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Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Apr 2024
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 38460726
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.101844 -
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine... Mar 2017During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made to expand the knowledge of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, clinical translation of this research,... (Review)
Review
During the past decades, extensive efforts have been made to expand the knowledge of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, clinical translation of this research, in terms of earlier diagnosis and improved therapy, remains challenging. Since more than 30% of motor neurons are lost when symptoms become clinically apparent, techniques allowing non-invasive, in vivo detection of motor neuron degeneration are needed in the early, pre-symptomatic disease stage. Furthermore, it has become apparent that non-motor signs play an important role in the disease and there is an overlap with cognitive disorders, such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Radionuclide imaging, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), form an attractive approach to quantitatively monitor the ongoing neurodegenerative processes. Although [F]-FDG has been recently proposed as a potential biomarker for ALS, active targeting of the underlying pathologic molecular processes is likely to unravel further valuable disease information and may help to decipher the pathogenesis of ALS. In this review, we provide an overview of radiotracers that have already been applied in ALS and discuss possible novel targets for in vivo imaging of various pathogenic processes underlying ALS onset and progression.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 27933416
DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3587-y -
Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna,... Mar 2019The dementia spectrum encompasses a range of disorders with complex diagnosis, pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging... (Review)
Review
The dementia spectrum encompasses a range of disorders with complex diagnosis, pathophysiology and limited treatment options. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging provides insights into specific neurodegenerative processes underlying dementia disorders in vivo. Here we focus on some of the most common dementias: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism dementias including Parkinson's disease with dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome, and frontotemporal lobe degeneration. PET tracers have been developed to target specific proteinopathies (amyloid, tau and α-synuclein), glucose metabolism, cholinergic system and neuroinflammation. Studies have shown distinct imaging abnormalities can be detected early, in some cases prior to symptom onset, allowing disease progression to be monitored and providing the potential to predict symptom onset. Furthermore, advances in PET imaging have identified potential therapeutic targets and novel methods to accurately discriminate between different types of dementias in vivo. There are promising imaging markers with a clinical application on the horizon, however, further studies are required before they can be implantation into clinical practice.
Topics: Dementia; Humans; Neuroimaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 30762136
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-01975-4 -
PET Clinics Jan 2020Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced functional imaging modality in oncology care for the diagnosis, staging, prognostication, and surveillance of numerous... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an advanced functional imaging modality in oncology care for the diagnosis, staging, prognostication, and surveillance of numerous malignancies. PET can also offer considerable advantages for target volume delineation as part of radiation treatment planning. In this review, data and clinical practice from 6 general oncology disease sites are assessed to descriptively evaluate the role of PET in target volume delineation. Also highlighted are several specific and practical utilities for PET imaging in radiation treatment planning. Publication of several ongoing prospective trials in the future may further expand the utility of PET for target delineation and patient care.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fiducial Markers; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 31735301
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2019.08.002 -
PET Clinics Oct 2020PET/computed tomography scans and PET/MR imaging have been applied in imaging tumors of the musculoskeletal system for their ability to provide information about... (Review)
Review
PET/computed tomography scans and PET/MR imaging have been applied in imaging tumors of the musculoskeletal system for their ability to provide information about metabolic activity. However, applications of these imaging modalities are now being extended to nononcologic musculoskeletal pathologies, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoporosis. This article aims to explore the alternative uses of these imaging modalities in oncologic and nononcologic musculoskeletal pathologies. It also discusses the various strengths and some weaknesses that are seen in particular situations.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Musculoskeletal System; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 32888549
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2020.06.005 -
Radiologia 2016Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that has grown greatly in recent years. PET is considered a fundamental tool in oncology, and it also has...
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an imaging technique that has grown greatly in recent years. PET is considered a fundamental tool in oncology, and it also has indications in other fields such as neurology and cardiology. Although F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) is the radiopharmaceutical most widely used in PET, the availability of new radiotracers has been a key element in the expansion of the use of PET. These new radiopharmaceuticals have made it possible to study different biological targets that are essential for obtaining greater knowledge and better characterization of different diseases and have thus contributed to the research and development of different therapeutic agents. This article provides a description of different PET radiopharmaceutical, structured according to their areas of application. Some of these radiotracers are already commercially available, whereas others are still under research or pending approval by regulatory bodies.
Topics: Forecasting; Heart Diseases; Humans; Neoplasms; Nervous System Diseases; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 27592111
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2016.07.003 -
Journal of Computer Assisted TomographyIncidental gallbladder lesions are common in imaging studies, although it is not always easy to discriminate benign lesions from gallbladder cancer with conventional...
OBJECTIVE
Incidental gallbladder lesions are common in imaging studies, although it is not always easy to discriminate benign lesions from gallbladder cancer with conventional imaging procedures. The present study aims to assess the capacity of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[ 18 F]FDG to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, compared with conventional imaging techniques (contrast-enhanced CT or magnetic resonance imaging).
METHODS
Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging studies of 53 patients with gallbladder lesions were evaluated and visually classified as benign, malignant, or inconclusive. Agreement between PET/CT and conventional imaging was determined, and imaging findings were correlated with histology or follow-up. Positron emission tomography/CT images were also analyzed semiquantitatively (SUV max and maximum tumor-to-liver ratio [TLR max ]). The presence of adenopathies and distant metastases was assessed and compared between both imaging procedures.
RESULTS
According to histology or follow-up, 33 patients (62%) had a malignant process and 20 (38%) had benign lesions. Positron emission tomography/CT and conventional imaging showed a moderate agreement ( κ = 0.59). Conventional imaging classified more studies as inconclusive compared with PET/CT (17.0% and 7.5%, respectively), although both procedures showed a similar accuracy. Malignant lesions had significantly higher SUV max and, especially, TLR max (0.89 and 2.38 [ P = 0.00028] for benign and malignant lesions, respectively). Positron emission tomography/CT identified more pathologic adenopathies and distant metastases, and patients with regional or distant spread had higher SUV max and TLR max in the gallbladder.
CONCLUSIONS
Positron emission tomography/CT is accurate to distinguish between benign and malignant pathology of the gallbladder, with a similar performance to conventional imaging procedures but with less inconclusive results. Malignant lesions present higher SUV max and TLR max values.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Gallbladder; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37184994
DOI: 10.1097/RCT.0000000000001431 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Sep 2022
Topics: Animals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Immunoglobulin G; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Swine
PubMed: 35862028
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.122.014314 -
Science Translational Medicine Mar 2017The first total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanner represents a radical change for experimental medicine and diagnostic health care. (Review)
Review
The first total-body positron emission tomography (TB-PET) scanner represents a radical change for experimental medicine and diagnostic health care.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Whole Body Imaging
PubMed: 28298419
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf6169 -
Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering 2015Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is based on detecting two time-coincident high-energy photons from the emission of a positron-emitting radioisotope. The... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is based on detecting two time-coincident high-energy photons from the emission of a positron-emitting radioisotope. The physics of the emission, and the detection of the coincident photons, give PET imaging unique capabilities for both very high sensitivity and accurate estimation of the in vivo concentration of the radiotracer. PET imaging has been widely adopted as an important clinical modality for oncological, cardiovascular, and neurological applications. PET imaging has also become an important tool in preclinical studies, particularly for investigating murine models of disease and other small-animal models. However, there are several challenges to using PET imaging systems. These include the fundamental trade-offs between resolution and noise, the quantitative accuracy of the measurements, and integration with X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. In this article, we review how researchers and industry are addressing these challenges.
Topics: Algorithms; Animals; Biomedical Engineering; Biophysical Phenomena; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Scattering, Radiation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 26643024
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071114-040723