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Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and... May 2016Noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow provides critical information to understand normal brain physiology as well as to identify and manage patients with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Noninvasive imaging of cerebral blood flow provides critical information to understand normal brain physiology as well as to identify and manage patients with neurological disorders. To date, the reference standard for cerebral blood flow measurements is considered to be positron emission tomography using injection of the [(15)O]-water radiotracer. Although [(15)O]-water has been used to study brain perfusion under normal and pathological conditions, it is not widely used in clinical settings due to the need for an on-site cyclotron, the invasive nature of arterial blood sampling, and experimental complexity. As an alternative, arterial spin labeling is a promising magnetic resonance imaging technique that magnetically labels arterial blood as it flows into the brain to map cerebral blood flow. As arterial spin labeling becomes more widely adopted in research and clinical settings, efforts have sought to standardize the method and validate its cerebral blood flow values against positron emission tomography-based cerebral blood flow measurements. The purpose of this work is to critically review studies that performed both [(15)O]-water positron emission tomography and arterial spin labeling to measure brain perfusion, with the aim of better understanding the accuracy and reproducibility of arterial spin labeling relative to the positron emission tomography reference standard.
Topics: Arteries; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Oxygen Radioisotopes; Positron-Emission Tomography; Spin Labels; Water
PubMed: 26945019
DOI: 10.1177/0271678X16636393 -
Journal of Neurochemistry Feb 2023Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular...
Molecular imaging techniques have become important tools to characterize and measure biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Nowadays, molecular imaging techniques are widely used in preclinical and clinical studies to assess the molecular dynamics under physiological conditions and during pathological processes. This special issue on Brain Imaging (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/toc/10.1111/[ISSN]1471-4159.brain-imaging) will highlight some of the recent advances in developing new tools and applying molecular imaging techniques to understand biomarker dynamics in health and diseases.
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Brain; Biomarkers; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 36382604
DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15705 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2018The goals of this article are to discuss the role of breast-specific PET imaging of women with breast cancer, compare the clinical performance of positron emission... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
The goals of this article are to discuss the role of breast-specific PET imaging of women with breast cancer, compare the clinical performance of positron emission mammography (PEM) and MR imaging for current indications, and provide recommendations for when women should undergo PEM instead of breast MR imaging.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 29622131
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.12.006 -
Cancer Imaging : the Official... Apr 2023"Total-body" and ultra-extended field-of-view PET/CT scanners are now available commercially with great enthusiasm for their potential in both streamlining clinical... (Review)
Review
"Total-body" and ultra-extended field-of-view PET/CT scanners are now available commercially with great enthusiasm for their potential in both streamlining clinical practice and providing unique research opportunities. Accordingly, many groups are rushing to implement this technology. For early adopters, the challenges of these systems compared with more standard PET/CT systems have been significant. In this guide, aspects that need to be considered in planning installation of one of these scanners are discussed. These include financing, space, structural engineering, power supply, chilled water and environmental controls to manage heat loads, IT infrastructure and data storage, radiation safety and radiopharmaceutical procurement, staffing levels, patient handling logistics and imaging protocol redesign to leverage the superior sensitivity of these scanners, and marketing. It is a daunting but worthwhile endeavor in the author's opinion but needs a great team and the ability to bring in the appropriate expertise at the appropriate time.
Topics: Humans; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Whole Body Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals
PubMed: 37020313
DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00542-1 -
Annales D'endocrinologie Feb 2017Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) combines both functional and anatomic information and provides in vivo molecular information on biological... (Review)
Review
Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) combines both functional and anatomic information and provides in vivo molecular information on biological processes that can be useful at different steps of evolution of thyroid cancers. Fluorodeoxyglucose being highly trapped in rapidly dividing cells makes F-FDG-PET recommended in the staging, prognostic evaluation and follow-up of metastatic and/or of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas. F-FDG PET/CT can help in the localization of persistent/recurrent disease. However, its sensitivity depends widely on tumor burden and histology. Iodine 124 (I) is currently under evaluation for diagnosis and pretherapeutic dosimetry planning. PET/CT using F-FDOPA is the most sensitive radiopharmaceutical for localizing persistent/recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). However, its sensitivity depends on calcitonin levels, with a threshold value of around 150pg/mL. F-FDG PET/CT can also be used in MTC with short calcitonin or CEA doubling time.
