Microplastics; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Diet; Tilapia; Eating; Animal Feed; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37439925
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-023-03772-y -
Novel large-pore lightweight polypropylene mesh has better biocompatibility for rat model of hernia.Journal of Biomedical Materials... May 2018Abdominal wall hernias are repaired with tension-free prosthetic materials but there remains a foreign body response (FBR) to commonly used polypropylene mesh. Thus, we...
Abdominal wall hernias are repaired with tension-free prosthetic materials but there remains a foreign body response (FBR) to commonly used polypropylene mesh. Thus, we should optimize mesh materials to improve the patient outcomes after surgery. A polypropylene mesh was developed with wrap knitting technique. The physical, mechanical and biocompatible characteristics were tested in a rat abdominal hernia model and compared to ULTRAPRO and Easy Prosthesis. Polypropylene mesh of two pore sizes was developed (LP-WKPM and SP-WKPM). Compared with ULTRAPRO and Easy Prosthesis mesh, the novel mesh were lighter, thinner, and stronger (p < 0.05). Among the four implanted mesh types, there were fewer inflammatory cells and foreign body giant cells surrounding LP-WKPM fibers (p < 0.05), and significantly fewer mononuclear cells and less neovascularization between LP-WKPM fibers (p < 0.05) On day 15, 30 and 90 after implantation there were no differences in foreign body giant cells compared to 15 days after implantation (p>0.05). We developed a novel large-pore lightweight polypropylene mesh that produced less FBR and better biocompatibility in an abdominal wall hernia model. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1269-1275, 2018.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Disease Models, Animal; Hernia; Herniorrhaphy; Inflammation; Materials Testing; Polypropylenes; Porosity; Rats; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 29314586
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36326 -
American Journal of Health-system... Apr 2022This study evaluated the stability of diluted insulin aspart solutions (containing insulin aspart and preservatives) at their most commonly used concentration in...
PURPOSE
This study evaluated the stability of diluted insulin aspart solutions (containing insulin aspart and preservatives) at their most commonly used concentration in intensive care units (1 unit/mL), in 2 container types: cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) vials and polypropylene (PP) syringes.
METHODS
Insulin aspart solution (1 unit/mL, diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection) was stored for 365 days in COC vials with gray stoppers and PP syringes at refrigerated (5°C ± 3°C) and ambient temperatures (25°C ± 2°C at 60% ± 5% relative humidity and protected from light). Chemical testing was conducted monthly using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method (quantification of insulin aspart, phenol, and metacresol). Physical stability was evaluated monthly via pH measurements, visible and subvisible particle counts, and osmolality measurements. Sterility testing was also performed to validate the sterile preparation process and the maintenance of sterility throughout the study.
RESULTS
The limit of stability was set at 90% of the initial concentrations of insulin aspart, phenol, and metacresol. The physicochemical stability of 1-unit/mL insulin solutions stored refrigerated and protected from light, was unchanged in COC vials for the 365-day period and for 1 month in PP syringes. At ambient temperature, subvisible particulate contamination as well as the chemical stability of insulin and metacresol were acceptable for only 1 month's storage in PP syringes, while insulin chemical stability was maintained for only 3 months' storage in COC vials.
CONCLUSION
According to our results, it is not recommended to administer 1-unit/mL pharmacy-diluted insulin solutions after 3 months' storage in COC vials at ambient temperature or after 1 month in PP syringes at ambient temperature. The findings support storage of 1-unit/mL insulin aspart solution in COC vials at refrigerated temperature as the best option over the long term. Sterility was maintained in every condition. Both sterility and physicochemical stability are essential to authorize the administration of a parenteral insulin solution.
Topics: Cycloparaffins; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Humans; Insulin Aspart; Polypropylenes; Syringes
PubMed: 34971359
DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab484 -
Annals of Surgery Aug 2019
Topics: Fertility; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Male; Polypropylenes; Prostheses and Implants; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 30339620
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003091 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Jun 2023The environmental and economic burden of food waste demands new preservation technologies to reduce the degradative actions of spoilage such as moisture, oxygen, and...
