Did you mean: pressoreceptors
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Science (New York, N.Y.) Oct 2018Activation of stretch-sensitive baroreceptor neurons exerts acute control over heart rate and blood pressure. Although this homeostatic baroreflex has been described for...
Activation of stretch-sensitive baroreceptor neurons exerts acute control over heart rate and blood pressure. Although this homeostatic baroreflex has been described for more than 80 years, the molecular identity of baroreceptor mechanosensitivity remains unknown. We discovered that mechanically activated ion channels PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are together required for baroreception. Genetic ablation of both and in the nodose and petrosal sensory ganglia of mice abolished drug-induced baroreflex and aortic depressor nerve activity. Awake, behaving animals that lack had labile hypertension and increased blood pressure variability, consistent with phenotypes in baroreceptor-denervated animals and humans with baroreflex failure. Optogenetic activation of -positive sensory afferents was sufficient to initiate baroreflex in mice. These findings suggest that PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 are the long-sought baroreceptor mechanosensors critical for acute blood pressure control.
Topics: Animals; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Ion Channels; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Neurons; Nodose Ganglion; Optogenetics; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 30361375
DOI: 10.1126/science.aau6324 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Feb 2024The transmission of the heartbeat through the cerebral vascular system causes intracranial pressure pulsations. We discovered that arterial pressure pulsations can...
The transmission of the heartbeat through the cerebral vascular system causes intracranial pressure pulsations. We discovered that arterial pressure pulsations can directly modulate central neuronal activity. In a semi-intact rat brain preparation, vascular pressure pulsations elicited correlated local field oscillations in the olfactory bulb mitral cell layer. These oscillations did not require synaptic transmission but reflected baroreceptive transduction in mitral cells. This transduction was mediated by a fast excitatory mechanosensitive ion channel and modulated neuronal spiking activity. In awake animals, the heartbeat entrained the activity of a subset of olfactory bulb neurons within ~20 milliseconds. Thus, we propose that this fast, intrinsic interoceptive mechanism can modulate perception-for example, during arousal-within the olfactory bulb and possibly across various other brain areas.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Blood Pressure; Ion Channels; Neurons; Olfactory Bulb; Synaptic Transmission; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Pressoreceptors; Rats, Wistar; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Heart Rate; Pulse; Brain; Intracranial Pressure; Female
PubMed: 38301001
DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8511 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Jan 2022
Topics: Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 34878899
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18372 -
Neuropharmacology Jul 2015In this review we address primarily the role of ASICs in determining sensory signals from arterial baroreceptors, peripheral chemoreceptors, and cardiopulmonary and... (Review)
Review
In this review we address primarily the role of ASICs in determining sensory signals from arterial baroreceptors, peripheral chemoreceptors, and cardiopulmonary and somatic afferents. Alterations in these sensory signals during acute cardiovascular stresses result in changes in sympathetic and parasympathetic activities that restore cardiovascular homeostasis. In pathological states, however, chronic dysfunctions of these afferents result in serious sympatho-vagal imbalances with significant increases in mortality and morbidity. We identified a role for ASIC2 in the mechano-sensitivity of aortic baroreceptors and of ASIC3 in the pH sensitivity of carotid bodies. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, we reported decreased expression of ASIC2 in nodose ganglia neurons and overexpression of ASIC3 in carotid bodies. This reciprocal expression of ASIC2 and ASIC3 results in reciprocal changes in sensory sensitivity of baro- and chemoreceptors and a consequential synergistic exaggeration sympathetic nerve activity. A similar reciprocal sensory dysautonomia prevails in heart failure and increases the risk of mortality. There is also evidence that ASIC heteromers in skeletal muscle afferents contribute significantly to the exercise pressor reflex. In cardiac muscle afferents of the dorsal root ganglia, they contribute to nociception and to the detrimental sympathetic activation during ischemia. Finally, we report that an inhibitory influence of ASIC2-mediated baroreceptor activity suppresses the sympatho-excitatory reflexes of the chemoreceptors and skeletal muscle afferents, as well as the ASIC1a-mediated excitation of central neurons during fear, threat, or panic. The translational potential of activation of ASIC2 in cardiovascular disease states may be a beneficial sympatho-inhibition and parasympathetic activation. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in the Nervous System'.