Topics: Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Incidental Findings; Iodine Radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 27989550
DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2016.10.002 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Nov 2023To assess the value of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging the tarsus and proximal metatarsus and compare it with CT and...
OBJECTIVE
To assess the value of 18F-sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) positron emission tomography (PET) for imaging the tarsus and proximal metatarsus and compare it with CT and lameness evaluation.
ANIMALS
25 horses with lameness localized to the tarsal and proximal metatarsal regions that underwent 18F-NaF PET/CT between 2016 and 2021.
METHODS
18F-NaF PET and CT images were retrospectively independently evaluated by 3 observers. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were used to characterize 18F-NaF uptake. Correlation between PET and CT findings with subjective and objective maximum (Max-D) and minimum pelvic height lameness data was estimated.
RESULTS
The inter-observer Kappa-weighted value (κ) was higher for PET (κ = 0.66) than CT (κ = 0.6). CT and PET scores were fairly correlated (R = 0.49; P < 0.05). PET SUVratio (SUV of the main lesion/SUV talus) had the highest correlation with Max-D (R = 0.71; P < .05). PET and CT scores for the plantar region were significantly higher in Quarter Horses (P < .05) and showed consistently higher correlation with objective lameness data (CT plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.6; P < .05], PET plantar grade - Max-D [R = 0.47; P = .04]) than other regions of the distal tarsal joints. Three Warmbloods presented marked uptake at the medial cochlea of the distal tibia.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
PET had a moderate correlation with CT for assessment of tarsal lesions. The degree of PET uptake can help differentiate active versus inactive lesions. Specific location of the uptake is important in determining clinical relevance.
Topics: Animals; Horses; Sodium Fluoride; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Lameness, Animal; Retrospective Studies; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 37562781
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.03.0164 -
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of... May 2017
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Multimodal Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 28390538
DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.02.001 -
Der Urologe. Ausg. A Jul 2015The use of positron emission tomography (PET) is an established method for the diagnosis of urological malignancies. Several tracers are currently available to obtain...
The use of positron emission tomography (PET) is an established method for the diagnosis of urological malignancies. Several tracers are currently available to obtain metabolic information or directly detect molecular targets. While (18)F-FDG-PET is recognized in current guidelines for the staging of seminoma, PET is not used in clinical routine in renal malignancies due to the lack of specific tracers. Despite initial promising results in bladder cancer, no relevant additional diagnostic value with PET using (18)F-FDG or choline-based tracers could be obtained in most patients and therefore should be used with caution or only within clinical trials. In prostate cancer, however, after development of new tracers that, for example, target prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a paradigm shift in imaging can be recognized. Here, (68)Ga-PSMA-PET might be included in the future as part of standard imaging work-up.
Topics: Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; Humans; Image Enhancement; Medical Oncology; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Urologic Neoplasms; Urology
PubMed: 26109122
DOI: 10.1007/s00120-015-3868-2 -
Journal of Nuclear Cardiology :... Jun 2022
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33386540
DOI: 10.1007/s12350-020-02460-2 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2023PET/CT imaging plays an increasing role in radiotherapy treatment planning. The aim of this article was to identify the major use cases and technical as well as medical... (Review)
Review
PET/CT imaging plays an increasing role in radiotherapy treatment planning. The aim of this article was to identify the major use cases and technical as well as medical physics challenges during integration of these data into treatment planning. Dedicated aspects, such as (i) PET/CT-based radiotherapy simulation, (ii) PET-based target volume delineation, (iii) functional avoidance to optimized organ-at-risk sparing and (iv) functionally adapted individualized radiotherapy are discussed in this article. Furthermore, medical physics aspects to be taken into account are summarized and presented in form of check-lists.
Topics: Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Positron-Emission Tomography; Physics
PubMed: 36272949
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.09.001