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Marine Pollution Bulletin Jan 2018Microplastics and synthetic musks (SMs) are two typical organic pollutants in the marine environment. In this study, the sorption of three SMs to microplastics in a...
Microplastics and synthetic musks (SMs) are two typical organic pollutants in the marine environment. In this study, the sorption of three SMs to microplastics in a simulated seawater environment was examined. Tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX), and musk ketone (MK) were the musks investigated, while polypropylene (PP) was used as the microplastic. It was found that the equilibrium sorption time was about 10h and the adsorption kinetics model conformed to a Lagergren adsorption model. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size. Adsorption reached a peak at 25°C, and the adsorption capacity was not sensitive to the concentration of sodium chloride. There is a need for more research and monitoring of microplastics in the marine environment due to their strong ability to absorb organic pollutants.
Topics: Adsorption; Polypropylenes; Seawater; Tetrahydronaphthalenes; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Xylenes
PubMed: 28982477
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.025 -
Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam,... Jun 2023The occurrence of accumulation of microplastics in humans and wildlife has become a serious concern on a global scale, especially in the last decade. Although there are...
The occurrence of accumulation of microplastics in humans and wildlife has become a serious concern on a global scale, especially in the last decade. Although there are many studies on microplastics, their biological effects and toxicity on freshwater fish have not been fully revealed. In order to evaluate the potential toxic effects of PP (polypropylene) microplastics in freshwater fish, we performed 1-day, 2-day, 3-day, 4-day, 5-day, 6-day, and 7-day microplastic exposure to different concentrations of the microplastics through water and diet on Cyprinus carpio. Fish samples were divided into 3 groups; Group-A with different PP microplastic concentrations in their water (A:1.0 g/L and A:2.5 g/L), Group-B with different PP microplastic concentrations in their diet (B:100 mg/g and B:250 mg/g), and Group-C (Control group) free of PP microplastics in their diet and water. The results showed that although microplastics did not cause death in C. carpio, they caused oxidative stress in comparing the MP exposed groups to the control groups. When indices of oxidative stress of fish individuals in all treatment groups were compared with the control group, it was determined that MDA (malondialdehyde) and GSH (glutathione) levels increased, while TPC (total protein content) and CAT (catalase) levels decreased depending on the concentrations and exposure times. Significant differences were observed between the control and treatment groups in the indices of oxidative stress (P<0.05). This study provided basic toxicological data to elucidate and quantify the effects of PP microplastics on freshwater fish. In addition, this study is the first study to indicate that microplastic exposure of carp via diet and water causes oxidative stress in gill tissues and causes changes in CAT, MDA, GSH, and TPC levels. The findings also provide useful reference data for improving knowledge of the effects of microplastics on organisms in freshwater systems.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Microplastics; Antioxidants; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Carps; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Oxidative Stress; Glutathione; Diet
PubMed: 37062245
DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106540 -
Annals of Surgery Aug 2019
Topics: Fertility; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Male; Polypropylenes; Prostheses and Implants; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 31305340
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003092 -
Bulletin of Entomological Research Jun 2023Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been a hot research topic in recent years. MPs are ubiquitous throughout the ecological environment and are eventually accumulated in...
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been a hot research topic in recent years. MPs are ubiquitous throughout the ecological environment and are eventually accumulated in organisms through inhalation or ingestion. However, given that MPs are inert pollutants, their effects on organisms are not clear. In previous study, we have investigated the effects of polyethylene terephthalate MPs on physiology of . What is the effect of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs)? The results of our experiments show that being exposed to high concentration of PP-MPs have significant effect on . PP-MPs exposure can significantly increase locomotor activity and shorten the time of group sleep in . In the presence of high concentrations of PP-MPs, the triglyceride content was reduced in females and their ability of egg production was affected. However, there was no significant effect on the level of protein and carbohydrate, or on the food intake. Our experimental results can provide some preliminary data for assessing the potential hazard of PP-MPs to other organisms.
Topics: Female; Animals; Microplastics; Plastics; Polypropylenes; Drosophila; Environment
PubMed: 36636811
DOI: 10.1017/S0007485322000633 -
The Science of the Total Environment May 2022With the push for sustainable design strategies, recyclable packaging is widely favored by the public in the express delivery industry due to its potential for lowering...