Topics: Acid Sensing Ion Channels; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Chemoreceptor Cells; Homeostasis; Humans; Pressoreceptors
PubMed: 25592213
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.017 -
Current Hypertension Reports May 2018Most hypertension devices have been designed to interrupt or modify the sympathetic nervous system, which seems to be unbalanced in hypertension. Carotid baroreceptors... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Most hypertension devices have been designed to interrupt or modify the sympathetic nervous system, which seems to be unbalanced in hypertension. Carotid baroreceptors play a pivotal role in maintaining adrenergic balance via a direct feedback interface and would be an exceptional target for intervention. The purpose of this review is to define the role of the baroreceptor in hypertension, to examine device-based therapies targeting the baroreflex and to explore future promises of endovascular baroreflex amplification (EBA).
RECENT FINDINGS
In the last two decades, two therapeutic strategies targeting the carotid baroreceptor have evolved: baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) and EBA. Both therapies enhance baroreceptor activity, either directly by electrical stimulation or indirectly by changing the geometric shape of the carotid sinus and increasing pulsatile wall strain. By showing a significant, sympathetic inhibition-mediated effect on blood pressure, BAT has laid the foundation for baroreflex-targeting therapies for resistant hypertension. EBA is a less invasive therapy with promising first-in-man study results. Ongoing randomized sham-controlled trials are needed to better understand efficacy, durability, and long-term safety and define phenotypes that may most benefit from this treatment.
Topics: Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Carotid Sinus; Computer Simulation; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Pressoreceptors; Stents; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 29744599
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0840-8 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Mar 2017Despite improvements in hypertension awareness and treatment, 30%-60% of hypertensive patients do not achieve BP targets and subsequently remain at risk for target organ... (Review)
Review
Despite improvements in hypertension awareness and treatment, 30%-60% of hypertensive patients do not achieve BP targets and subsequently remain at risk for target organ damage. This therapeutic gap is particularly important to nephrologists, who frequently encounter treatment-resistant hypertension in patients with CKD. Data are limited on how best to treat patients with CKD and resistant hypertension, because patients with CKD have historically been excluded from hypertension treatment trials. First, we propose a consistent definition of resistant hypertension as BP levels confirmed by both in-office and out-of-office measurements that exceed appropriate targets while the patient is receiving treatment with at least three antihypertensive medications, including a diuretic, at dosages optimized to provide maximum benefit in the absence of intolerable side effects. Second, we recommend that each patient undergo a standardized, stepwise evaluation to assess adherence to dietary and lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications to identify and reduce barriers and discontinue use of substances that may exacerbate hypertension. Patients in whom there is high clinical suspicion should be evaluated for potential secondary causes of hypertension. Evidence-based management of resistant hypertension is discussed with special considerations of the differences in approach to patients with and without CKD, including the specific roles of diuretics and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and the current place of emerging therapies, such as renal denervation and baroreceptor stimulation. We endorse use of such a systematic approach to improve recognition and care for this vulnerable patient group that is at high risk for future kidney and cardiovascular events.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Coronary Vasospasm; Diet; Diuretics; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Life Style; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; Patient Compliance; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sympathectomy
PubMed: 27895136
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.06180616 -
Hipertension Y Riesgo Vascular 2017
Topics: Age Distribution; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Antihypertensive Agents; Arteries; Cohort Studies; Combined Modality Therapy; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Elasticity; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Compliance; Population Dynamics; Pressoreceptors; Sodium, Dietary; Vascular Resistance
PubMed: 28433228
DOI: 10.1016/j.hipert.2017.03.004 -
Current Hypertension Reports Aug 2016Drug-resistant hypertension (RH) remains a significant and common cardiovascular risk despite the availability of multiple potent antihypertensive medications.... (Review)
