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Operative Dentistry Nov 2022The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of potassium iodide on dentin discoloration and ion penetration into the pulp chamber after application...
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of potassium iodide on dentin discoloration and ion penetration into the pulp chamber after application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF).
METHODS
Proximal surfaces of extracted one-rooted sound human teeth were polished to obtain flat dentin and treated with 17% EDTA for two minutes. Each tooth was then fixed to a test tube. The specimens were distributed into five groups according to the treatment: SDF (Advantage Arrest, Elevate Oral Care); SDF-KI (SSKI, Upsher-Smith); RV-SDF (Riva Star, SDI); and RV-SDFKI. The CIE L*a*b* color value for each proximal dentin was assessed using a colorimeter (CR200, Konica-Minolta) at baseline, after two minutes, 10 minutes, and 24 hours, and ΔE compared to baseline was calculated. Subsequently, the water-filled tube was inverted to collect the ions that had penetrated from the tooth surface into the pulp chamber. Silver, iodide, and fluoride in the pulp were measured using trace element analysis (ISMat) and fluoride ion-selective electrode (Orion, Thermo Scientific) at days 1, 2, 7, and 14.
RESULTS
Dentin in both SDF-KI groups showed no visual change in color whereas the groups using only SDF exhibited gradual staining. The time, the treatment and their interaction had a significant effect on ΔE (p<0.001). The fluoride concentrations at day 1 and day 14 for group SDF and KI were significantly lower compared to SDF (p=0.044). There was a difference between control groups and other groups in silver and iodine (p<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference among groups with treatment after 14 days (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION
The application of KI after SDF treatment could significantly reduce the dentin staining. The pulpal fluoride concentration in the groups using SDF-KI was lower compared to the ones using SDF only, whereas there was no difference observed in iodide and silver among the groups with treatment.
Topics: Humans; Potassium Iodide; Fluorides; Iodides; Dentin; Fluorides, Topical; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Dental Caries
PubMed: 36251544
DOI: 10.2341/20-287-L -
AACE Clinical Case Reports 2022Transient thyrotoxicosis has been documented in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. Thyroid storm in...
BACKGROUND
Transient thyrotoxicosis has been documented in the setting of hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. Thyroid storm in pregnancy is rarer and typically associated with autoimmune hyperthyroidism. We described thyroid storm in a primigravid 18-year-old patient due to hCG level elevation secondary to HG, which resolved in the second trimester of pregnancy.
CASE REPORT
Our patient presented with vomiting, hyperthyroidism, and cardiac and renal dysfunction at 16 weeks' gestation. She was clinically found to have a thyroid storm, with undetectable thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and a free thyroxine level of >6.99 ng/dL. The hCG level was elevated at 246 030 mIU/L (9040-56 451 mIU/L). She was treated with methimazole, saturated solution potassium iodide, and propranolol. Because thyroid autoantibodies were absent, thyroid ultrasound yielded normal results, and thyroid function testing results rapidly improved as the hCG level decreased, the medications were tapered and ultimately discontinued by day 10 of hospitalization. The thyroid function remained normal after discharge.
DISCUSSION
Because hCG and TSH have identical alfa subunits and similar beta subunits, hCG can bind to the TSH receptor and stimulate thyroxine production. The hCG level peaks at around 8-14 weeks of gestation, correlating with decreased TSH levels in this same time frame. This case emphasizes the relevant physiology and importance of timely and thorough evaluation to determine the appropriate management, prognosis, and follow-up for patients with thyroid storm in the setting of HG.
CONCLUSION
Although transient thyrotoxicosis is documented in patients with HG, thyroid storm is rare, and our case illustrates a severe example of these comorbidities.
PubMed: 35602873
DOI: 10.1016/j.aace.2021.12.005 -
Surgery Jan 2018
Topics: Graves Disease; Humans; Potassium Iodide; Propranolol
PubMed: 29108702
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2017.09.015 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Mar 2022Pythiosis in sheep is an important disease in Brazil, which could cause rhinitis, dermatitis and alimentary tract inflammation. It is caused by the aquatic oomycete,...
BACKGROUND
Pythiosis in sheep is an important disease in Brazil, which could cause rhinitis, dermatitis and alimentary tract inflammation. It is caused by the aquatic oomycete, Pythium insidiosum. The rhinofacial pythiosis causes facial deformity and upper respiratory tract clinical signs associated with necroproliferative masses occupying the rostral nasal cavity and hard palate. Little is known regarding the therapy, prophylaxis and pathogenesis of this disease.
