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PET Clinics Jul 2022Molecular imaging with PET-computerized tomography (PET-CT) plays an important role in oncology. There is current and evolving evidence supporting the use of... (Review)
Review
Molecular imaging with PET-computerized tomography (PET-CT) plays an important role in oncology. There is current and evolving evidence supporting the use of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and non-FDG tracers in assessment patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers in various clinical scenarios. In this chapter, we discuss the advantages and limitations of FDG and non-FDG PET-CT in the management of patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic cancers.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 35717098
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2022.03.007 -
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton,... 2024Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to map molecular and metabolic processes in living...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to map molecular and metabolic processes in living animals. PET can be performed as a stand-alone modality but is often combined with CT to provide for objective anatomical localization of PET signals in a multimodality approach. In order to outline the general approach to evaluating four mice simultaneously by dynamic PET imaging, the use of the aldehyde-targeted radiotracer [F]NABF in mouse models of hepatotoxicity will be described. Indeed the production of aldehydes is upregulated in a wide range of disease and injury, making them a suitable biomarker for PET imaging of numerous pathologies.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Workflow; Positron-Emission Tomography; Multimodal Imaging; Radioactive Tracers
PubMed: 38006497
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_11 -
PET Clinics Apr 2022Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has an integral role in modern radiotherapy planning for most patients with head and neck... (Review)
Review
Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has an integral role in modern radiotherapy planning for most patients with head and neck malignancies. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) should guide standard target delineation and has emerging roles in dose and volume modification for escalation/de-escalation and adaptive radiotherapy. This article discusses the integration of PET/CT into radiotherapy planning.
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 35256302
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2021.12.007 -
The British Journal of Radiology Jun 2020Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and... (Review)
Review
Currently, Nuclear Medicine has a clearly defined role in clinical practice due to its usefulness in many medical disciplines. It provides relevant diagnostic and therapeutic options leading to patients' healthcare and quality of life improvement. During the first two decades of the 21st century, the number of Nuclear Medicine procedures increased considerably.Clinical and research advances in Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging have been based on developments in radiopharmaceuticals and equipment, namely, the introduction of multimodality imaging. In addition, new therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals, mainly in oncology, are underway.This review will focus on radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET), in particular, those labeled with Fluorine-18 and Gallium-68. Multimodality as a key player in clinical practice led to the development of new detector technology and combined efforts to improve resolution. The concept of dual probe (a single molecule labeled with a radionuclide for single photon emission computed tomography)/positron emission tomography and a light emitter for optical imaging) is gaining increasing acceptance, especially in minimally invasive radioguided surgery. The expansion of theranostics, using the same molecule for diagnosis (γ or positron emitter) and therapy (β minus or α emitter) is reshaping personalized medicine.Upcoming research and development efforts will lead to an even wider array of indications for Nuclear Medicine both in diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Humans; Molecular Imaging; Nuclear Medicine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32401541
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200095 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Apr 2017
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 28377469
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.117.006321 -
Annals of Nuclear Medicine Oct 2020Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to noninvasively evaluate myocardial perfusion and metabolism. For clinical assessments of myocardial perfusion, the... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) has been used to noninvasively evaluate myocardial perfusion and metabolism. For clinical assessments of myocardial perfusion, the quantitative capability of PET permits precise assessments of ischemia and microcirculatory dysfunction, playing an important role in patient management and outcome analyses. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has recently been used to identify active cardiovascular lesions such as cardiac sarcoidosis, endocarditis, and aortitis. This may hold promise for the early and accurate diagnosis of such fatal diseases, as well as for patient management. This review covers new and clinical roles of cardiac PET in treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Topics: Coronary Circulation; Heart; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32915386
DOI: 10.1007/s12149-020-01519-x -
Nuclear Medicine and Biology Jan 2021Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive... (Review)
Review
Positron-emission-tomography (PET) has become an indispensable diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Its outstanding molecular imaging features allow repetitive studies on one individual and with high sensitivity, though no interference. Rather few positron-emitters with near favourable physical properties, i.e. carbon-11 and fluorine-18, furnished most studies in the beginning, preferably if covalently bound as isotopic label of small molecules. With the advancement of PET-devices the scope of in vivo research in life sciences and especially that of medical applications expanded, and other than "standard" PET-nuclides received increasing significance, like the radiometals copper-64 and gallium-68. Especially during the last decades, positron-emitters of other chemical elements have gotten into the focus of interest, concomitant with the technical advancements in imaging and radionuclide production. With known nuclear imaging properties and main production methods of emerging positron-emitters their usefulness for medical application is promising and even proven for several ones already. Unfortunate decay properties could be corrected for, and β-emitters, especially with a longer half-life, provided new possibilities for application where slower processes are of importance. Further on, (bio)chemical features of positron-emitters of other elements, among there many metals, not only expanded the field of classical clinical investigations, but also opened up new fields of application. Appropriately labelled peptides, proteins and nanoparticles lend itself as newer probes for PET-imaging, e.g. in theragnostic or PET/MR hybrid imaging. Furthermore, the potential of non-destructive in-vivo imaging with positron-emission-tomography directs the view on further areas of life sciences. Thus, exploiting the excellent methodology for basic research on molecular biochemical functions and processes is increasingly encouraged as well in areas outside of health, such as plant and environmental sciences.