Review
Drug-resistant hypertension (RH) remains a significant and common cardiovascular risk despite the availability of multiple potent antihypertensive medications. Uncontrolled resistant hypertension contributes substantially to excessive cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that sympathetic nervous system over-activity is the main culprit for the development and maintenance of drug-resistant hypertension. Both medical and interventional strategies, targeting the sympathetic over-activation, have been designed in patients with hypertension over the past few decades. Minimally invasive, catheter-based, renal sympathetic denervation (RDN) and carotid baroreceptor activation therapy (BAT) have been extensively evaluated in patients with RH in clinical trials. Current trial outcomes, though at times impressive, have been mostly uncontrolled trials in need of validation. Device-based therapy for drug-resistant hypertension has the potential to provide alternative treatment options to certain groups of patients who are refractory or intolerant to current antihypertensive medications. However, more research is needed to prove its efficacy in both animal models and in humans. In this article, we will review the evidence from recent renal denervation, carotid baroreceptor stimulation therapy, and newly emerged central arteriovenous anastomosis trials to pinpoint the weak links, and speculate on potential alternative approaches.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Body; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Resistance; Electric Stimulation Therapy; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Pressoreceptors; Risk Factors; Sympathectomy
PubMed: 27402013
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-016-0671-4 -
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &... Dec 2015Appropriate cardiovascular and hemodynamic adjustments are necessary to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle during exercise. Alterations in the... (Review)
Review
Appropriate cardiovascular and hemodynamic adjustments are necessary to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle during exercise. Alterations in the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system are fundamental in ensuring these adjustments are adequately made. Several neural mechanisms are responsible for the changes in autonomic activity with exercise and through complex interactions, contribute to the cardiovascular and hemodynamic changes in an intensity-dependent manner. This short review is from a presentation made at the Saltin Symposium June 2-4, 2015 in Copenhagen, Denmark. As such, the focus will be on reflex control of the circulation with an emphasis on the work of the late Dr. Bengt Saltin. Moreover, a concerted effort is made to highlight the novel and insightful concepts put forth by Dr. Saltin in his last published review article on the regulation of skeletal muscle blood flow in humans. Thus, the multiple roles played by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) including its ability to induce vasodilatation, override sympathetic vasoconstriction and stimulate skeletal muscle afferents (exercise pressor reflex) are discussed and a conceptual framework is set suggesting a major role of ATP in blood flow regulation during exercise.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Afferent Pathways; Baroreflex; Brain; Exercise; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Pressoreceptors; Regional Blood Flow; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation
PubMed: 26589120
DOI: 10.1111/sms.12600 -
Current Cardiology Reports Sep 2019Sympathetic overactivity plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The purpose of this review is to illustrate localization of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Sympathetic overactivity plays an important role in the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The purpose of this review is to illustrate localization of pulmonary arterial sympathetic nerves, the key steps of pulmonary artery denervation (PADN) procedure, and to highlight clinical outcomes.
RECENT FINDINGS
Sympathetic nerves mostly occurred in the posterior region of the bifurcation and pulmonary trunk. Emerging preclinical data provided the potential of PADN for PAH. PADN, produced at bifurcation area, improved a profound reduction of pulmonary arterial pressure and ameliorated clinical outcomes with an exclusive ablation catheter. The application of PADN in the patients of PAH or combined pre-capillary and post-capillary PH (CpcPH) improved the hemodynamic parameters and increased 6MWD. Sympathetic overactivity aggravates PAH. PADN is a promising interventional treatment for PAH and CpcPH. Additional clinical trials are warranted to confirm the efficacy of PADN.
Topics: Denervation; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pressoreceptors; Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension; Pulmonary Artery; Sympathectomy; Sympathetic Nervous System; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31486924
DOI: 10.1007/s11886-019-1203-z