METHODOLOGY
During the 6-year study, we examined 13 sheep presenting rhinofacial pythiosis. The diagnosis was performed through biopsy of the rhinofacial lesions followed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry using specific antibodies against P insidiosum, polymerase chain reaction and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS
This study presents the clinical findings of a potassium iodide treatment of rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep. All sheep were treated with 10 ml of 10% potassium iodide solution, administered orally every day during 63-120 (mean 85) days. Among treated sheep, 84.6% demonstrated complete recovery.
CONCLUSION
Potassium iodide therapy may treat rhinofacial pythiosis in sheep.
Topics: Animals; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Potassium Iodide; Pythiosis; Pythium; Rhinitis; Sheep
PubMed: 34902797
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101233 -
Problemy Radiatsiinoi Medytsyny Ta... Dec 2022Prerequisite. Since the advent of nuclear energy, industry and weapons, a possibility of radiation events i.e. incidents and accidents had emerged. Given the presence of... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Prerequisite. Since the advent of nuclear energy, industry and weapons, a possibility of radiation events i.e. incidents and accidents had emerged. Given the presence of radioactive iodine as part of environmental contamination, the response of authorities and medical services consists, in particular, in carrying out the emergency iodine prophylaxis among specialists and general population. And along with the fact that emergency iodine prophylaxis is a generally accepted measure in radiation events accompanied by the release of radioactive iodine, some methods of its implementation were and remain in certain sources and instructions/recommendations contradictory and even false. Such inconsistency increases the potential risks of health effects of radioactive iodine and exacerbates the sense of fear and uncertainty among the population involved in the incident.
OBJECTIVE
to consider and review the essence of emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events, physiological aspects of iodine metabolism in the body, properties of individual iodine prophylaxis agents that are recommended, and to justify the rationality of using some of them along with absurdity/inadmissibility of others; substantiate the creation of a unified preventive information strategy regarding the event in order to reduce anxiety and other negative psychological consequences among the affected population.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The review was performed by searching the abstract and scientometric databases and printed publications.
RESULTS
In the event of serious radiation events at nuclear power plants and industry facilities, radioactive iodine is highly likely to enter the environment. With the threat of radioactive iodine incorporation or with its incorporation that has already begun, it is absolutely necessary to carry out the emergency iodine prophylaxis. Such prevention should be carried out with stable iodine preparations such as potassium iodide or potassium iodate in special pharmaceutical formulas. Dosing of drugs in age and population groups should be carried out by specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety in accordance with internationally recognized guidelines. The use of iodinecontaining food additives, iodine solution for external use and Lugol's solution is categorically unacceptable due to complete ineffectiveness, impracticality of implementation, and sometimes due to the threat of serious harm to health.
CONCLUSIONS
Clear preparedness plans for possible radiation accidents and incidents, as well as successfullyimplemented appropriate preventive measures, including emergency iodine prophylaxis, are crucial for the effective and successful response to such events. Emergency iodine prophylaxis during radiation events should be carried out exclusively under the guidance of specialists in radiation medicine and radiation safety using special pharmaceutical formulas of potassium iodide or potassium iodate in doses recognized by the international scientific community. Other means of emergency iodine prophylaxis, including «handicraft»/home preparations, are absolutely unacceptable. Implementation of this protective measure should be accompanied by a coordinated information campaign in order to minimize purely radiation risks and to preserve the psychological well-being of the population.
Topics: Humans; Potassium Iodide; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Thyroid Neoplasms; Radioactive Hazard Release; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36582080
DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2022-27-25-59 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022() and () are prominent microbes associated with rapid and aggressive caries. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and...
() and () are prominent microbes associated with rapid and aggressive caries. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and mechanism of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and potassium iodide (KI). The dependence of KI concentration, TBO concentration and light dose on the antimicrobial effect of aPDT plus KI was determined. The cytotoxicity of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. A singlet oxygen (O) probe test, time-resolved O detection, and a O quencher experiment were performed to evaluate the role of O during aPDT plus KI. The generation of iodine and hydrogen peroxide (HO) were analyzed by an iodine starch test and Amplex red assay. The anti-biofilm effect of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was also evaluated by counting forming unit (CFU) assay. KI could potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT against and in planktonic and biofilm states, which was safe for human dental pulp cells. O measurement showed that KI could quench O signals, implicating that O may act as a principal mediator to oxidize excess iodide ions to form iodine and HO. KI could highly potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT in eradicating and due to the synergistic effect of molecular iodine and HO.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Iodides; Iodine; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Potassium Iodide; Singlet Oxygen; Starch; Streptococcus mutans; Tolonium Chloride
PubMed: 36232675
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911373 -
Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ :... Jan 2015The use of potassium iodide (KI) as a protective agent against accidental radioactive exposure is well established. In this study, we aimed to prepare a KI tablet...