Topics: Animals; Fluorine Radioisotopes; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 32900582
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2020.07.003 -
European Journal of Radiology Oct 2015Even with the recent advance in diagnostic tools and techniques, solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) remains a major clinical challenge for all doctors involved in their... (Review)
Review
Even with the recent advance in diagnostic tools and techniques, solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs) remains a major clinical challenge for all doctors involved in their study. There are a wide range of diagnoses of benign and malignant lesions that can manifest as SPNs. Positron emission tomography (PET) or positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) makes a great contribution to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SPNs due to the high sensitivity of pathological accumulation of (18)F-FDG. Owing to integrates the anatomical morphological and metabolic aspects in a single examination, high sensitivity and the ability to perform whole-body scans, combined PET/CT improving overall diagnosis accuracy.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26094866
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.06.008 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Jan 2015Time-of-flight (TOF) PET was initially introduced in the early days of PET. The TOF PET scanners developed in the 1980s had limited sensitivity and spatial resolution,... (Review)
Review
Time-of-flight (TOF) PET was initially introduced in the early days of PET. The TOF PET scanners developed in the 1980s had limited sensitivity and spatial resolution, were operated in 2-dimensional mode with septa, and used analytic image reconstruction methods. The current generation of TOF PET scanners has the highest sensitivity and spatial resolution ever achieved in commercial whole-body PET, is operated in fully-3-dimensional mode, and uses iterative reconstruction with full system modeling. Previously, it was shown that TOF provides a gain in image signal-to-noise ratio that is proportional to the square root of the object size divided by the system timing resolution. With oncologic studies being the primary application of PET, more recent work has shown that in modern TOF PET scanners there is an improved tradeoff between lesion contrast, image noise, and total imaging time, leading to a combination of improved lesion detectability, reduced scan time or injected dose, and more accurate and precise lesion uptake measurement. Because the benefit of TOF PET is also higher for heavier patients, clinical performance is more uniform over all patient sizes.
Topics: Biological Transport; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors
PubMed: 25525181
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.145029 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Sep 2022This paper reviews recent applications of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Recent advances in Deep Learning (DL) and... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This paper reviews recent applications of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging. Recent advances in Deep Learning (DL) and GANs catalysed the research of their applications in medical imaging modalities. As a result, several unique GAN topologies have emerged and been assessed in an experimental environment over the last two years.
METHODS
The present work extensively describes GAN architectures and their applications in PET imaging. The identification of relevant publications was performed via approved publication indexing websites and repositories. Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were the major sources of information.
RESULTS
The research identified a hundred articles that address PET imaging applications such as attenuation correction, de-noising, scatter correction, removal of artefacts, image fusion, high-dose image estimation, super-resolution, segmentation, and cross-modality synthesis. These applications are presented and accompanied by the corresponding research works.
CONCLUSION
GANs are rapidly employed in PET imaging tasks. However, specific limitations must be eliminated to reach their full potential and gain the medical community's trust in everyday clinical practice.
Topics: Artifacts; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 35451611
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05805-w