With the push for sustainable design strategies, recyclable packaging is widely favored by the public in the express delivery industry due to its potential for lowering environmental burden and solving climatic challenges. The goal of this paper was to quantify and integrate the environmental footprints of polypropylene hollow board express box (PPH-EB) and establish evaluation model between the recyclable ability and environment performance (EMRE) based on life cycle assessment. This work was carried out by multiple indicators to avoid environmental problem-shifting, and corrugated cartons express box (C-EB) was taken as control objects. The results show that integrated index of PPH-EB is 94.42% lower than that of C-EB. Industrial Water Use (IWU), Primary Energy Demand (PED) and SO are major factors affecting results of PPH-EB, which mainly come from polypropylene particles and water resource consumption from recycle process. The most obvious advantage of PPH-EB compared with C-EB is the nearly 1700 times difference in normalized COD index caused by direct emission of paper preparation process. Scenario analysis showed that integrated index of PPH-EB was lower than that of traditional corrugated cartons after more than twice of use, but if the recycling times of PPH-EB continued to increase, the effect on reducing environmental burden was no longer significant. Therefore, although the recyclable times plays a role in decreasing the environmental impact, it is not a permanent strategy. In the design stage of the recyclable express box, the recyclable ability should be reasonably designed through EMRE, so as to minimize the environmental burden.
Topics: Environment; Polypropylenes; Product Packaging; Recycling
PubMed: 35124059
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153650 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Oct 2023High-performance polypropylene (PP) foam is a vital polymer product in industrial areas. However, the poor melt strength of ordinary PP homopolymer limits its foaming...
High-performance polypropylene (PP) foam is a vital polymer product in industrial areas. However, the poor melt strength of ordinary PP homopolymer limits its foaming molding. In this work, high melt strength polypropylene (HMSPP) is prepared by using styrene (St) and tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) as comonomers, and then PP foams are prepared by mold foaming method. The results show that adding St in the grafting process of TPGDA will obviously improve the melt strength of the PP matrix, and its melt strength (28 184 Pa.s) is 7.4 times higher than that of pure PP. HMSPP foam has more regular and uniform cells and higher cell density, which significantly improves the sound and thermal insulation properties of PP foam. Compared with pure PP foam, the average sound transmission loss (52.9 dB) of HMSPP foam with a low foaming ratio increased by 64%, and the thermal conductivity (0.0867 W mK ) decreased by 46%. Therefore, the obtained HMSPP foam can be used in sound insulation or thermal insulation area. This work provides an available route for the high-performance utilization of PP foam.
Topics: Polypropylenes; Acrylates; Polymers; Propylene Glycols; Styrene
PubMed: 37552045
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300344 -
Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni Jul 2023The Malassezia yeast species colonize on the skin immediately after birth and could be found on the healthy skin flora for life. Although they are more frequently...
The Malassezia yeast species colonize on the skin immediately after birth and could be found on the healthy skin flora for life. Although they are more frequently involved in the etiology of common skin infections in the community, particularly Malassezia furfur could cause life-threatening infections such as fungemia. Detection of biofilm during the colonization of these yeasts on the skin is an important criterion for its virulence. Since they are lipophilic yeasts, commonly used biofilm detection methods are not applicable to the Malassezia strains. The aim of the study was to describe the growth and measurement of M.furfur isolates on a polypropylene membrane to demonstrate their biofilm-forming capacities. Twenty-seven M.furfur strains colonized in the newborns were included in the study. Basically, sterile polypropylene membranes were placed on different polysorbates (tween 20, 40, and 80) which were spread on Sabouraud dextrose agar. Ten µl saline suspension of M.furfur was dropped on the polypropylene membrane and incubated in standard growth conditions for three days. Later, the visible colony was removed gently by washing with running water and the biofilm structure formed on the membrane was stained with safranin. The stained biofilm was photographed. Performing image analysis, the values obtained against background activity were digitized according to the specified protocol. Moreover, XTT reduction test was performed and the measured metabolic activity results were compared with the safranin-stained biofilm data. The safranin hydrolysis of the strains was measured spectrometrically. Twenty-five (92.6%) of the strains included in the study were stained with safranin, which indicated the presence of biofilm on the polypropylene membrane. The strains grown with tween 20 and tween 80 formed a higher biofilm layer density than those supplied with tween 40. Isolates with low and high biofilm-forming capacity were clearly separated by tween 20 (p< 0.05). XTT activity was detected in 26 (96.3%) isolates. No correlation was found between biofilm density obtained by the described method and XTT reduction. It was observed that hydrolysis of safranin did not affect the biofilm evaluation method. In this study, it was shown that as a result of sufficient diffusion through hydrophobic membranes, polysorbate-based growth factors could maintain measurement of the biofilm layer formed by lipophilic M.furfur strains. The best grouping properties for M.furfur were obtained with tween 20 which could determine low and high level of biofilm formation. Image analysis was used with high performance for this method. As conclusion, the utilization of different hydrophobic membranes and dyes would lead to the development of new techniques for the application in other lipophilic yeasts.
Topics: Humans; Infant, Newborn; Malassezia; Polysorbates; Polypropylenes; Skin; Biofilms
PubMed: 37462306
DOI: 10.5578/mb.20239935 -
International Journal of Biological... May 2021A novel and environmentally friendly lignin-based surfactant sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) flame retardant (LDH-LS) was fabricated...
