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Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice May 2017Postprandial hyperglycemia plays a decisive role in the development of chronic metabolic disorders. The effect of vinegar intake with a meal on postprandial glucose has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Postprandial hyperglycemia plays a decisive role in the development of chronic metabolic disorders. The effect of vinegar intake with a meal on postprandial glucose has been studied in several trials with conflicting results.
RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES
The purpose of the current study was to systematically review control trials that report on the effect of vinegar intake on postprandial glucose response. Postprandial insulin response was considered as secondary outcome.
RESULTS
The pooled analysis of studies revealed a significant mean glucose and insulin area under the curve (AUC) reduction in participants who consumed vinegar compared with the control group (standard mean difference=-0.60, 95%CI -1.08 to -0.11, p=0.01 and -1.30, 95%CI -1.98 to -0.62, p<0.001, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings suggest that vinegar can be effective in reducing postprandial glucose and insulin levels, indicating it could be considered as an adjunctive tool for improving glycemic control.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Insulin; Male; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 28292654
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.01.021 -
Nutrients Feb 2020There is no question that elevated postprandial glycemia is a significant driver of common chronic diseases globally [...].
There is no question that elevated postprandial glycemia is a significant driver of common chronic diseases globally [...].
Topics: Diet, Healthy; Dietary Carbohydrates; Glycemic Index; Humans; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 32093020
DOI: 10.3390/nu12020536 -
Nutrients Apr 2020Food ingestion induces a metered response of the digestive system. Initially, the upper digestive system reacts to process and extract meal substrates. Later, meal... (Review)
Review
Food ingestion induces a metered response of the digestive system. Initially, the upper digestive system reacts to process and extract meal substrates. Later, meal residues not absorbed in the small bowel, pass into the colon and activate the metabolism of resident microbiota. Food consumption also induces sensations that arise before ingestion (e.g., anticipatory reward), during ingestion (e.g., gustation), and most importantly, after the meal (i.e., the postprandial experience). The postprandial experience involves homeostatic sensations (satiety, fullness) with a hedonic dimension (digestive well-being, mood). The factors that determine the postprandial experience are poorly understood, despite their potential role in personalized diets and healthy eating habits. Current data suggest that the characteristics of the meal (amount, palatability, composition), the activity of the digestive system (suited processing), and the receptivity of the eater (influenced by multiple conditioning factors) may be important in this context.
Topics: Affect; Digestion; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Postprandial Period; Satiation; Satiety Response
PubMed: 32252402
DOI: 10.3390/nu12040986 -
Nature Metabolism Apr 2021Understanding how to modulate appetite in humans is key to developing successful weight loss interventions. Here, we showed that postprandial glucose dips 2-3 h after...
Understanding how to modulate appetite in humans is key to developing successful weight loss interventions. Here, we showed that postprandial glucose dips 2-3 h after a meal are a better predictor of postprandial self-reported hunger and subsequent energy intake than peak glucose at 0-2 h and glucose incremental area under the blood glucose curve at 0-2 h. We explore the links among postprandial glucose, appetite and subsequent energy intake in 1,070 participants from a UK exploratory and US validation cohort, who consumed 8,624 standardized meals followed by 71,715 ad libitum meals, using continuous glucose monitors to record postprandial glycaemia. For participants eating each of the standardized meals, the average postprandial glucose dip at 2-3 h relative to baseline level predicted an increase in hunger at 2-3 h (r = 0.16, P < 0.001), shorter time until next meal (r = -0.14, P < 0.001), greater energy intake at 3-4 h (r = 0.19, P < 0.001) and greater energy intake at 24 h (r = 0.27, P < 0.001). Results were directionally consistent in the US validation cohort. These data provide a quantitative assessment of the relevance of postprandial glycaemia in appetite and energy intake modulation.
Topics: Adult; Appetite; Blood Glucose; Cohort Studies; Diet; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Hunger; Male; Postprandial Period; Predictive Value of Tests; Satiation; Young Adult
PubMed: 33846643
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00383-x -
Diabetologia Feb 2022Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether...
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS
Sleep, diet and exercise are fundamental to metabolic homeostasis. In this secondary analysis of a repeated measures, nutritional intervention study, we tested whether an individual's sleep quality, duration and timing impact glycaemic response to a breakfast meal the following morning.
METHODS
Healthy adults' data (N = 953 [41% twins]) were analysed from the PREDICT dietary intervention trial. Participants consumed isoenergetic standardised meals over 2 weeks in the clinic and at home. Actigraphy was used to assess sleep variables (duration, efficiency, timing) and continuous glucose monitors were used to measure glycaemic variation (>8000 meals).