The use of potassium iodide (KI) as a protective agent against accidental radioactive exposure is well established. In this study, we aimed to prepare a KI tablet formulation using a direct compression method. We utilized Design of Experiment (DoE)/mixture design to define the best formulation with predetermined physical qualities as to its dissolution, hardness, assay, disintegration, and angle of repose. Based on the results from the DoE, the formulation had the following components (%w/w): Avicel 48.70%, silicon dioxide 0.27%, stearic acid (1.00%), magnesium stearate 2.45%, and dicalcium phosphate 18.69%, in addition to potassium iodide 28.89% (130 mg/tablet). This formulation was scaled-up using two tablet presses, a single-punch press and a rotary mini tablet press. The final scaled-up formulation was subjected to a variety of quality control tests, including photo-stability testing. The results indicate that potassium iodide tablets prepared by a rotary mini tablet press had good pharmaceutical characteristics and a shelf-life of 25 days when stored at room temperature protected from light.
PubMed: 25685048
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2014.06.001 -
Contact Dermatitis Feb 2022
Topics: Contrast Media; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Drug Eruptions; Humans; Iodine Compounds; Neck
PubMed: 34657304
DOI: 10.1111/cod.13991 -
Endocrine Journal Aug 2022The effectiveness of potassium iodide (KI) (100 mg/day) was evaluated in 504 untreated patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). Initial response to KI within 180...
The effectiveness of potassium iodide (KI) (100 mg/day) was evaluated in 504 untreated patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism (GD). Initial response to KI within 180 days, the effect of additional methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI) or radioactive iodine (RI) in resistant or escaped patients, and long-term prognosis were evaluated. Serum fT levels became low or normal in 422 patients (83.7%, KI-sensitive group) without serious side effects. Among these patients, serum TSH levels became high (n = 92, hypothyroid) or normal (n = 78) in 170 patients (33.7%) (KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response, Group A), but remained suppressed in 252 patients (50.0%) (KI-sensitive with TSH suppression, Group B). Serum fT levels decreased but remained high in 82 patients (16.3%) (KI-resistant, Group C). Older patients, or those with small goiter and mild GD were more KI-sensitive with a recovered TSH response than others. Escape from KI effect occurred in 0%, 36% and 82% in Group A, B and C, respectively. Patients in Group B and C were successfully treated with additional low-dosage MMI or RI. After 2-23 years' treatment (n = 429), remission (including possible remission) and spontaneous hypothyroidism were significantly more frequent in Group A (74.3% and 11.1%, respectively,) than in Groups B (46.3% and 2.8%, respectively) or C (53.6% and 1.5%, respectively) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, a high KI sensitivity with a recovered TSH response was observed in about a third of the patients in GD associated with a better prognosis. Additional MMI or RI therapy was effective in escaped or KI-resistant patients with suppressed TSH level.
Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodides; Iodine Radioisotopes; Methimazole; Potassium Iodide; Thyroid Neoplasms; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 35321988
DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.EJ21-0436 -
Medical Mycology Aug 2019This study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in...
This study aimed to evaluate the yeast biofilm growth kinetics and ultrastructure of Sporothrix schenckii complex and assess their mature biofilm susceptibility in filamentous and yeast forms to potassium iodide (KI) and miltefosine (MIL). Yeast biofilms were evaluated by crystal violet staining, XTT reduction assay and microscopic techniques. Susceptibility of planktonic and sessile cells was analyzed by broth microdilution. S. schenckii complex in yeast form produced biofilms, with an optimum maturation at 96 h, showing multilayered blastoconidia embedded in extracellular matrix. KI and MIL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges against planktonic cells were 62,500-250,000 μg/ml and 0.125-4 μg/ml, respectively. KI and MIL reduced biofilm metabolic activity by 75.4% and 67.7% for filamentous form and 55.1% and 51.6% for yeast form, respectively. This study demonstrated that S. schenckii complex forms biofilms in vitro, and potassium iodide and miltefosine inhibit Sporothrix spp. biofilms in both filamentous and yeast forms.
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Biofilms; Fungi; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microbial Viability; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphorylcholine; Potassium Iodide; Sporothrix; Sporotrichosis
PubMed: 30462271
DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myy119