A novel and environmentally friendly lignin-based surfactant sodium lignosulfonate (SLS) modified layered double hydroxide (LDH) flame retardant (LDH-LS) was fabricated via co-precipitation method, and subsequently incorporated into polypropylene (PP) matrix to obtain the PP and LDH-LS composites (PP/LDH-LS) by melt blending method. The XRD, FT-IR and XPS results indicated that SLS had successfully modified LDH by adsorbing on the surface of the LDH nanosheet. The WCA and SEM results revealed that the hydrophobic property of LDH-LS had been evidently improved, and it displayed a more homogeneous dispersion than virgin LDH in the PP matrix. Furthermore, cone calorimetry tests (CCT) illustrated that the peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke release (TSR) of PP/LDH-LS composites exhibited declines of 62.9%, 25.1%, and 43.3% compared with those of Neat PP, respectively. Besides, the PP/LDH-LS achieved a LOI value of 29.4% and a UL-94 V-0 rating, whereas the PP/LDH showed only a LOI value of 25.2% and a UL-94 V-2 rating at 20 wt% loading. These improvements of flame retardant properties can be attributed to that the well-dispersed LDH-LS and synergistic flame retardancy between LDH and SLS.
Topics: Flame Retardants; Hydroxides; Lignin; Polypropylenes; Smoke; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 33631261
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.148 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Feb 2024To inhibit viral infection, it is necessary for the surface of polypropylene (PP), a polymer of significant industrial relevance, to possess biocidal properties....
To inhibit viral infection, it is necessary for the surface of polypropylene (PP), a polymer of significant industrial relevance, to possess biocidal properties. However, due to its low surface energy, PP weakly interacts with other organic molecules. The biocidal effects of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) have inspired the development of nonwoven PP fibers with surface-bound quaternary ammonium (QA). Despite this advancement, there is limited knowledge regarding the durability of these coatings against scratching and abrasion. It is hypothesized that the durability could be improved if the thickness of the coating layer were controlled and increased. We herein functionalized PP with three-dimensionally surface-grafted poly(-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide) (PBVP) by a simple and rapid method involving graft polymerization and benzylation and examined the influence of different factors on the antiviral effect of the resulting plastic by using a plaque assay. The thickness of the PBVP coating, surface roughness, and amount of QACs, which jointly determine biocidal activity, could be controlled by adjusting the duration and intensity of the ultraviolet irradiation used for grafting. The best-performing sample reduced the viral infection titer of an enveloped model virus (bacteriophage ϕ6) by approximately 5 orders of magnitude after 60 min of contact and retained its antiviral activity after surface polishing-simulated scratching and abrasion, which indicated the localization of QACs across the coating interior. Our method may expand the scope of application to resin plates as well as fibers of PP. Given that the developed approach is not limited to PP and may be applied to other low-surface-energy olefinic polymers such as polyethylene and polybutene, our work paves the way for the fabrication of a wide range of biocidal surfaces for use in diverse environments, helping to prevent viral infection.
Topics: Humans; Polypropylenes; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Polymers; Virus Diseases; Antiviral Agents; Polyvinyls; Pyridinium Compounds; Vinyl Compounds
PubMed: 38343039
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15125 -
Environmental Technology Nov 2018This paper employed a blending method to prepare a new hydrophilic and biocompatible magnetic polypropylene carrier (HBMPC) and pure polypropylene carrier (PPC)....
This paper employed a blending method to prepare a new hydrophilic and biocompatible magnetic polypropylene carrier (HBMPC) and pure polypropylene carrier (PPC). Mechanical strength, magnetic induction on surface, microstructure, hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of HBMPC were measured, characterized and investigated respectively. The results showed that mechanical strength of PPC and HBMPC was not much different; magnetic induction on the surface of HBMPC was 4-6 mT; HBMPC had relatively large surface roughness and specific surface; average water content of PPC and HBMPC was 47.1% and 64.7%, respectively; contact angle of PPC and HBMPC was 88.7° and 58.5°, respectively; adsorption capacity of HBMPC and PPC to microorganism was 5.40E + 05 and 5.70E + 04 cfu (g·h), respectively. It took about 15 days for PPC to succeed in biofilm culturing while it took only 12 days for HBMPC. COD and [Formula: see text] removal efficiencies of PPC and HBMPC on the 15th day of biofilm formation were 80.5%, 90.5%, 63.7% and 85.4%, respectively; and growth status of microorganism adhering to the surface of HBMPC was better than that of PPC, biomass on single HBMPC and PPC after succeeded in biofilm culturing was 43.9 and 27.4 mg, respectively. All of these indicated that HBMPC had excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility.
Topics: Adsorption; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Polypropylenes; Wastewater
PubMed: 28791890
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1365940