RESULTS
Sleep variables were significantly associated with postprandial glycaemic control (2 h incremental AUC), at both between- and within-person levels. Sleep period time interacted with meal type, with a smaller effect of poor sleep on postprandial blood glucose levels when high-carbohydrate (low fat/protein) (p = 0.02) and high-fat (p = 0.03) breakfasts were consumed compared with a reference 75 g OGTT. Within-person sleep period time had a similar interaction (high carbohydrate: p = 0.001, high fat: p = 0.02). Within- and between-person sleep efficiency were significantly associated with lower postprandial blood glucose levels irrespective of meal type (both p < 0.03). Later sleep midpoint (time deviation from midnight) was found to be significantly associated with higher postprandial glucose, in both between-person and within-person comparisons (p = 0.035 and p = 0.051, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION
Poor sleep efficiency and later bedtime routines are associated with more pronounced postprandial glycaemic responses to breakfast the following morning. A person's deviation from their usual sleep pattern was also associated with poorer postprandial glycaemic control. These findings underscore sleep as a modifiable, non-pharmacological therapeutic target for the optimal regulation of human metabolic health. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03479866.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Breakfast; Diet; Female; Glycemic Control; Glycemic Index; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Postprandial Period; Sleep Deprivation; Young Adult
PubMed: 34845532
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05608-y -
Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental Sep 2023Continuous glucose monitoring has become a common adjunct in the management of Diabetes Mellitus. However, there has been a recent trend among individuals without... (Review)
Review
Continuous glucose monitoring has become a common adjunct in the management of Diabetes Mellitus. However, there has been a recent trend among individuals without diabetes using these devices as a means of monitoring their health. The increased visibility of glucose data has allowed users to study the effect lifestyle has upon post-prandial glucose levels. Although post-prandial hyperglycemia is well understood in the setting of diabetes, its impact in individuals without diabetes is less well defined. This article reviews the factors which contribute to post-prandial hyperglycemia in individuals without diabetes and how the data obtained from continuous glucose monitoring can be used to improve an individual's metabolic health.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Postprandial Period; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
PubMed: 37356796
DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155640 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Feb 2018Disordered postprandial metabolism of energy substrates is one of the main defining features of prediabetes and contributes to the development of several chronic... (Review)
Review
Disordered postprandial metabolism of energy substrates is one of the main defining features of prediabetes and contributes to the development of several chronic diseases associated with obesity, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Postprandial energy metabolism has been studied using classical isotopic tracer approaches that are limited by poor access to splanchnic metabolism and highly dynamic and complex exchanges of energy substrates involving multiple organs and systems. Advances in noninvasive molecular imaging modalities, such as PET and MRI/magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), have recently allowed important advances in our understanding of postprandial energy metabolism in humans. The present review describes some of these recent advances, with particular focus on glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the postprandial state, and discusses current gaps in knowledge and new perspectives of application of PET and MRI/MRS for the investigation and treatment of human metabolic diseases.
Topics: Fatty Acids; Glucose; Humans; Metabolism; Molecular Imaging; Postprandial Period
PubMed: 28495844
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00212.2017 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Oct 2022
Review
Topics: Bread; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Postprandial Period; Triticum
PubMed: 36253684
DOI: 10.1007/s15006-022-2002-9 -
Advances in Food and Nutrition Research 2015The elderly are an increasing segment of the population. Despite the rapid gains in medical knowledge and treatments, older adults are more likely to experience chronic... (Review)
Review
The elderly are an increasing segment of the population. Despite the rapid gains in medical knowledge and treatments, older adults are more likely to experience chronic illnesses that decrease quality of life and accelerate mortality. Nutrition is a key modifiable lifestyle factor which greatly impacts chronic disease risk. Yet despite the importance of nutrition, relatively little is known of the impact of advancing age on the gastrointestinal function, the digestive responses, and the post-meal metabolic adaptations that occur in response to ingested food. Knowledge of the age-related differences in digestion and metabolism in the elderly is essential to the development of appropriate nutritional recommendations for the maintenance of optimal health and prevention of disease.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Chronic Disease; Digestion; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Postprandial Period; Quality of Life
PubMed: 26602572
DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2015.09.001 -
The Journal of Experimental Biology Aug 2023Transient thermophily in ectothermic animals is a common response during substantial physiological events. For example, ectotherms often elevate body temperature after...
Transient thermophily in ectothermic animals is a common response during substantial physiological events. For example, ectotherms often elevate body temperature after ingesting a meal. In particular, the increase in metabolism during the postprandial response of pythons - known as specific dynamic action - is supported by a concurrent increase in preferred temperature. The objective of this study was to determine whether hydration state influences digestion-related behavioral thermophily. Sixteen (8 male and 8 female) Children's pythons (Antaresia childreni) with surgically implanted temperature data loggers were housed individually and provided with a thermal gradient of 25-45°C. Body temperature was recorded hourly beginning 6 days prior to feeding and for 18 days post-feeding, thus covering pre-feeding, postprandial and post-absorptive stages. Each snake underwent this 24 day trial twice, once when hydrated and once when dehydrated. Our results revealed a significant interaction between temperature preference, digestive stage and hydration state. Under both hydrated and dehydrated conditions, snakes similarly increased their body temperature shortly after consuming a meal, but during the later days of the postprandial stage, snakes selected significantly lower (∼1.5°C) body temperature when they were dehydrated compared with when they were hydrated. Our results demonstrate a significant effect of hydration state on postprandial thermophily, but the impact of this dehydration-induced temperature reduction on digestive physiology (e.g. passage time, energy assimilation) is unknown and warrants further study.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Temperature; Boidae; Postprandial Period; Snakes
PubMed: 37455645
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245925