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PET Clinics Apr 2024During the last 2 decades, f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) has transformed the clinical head and neck cancer... (Review)
Review
During the last 2 decades, f-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F FDG PET/CT) has transformed the clinical head and neck cancer imaging for patient management and predicting survival outcomes. It is now widely used for staging, radiotherapy planning, posttherapy assessment, and for detecting recurrence in head and neck cancers and is widely included in NCCN and other evidence based clinical practice guidelines. Future Directions would include evaluating the potential value of FAPI PET/CT for head and neck cancers, opportunity to use volumetric and tumor heterogeneity parameters and deploying AI in diagnostic and therapeutic assessments.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 38290968
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.013 -
Clinical Autonomic Research : Official... Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 36083420
DOI: 10.1007/s10286-022-00893-y -
Medical Physics Dec 2015Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly considered as an effective imaging method to support several stages of radiation therapy. The combined usage of... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is increasingly considered as an effective imaging method to support several stages of radiation therapy. The combined usage of functional and morphological imaging in state-of-the-art PET/CT scanners is rapidly emerging to support the treatment planning process in terms of improved tumor delineation, and to assess the tumor response in follow-up investigations after or even during the course of fractionated therapy. Moreover, active research is being pursued on new tracers capable of providing different insights into tumor function, in order to identify areas of the planning volume which may require additional dosage for improved probability of tumor control. In this respect, major progresses in the next years will likely concern the development and clinical investigation of novel tracers and image processing techniques for reliable thresholding and segmentation, of treatment planning and beam delivery approaches integrating the PET imaging information, as well as improved multimodal clinical instrumentation such as PET/MR. But especially in the rapidly emerging case of ion beam therapy, the usage of PET is not only limited to the imaging of external tracers injected to the patient. In fact, a minor amount of positron emitters is formed in nuclear fragmentation reactions between the impinging ions and the tissue, bearing useful information for confirmation of the delivered treatment during or after therapeutic irradiation. Different implementations of unconventional PET imaging for therapy monitoring are currently being investigated clinically, and major ongoing research aims at new dedicated detector technologies and at challenging applications such as real-time imaging and time-resolved in vivo verification of motion compensated beam delivery. This paper provides an overview of the different areas of application of PET in radiation oncology and discusses the most promising perspectives in the years to come for radiation therapy planning, delivery, and monitoring.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided
PubMed: 26632070
DOI: 10.1118/1.4935869 -
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine May 2022Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique introduced in 1970s. Over the years, PET was used alone but is in 2000 when the first hybrid PET/CT... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique introduced in 1970s. Over the years, PET was used alone but is in 2000 when the first hybrid PET/CT device was clinically introduced. Since then, PET has continuously been marked by technological developments, being the most recent one the introduction of silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) as an alternative to standard photomultiplier tubes used in analog PET/CT systems. SiPMs, the basis for the so called digital PET/CT systems, are smaller than standard photomultiplier tubes (enabling higher spatial resolution) and provide up to 100% coverage of the crystal area, as well as high sensitivity, low noise, and fast timing resolution. SiPMs in combination with optimized acquisition and reconstruction parameters improve the localization of the annihilation events, provide high definition PET images, and offer higher sensitivity and higher diagnostic performance. This article summarizes the evidence about the superior performance of the state of the art digital PET and highlights its potential clinical implications. Digital PET opens new perspectives in the quantification and characterization of small lesions, which are mostly undetectable using analog PET systems, potentially changing patient management and improving outcomes in oncological and non-oncological diseases. Moreover, digital PET offers the possibility to reduce radiation dose and scan times which may facilitate the implementation of PET to address unmet clinical needs.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 34836617
DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2021.10.004 -
Pediatric Radiology Jun 2023Functional imaging is playing an increasingly important role in pediatric radiology. Hybrid imaging techniques utilizing PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed... (Review)
Review
Functional imaging is playing an increasingly important role in pediatric radiology. Hybrid imaging techniques utilizing PET/CT (positron emission tomography/computed tomography), PET/MRI (positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging), or SPECT/CT (single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography) are now available in nearly every clinical practice. There are an increasing number of indications for the use of functional imaging, including oncologic and infectious indications, and it is essential to select and design the hybrid imaging protocol in order to optimize both the functional and anatomic components of the examination. Optimizing the protocol includes strategies for dose reduction, judicious use of contrast media and diagnostic quality imaging as appropriate, and for the greatest reduction in exposure to ionizing radiation, utilizing PET/MRI, whenever available. This review will provide an overview of hybrid imaging protocol considerations with a focus on oncologic and infectious indications.
Topics: Child; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Multimodal Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 36899268
DOI: 10.1007/s00247-023-05597-7 -
PET Clinics Jan 2024Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT)... (Review)
Review
Organ-specific PET scanners continues to draw interest for their high-resolution imaging capability that is unmatched by whole-body PET/computed tomography (CT) scanners. The virtual-pinhole PET concept offers new opportunities in PET system design, allowing one to mix and match detectors of different characteristics to achieve the highest performance such as high image resolution, high system sensitivity, and large imaging field-of-view. This novel approach delivers high-resolution PET images previously available only through organ-specific PET scanner while maintaining the imaging field-of-view of a clinical PET/CT scanner to see the entire body.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Phantoms, Imaging
PubMed: 37775372
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.08.002 -
Current Opinion in Endocrinology,... Jun 2022Adrenal imaging forms an important role in the workup of adrenal masses. The purpose of this review is to briefly review the traditional role of imaging in adrenal... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Adrenal imaging forms an important role in the workup of adrenal masses. The purpose of this review is to briefly review the traditional role of imaging in adrenal diseases and highlight the most recent research and new applications aimed to improve diagnostic accuracy.
RECENT FINDINGS
The current review will focus on new applications of computed tomography (CT), MRI and PET/CT imaging, addressing the implications of artificial intelligence and radiomics in progressing diagnostic accuracy.
SUMMARY
The new applications of adrenal imaging are improving diagnostic accuracy and expanding the role of imaging, particularly with novel PET radiotracers and the use of artificial intelligence.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35621177
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000730 -
The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and... 2019
Review
Topics: Animals; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Positron-Emission Tomography; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 31613195
DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19080169 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry May 2023With appropriate radiotracers, positron emission tomography (PET) allows direct or indirect monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of anesthetics,... (Review)
Review
With appropriate radiotracers, positron emission tomography (PET) allows direct or indirect monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of anesthetics, neurotransmitters, and biomarkers, making it an indispensable tool for studying the general anesthesia mechanism. In this Perspective, PET tracers that have been recruited in general anesthesia research are introduced in the following order: 1) C/F-labeled anesthetics, i.e., PET tracers made from inhaled and intravenous anesthetics; 2) PET tracers targeting anesthesia-related receptors, e.g., neurotransmitters and voltage-gated ion channels; and 3) PET tracers for studying anesthesia-related neurophysiological effects and neurotoxicity. The radiosynthesis, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of the above PET tracers are mainly discussed to provide a practical molecular toolbox for radiochemists, anesthesiologists, and those who are interested in general anesthesia.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Anesthesia, General; Radiopharmaceuticals; Anesthetics, Intravenous
PubMed: 37145921
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01965 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jan 2023
Commentary: Lest we biopsy: Positron emission tomography-computed tomography as a tool to achieve a "greater good" in the diagnosis and management of the resectable anterior mediastinal mass.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Biopsy; Neoplasm Staging; Lung Neoplasms; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35525804
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.02.057