The environmental and economic burden of food waste demands new preservation technologies to reduce the degradative actions of spoilage such as moisture, oxygen, and microorganisms. Direct food additives can help maintain product quality; however, the limited life span of these additives combined with consumer desire for "clean label" products has motivated research into new food manufacturing technologies like active and intelligent packaging that can prevent and detect food spoilage. In this work, curcumin was grafted to polypropylene (PP--Cur) via reactive extrusion to produce nonmigratory active and intelligent packaging through a solvent-free, efficient, and continuous method. Immobilization of curcumin was confirmed by a standard migration assay exhibiting a maximum of 0.011 mg/cm migration, significantly below the EU migratory limit for food contact materials (0.1 mg/cm). Compared to native PP films, PP--Cur films blocked 93% of UV light while retaining 64% transparency in the visible region, allowing for desirable product visibility while inhibiting UV degradation of packaged goods. While the ability of PP--Cur to inhibit growth of and was insignificant compared to control PP, free curcumin exhibited poor bacterial inhibition as well, suggesting that without hydrophilic modification, native curcumin has limited antimicrobial efficacy. PP--Cur films displayed significant radical scavenging in both organic (11.71 ± 3.02 Trolox (nmol/cm)) and aqueous (3.18 ± 1.04 Trolox (nmol/cm)) matrices, exhibiting potential for antioxidant behavior in both lipophilic and hydrophilic applications. Finally, when PP--Cur films were exposed to ammonia, an indicator of microbial growth, the color visually and quantitatively changed from yellow to red, demonstrating potential to indicate spoilage. These findings demonstrate the potential of a scalable technology to produce active and intelligent packaging to limit food waste and advance the capabilities of functional materials in a variety of applications.
Topics: Humans; Curcumin; Escherichia coli; Food; Food Packaging; Refuse Disposal; Polypropylenes
PubMed: 37294186
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06589 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Dec 2020To evaluate the vas deferens and testicles of rats submitted to bilateral inguinotomy and polypropylene (PP) mesh placement.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the vas deferens and testicles of rats submitted to bilateral inguinotomy and polypropylene (PP) mesh placement.
METHOD
Sixty Wistar rats were randomized into three groups: Control (inguinotomy only), mesh placement over the vas deferens (Mesh-DD) or under the spermatic funiculus (Mesh-SF). The following analyses were performed: vas deferens morphometry (lumen area and wall thickness), quantification of collagen fibers, spermatogenesis, apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL) and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Quantitative gene expression (qPCR) for apoptosis and inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by RT-PCR.
RESULTS
In the apoptosis pathway, Mesh-DD showed one upregulated gene (Il10) and three downregulated genes (Fadd, Tnfrsf1b and Xiap). In Mesh-SF, 17 genes were downregulated. In the inflammation pathway (Mesh-DD), one gene was upregulated (Il1r1), and one gene was downregulated (Ccl12). In Mesh-SF, three genes were upregulated (Il1r1, Tnfsf13b and Csf1), and two were downregulated (Ccl12 and Csf2). PP mesh placement preserved spermatogenesis and did not alter the vas deferens or the testicle. In the ductus deferens, there was reduced luminal area (30 days), increased wall thickness (90 days), and increased type III collagen and cell proliferation (30 and 90 days) (p < 0.05). In the testicle, cell proliferation was greater in the Mesh-DD (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PP mesh, whether or not in direct contact with spermatic funicular structures, induces changes that were not sufficient to cause damage to the evaluated organs.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Genitalia; Male; Polypropylenes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 32306141
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-020-02186-7 -
Revista Do Colegio Brasileiro de... Dec 2016to compare intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rats when using polypropylene and polypropylene with poliglecaprone meshes.
OBJECTIVE
to compare intraperitoneal adhesion formation in rats when using polypropylene and polypropylene with poliglecaprone meshes.
METHODS
we used twenty male, Wistar rats, divided in two groups. In group 1, the rats received the polypropylene mesh on their right side and the polypropylene with poliglecaprone mesh on their left side. In group 2 the position of the meshes was inverted. After 30 days, we analyzed the presence or not of adhesion formation, including only those over the meshes. The findings undergone an analysis through the Mann-Whitney test, at a level of significance of p≤0.05.
RESULTS
all meshes presented adhesions. We verified that, for the polypropylene meshes, the percentage of their surface covered by adhesions varied from 10.5 to 100%, with an average of 34.07±24.21%, while for the polypropylene with poliglecaprone mesh, the percentage covered by adhesions varied between 8.5% and 100%, with an average of 44.7±32.85% (p=0.12).
CONCLUSION
both meshes lead to adhesion formation, none being superior to the other.
Topics: Animals; Male; Polypropylenes; Prostheses and Implants; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Surgical Mesh; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 28273225
DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912016006002 -
Medical Engineering & Physics Nov 2023An evaluation of the gamma-neutron shielding capabilities of polymer nanocomposite materials based on polypropylene and iron nanoparticles is presented in this study....
