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Hematological Oncology Jun 2023Positron emission tomography is established for staging and response evaluation in lymphoma using visual evaluation and semi-quantitative analysis. Radiomic analysis... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography is established for staging and response evaluation in lymphoma using visual evaluation and semi-quantitative analysis. Radiomic analysis involving quantitative imaging features at baseline, such as metabolic tumor volume and markers of disease dissemination and changes in the standardized uptake value during treatment are emerging as powerful biomarkers. The combination of radiomic features with clinical risk factors and genomic analysis offers the potential to improve clinical risk prediction. This review discusses the state of current knowledge, progress toward standardization of tumor delineation for radiomic analysis and argues that radiomic features, molecular markers and circulating tumor DNA should be included in clinical trial designs to enable the development of baseline and dynamic risk scores that could further advance the field to facilitate testing of novel treatments and personalized therapy in aggressive lymphomas.
Topics: Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Lymphoma; Genomics; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37294959
DOI: 10.1002/hon.3137 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 20202-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint... (Review)
Review
2-deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) is a promising tool to support the evaluation of response to either target therapies or immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors both in clinical trials and, in selected patients, at the single patient's level. The present review aims to discuss available evidence related to the use of [F]FDG PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to evaluate the response to target therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. Criteria proposed for the standardization of the definition of the PET-based response and complementary value with respect to morphological imaging are commented on. The use of PET-based assessment of the response through metabolic pathways other than glucose metabolism is also relevant in the framework of personalized cancer treatment. A brief discussion of the preliminary evidence for the use of non-FDG PET tracers in the evaluation of the response to new therapies is also provided.
Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiology, Interventional; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32722205
DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080373 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2018Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are encouraging precise non-invasive imaging modalities that... (Review)
Review
Cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) are encouraging precise non-invasive imaging modalities that allow imaging of the cellular function of the heart, while other non-invasive cardiovascular imaging modalities are considered to be techniques for imaging the anatomy, morphology, structure, function and tissue characteristics. The role of cardiac PET has been growing rapidly and providing high diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease (CAD). Clinical cardiology has established PET as a criterion for the assessment of myocardial viability and is recommended for the proper management of reduced left ventricle (LV) function and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Hybrid PET/CT imaging has enabled simultaneous integration of the coronary anatomy with myocardial perfusion and metabolism and has improved characterization of dysfunctional areas in chronic CAD. Also, the availability of quantitative myocardial blood flow (MBF) evaluation with various PET perfusion tracers provides additional prognostic information and enhances the diagnostic performance of nuclear imaging.
Topics: Coronary Artery Disease; Heart; Humans; Myocardial Perfusion Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 30344278
DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030047 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2023Positron emission tomography is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality, based on the coincident detection of annihilation photons after positron decay. The most... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography is a highly sensitive molecular imaging modality, based on the coincident detection of annihilation photons after positron decay. The most used detector is based on dense, fast, and luminous scintillators read out by light sensors. This review covers the various detector concepts for clinical and preclinical systems.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Photons
PubMed: 36208967
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.08.004 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Dec 2023Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide key structural information on brain pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures... (Review)
Review
Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide key structural information on brain pathophysiology. Positron emission tomography (PET) measures metabolism in the living brain; it plays an important role in molecular neuroimaging and is rapidly expanding its field of application to the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Different PET radiopharmaceuticals allow characterization and quantization of biological processes at the molecular and cellular levels, from which many neurodegenerative diseases develop. In addition, hybrid imaging tools such as PET/CT and PET/MRI support the utility of PET, enabling the anatomical mapping of functional data. In this overview, we describe the most commonly used PET tracers in the diagnostic work-up of patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. We also briefly discuss the pathophysiological processes of tracer uptake in the brain, detailing their specific cellular pathways in clinical cases. This overview is limited to imaging agents already applied in human subjects, with particular emphasis on those tracers used in our department.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 38176937
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2206172 -
Cancer Jul 2022During the past several decades, numerous studies have provided insights into biological characteristics of cancer cells and identified various hallmarks of cancer... (Review)
Review