An evaluation of the gamma-neutron shielding capabilities of polymer nanocomposite materials based on polypropylene and iron nanoparticles is presented in this study. The chemical composition of the materials is (100-x) PP-Fex, (where x = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 wt percent). For the proposed polymer samples with photon energies ranging from 30 to 2000 KeV, the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), a crucial parameter for studying gamma-ray shielding capability, was calculated using the Geant4 Monte Carlo code. Results were compared with those predicted by EpiXS. The values of the Geant4 code and the EpiXS software were both found to be in excellent agreement. Using the mass attenuation coefficient values, we determined the linear attenuation coefficients, electron density, effective atomic number, and half value layer for all the samples. The shielding properties of the polymer samples were also evaluated by estimating both the fast neutron removal cross-section and the mean free path of the fast neutron at energies between 0.25 and 5.5 keV. The study's findings indicate a positive correlation between the Fe nanoparticle content and the gamma-ray shielding performance of PP-Fe polymer samples. Out of the several glasses that were evaluated, it was found that the PP-Fe5 polymer sample demonstrates the highest efficacy in terms of gamma-ray shielding. Moreover, the polymer sample PP-Fe5, which consists of 5 mol% of iron (Fe), exhibits the highest value of ∑R (1.10650 cm) and the lowest value of the mean free path for fast neutrons. This indicates that the PP-Fe possesses better gamma-neutron shielding efficiency.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Radiation Protection; Iron; Nanoparticles; Polymers; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 37985023
DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2023.104066 -
Cytotoxicity of polymers intended for the extrusion-based additive manufacturing of surgical guides.Scientific Reports May 2022Extrusion-based printing enables simplified and economic manufacturing of surgical guides for oral implant placement. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of a biocopolyester...
Extrusion-based printing enables simplified and economic manufacturing of surgical guides for oral implant placement. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of a biocopolyester (BE) and a polypropylene (PP), intended for the fused filament fabrication of surgical guides was evaluated. For comparison, a medically certified resin based on methacrylic esters (ME) was printed by stereolithography (n = 18 each group). Human gingival keratinocytes (HGK) were exposed to eluates of the tested materials and an impedance measurement and a tetrazolium assay (MTT) were performed. Modulations in gene expression were analyzed by quantitative PCR. One-way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey tests were applied. None of the materials exceeded the threshold for cytotoxicity (< 70% viability in MTT) according to ISO 10993-5:2009. The impedance-based cell indices for PP and BE, reflecting cell proliferation, showed little deviations from the control, while ME caused a reduction of up to 45% after 72 h. PCR analysis after 72 h revealed only marginal modulations caused by BE while PP induced a down-regulation of genes encoding for inflammation and apoptosis (p < 0.05). In contrast, the 72 h ME eluate caused an up-regulation of these genes (p < 0.01). All evaluated materials can be considered biocompatible in vitro for short-term application. However, long-term contact to ME might induce (pro-)apoptotic/(pro-)inflammatory responses in HGK.
Topics: Gingiva; Humans; Keratinocytes; Polymers; Polypropylenes; Stereolithography
PubMed: 35513701
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11426-y -
Biotechnology and Bioengineering Feb 2018Surface functionalization of biological inert polymers (e.g., polypropylene PP; polystyrene PS) with material binding peptides facilitates an efficient immobilization of...
Surface functionalization of biological inert polymers (e.g., polypropylene PP; polystyrene PS) with material binding peptides facilitates an efficient immobilization of enzymes, bioactive peptides or antigens at ambient temperature in water. The developed robust directed evolution protocol enables to tailor polymer binding anchor peptides (PBPs) for efficient binding under application conditions. Key for a successful directed evolution campaign was to develop an epPCR protocol with a very high mutation frequency (60 mutations/kb) to ensure sufficient diversity in PBPs (47 aas LCI: "liquid chromatography peak I"; 44 aas TA2: "Tachystatin A2"). LCI and TA2 were genetically fused to the reporter egfp to quantify peptide binding on PP and PS by fluorescence analysis. The Peptide-Polymer evolution protocol (PePevo protocol) was validated in two directed evolution campaigns for two PBPs and polymers (LCI: PP; TA2: PS). Surfactants were used as selection pressure for improved PBP binders (non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100; 1 mM for LCI-PP // anionic surfactant LAS; 0.5 mM for TA2-PS). PePevo yielded an up to three fold improved PP-binder (LCI-M1-PP: I24T, Y29H, E42 K and LCI-M2-PP: D31V, E42G) and an up to six fold stronger PS-binder (TA2-M1-PS: R3S, L6P, V12 K, S15P, C29R, R30L, F33S, Y44H and TA2-M2-PS: F9C, C24S, G26D, S31G, C41S, Y44Q).
Topics: Directed Molecular Evolution; Escherichia coli; Peptides; Polypropylenes; Polystyrenes; Protein Binding; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29064564
DOI: 10.1002/bit.26481