During the past several decades, numerous studies have provided insights into biological characteristics of cancer cells and identified various hallmarks of cancer acquired in the tumorigenic processes. However, it is still challenging to image these distinctive traits of cancer to facilitate the management of patients in clinical settings. The rapidly evolving field of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has provided opportunities to investigate cancer's biological characteristics in vivo. This article reviews the current status of PET imaging on characterizing hallmarks of cancer and discusses the future directions of PET imaging strategies facilitating in vivo cancer phenotyping.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Neoplasms; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35417604
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34228 -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2015Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is based on detecting two time-coincident high-energy photons from the emission of a positron-emitting radioisotope. The... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is based on detecting two time-coincident high-energy photons from the emission of a positron-emitting radioisotope. The physics of the emission, and the detection of the coincident photons, give PET imaging unique capabilities for both very high sensitivity and accurate estimation of the in vivo concentration of the radiotracer. PET imaging has been widely adopted as an important clinical modality for oncological, cardiovascular, and neurological applications. PET imaging has also become an important tool in preclinical studies, particularly for investigating murine models of disease and other small-animal models. However, there are several challenges to using PET imaging systems. These include the fundamental trade-offs between resolution and noise, the quantitative accuracy of the measurements, and integration with X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we review how researchers and industry are addressing these challenges.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Biomedical Engineering; Biophysical Phenomena; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Scattering, Radiation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26643024
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040723 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2022Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), arising from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Despite the well-known utilization of... (Review)
Review
Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), arising from thyroid follicular epithelial cells, is the most common type of thyroid cancer. Despite the well-known utilization of radioiodine treatment in DTC, i.e., iodine-131, radioiodine imaging in DTC is typically performed with iodine-123 and iodine-131, with the current hybrid scanner performing single photon emission tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) provides superior visualization and quantification of functions at the molecular level; thus, lesion assessment can be improved compared to that of SPECT/CT. Various types of cancer, including radioiodine-refractory DTC, can be detected by 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([F]FDG), the most well-known and widely used PET radiopharmaceutical. Several other PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed, although some are limited in availability despite their potential clinical utilizations. This article aims to summarize PET radiopharmaceuticals in DTC, focusing on molecular pathways and applications.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 35956886
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154936 -
Circulation Journal : Official Journal... 2013Nuclear imaging, predominantly with single-photon emission tomography, has established and demonstrated value for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD).... (Review)
Review
Nuclear imaging, predominantly with single-photon emission tomography, has established and demonstrated value for the assessment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Formerly, the clinical application of positron emission tomography (PET) was precluded by methodological complexity, high operating costs and lack of widespread availability. However, as PET and radiotracer development technologies have improved and continue to do so, PET is expected to become a mainstay diagnostic cardiovascular imaging modality. Not only is PET imaging of great importance for routine clinical decision-making and diagnosing CVD, it is also gaining prominence in fundamental and translational research models. The scope of this review is to summarize the state-of-the-art advances in PET imaging methodology, clinical utility and potential future application.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiography
PubMed: 23486164
DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-13-0213 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia Aug 2019Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an... (Review)
Review
Non-invasive assessment of ischemic heart disease remains a challenging task, even with a large armory of diagnostic modalities. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced radionuclide technique that has been available for decades. Originally used as a research tool that contributed to advances in the understanding of cardiovascular pathophysiology, it is now becoming established in clinical practice and is increasingly used in the diagnosis and risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease. PET myocardial perfusion imaging has a mean sensitivity and specificity of around 90% for the detection of angiographically significant coronary artery disease, and is also highly accurate for assessing the prognosis of patients with ischemic heart disease. Depending on the radiotracer used, it can provide information not only on myocardial perfusion but also on myocardial metabolism, which is essential for viability assessment. The potential of this imaging technique has been further increased with the introduction of hybrid scanners, which combine PET with computed tomography or cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, offering integrated morphological and functional information and hence comprehensive assessment of the effects of atherosclerosis on the myocardium. The scope of this review is to summarize the role of PET in ischemic heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Ischemia; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 31694787
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2019.02.011