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Journal of Oral Biology and... 2022Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and...
BACKGROUND
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important systemic disease, predisposing patients to inflammatory conditions including periodontitis and peri-implantitis and negatively affects dental implant success through various mechanisms. This study aimed to compare clinical and microbiological findings of individuals with dental implants with or without T2DM.
METHODS
A total of 82 dental implants which were in function >3 years, were involved. The participants were divided into 2 groups; T2DM (n: 45 implants) and systemically healthy controls (n:37 implants). Periodontal indexes (Bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD), and radiographic bone loss were recorded around implants in function >3 years. Subgingival microbiological samples were also collected from the peri-implant sites. Pathogens include , , , , , , , , , were evaluated.
RESULTS
Peri-implant heatlh was determined in systemically healthy (54.1%) and type 2 diabetes patients (24.4%). Peri-implantitis was also evident in systemically healthy (8.1%) and T2DM (35.6%) groups. No differences was found in shallow peri-implant pockets in both groups in terms of the prevelance of all evaluated bacteria (p > 0.05). However, , , and were isolated more frequently in deep peri-implant pockets in systemically healthy patients compared to T2DM patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Evaluted periodontal pathogens may not be affected by the presence of T2DM in implants. T2DM may not significantly alter the levels of specific periodontal pathogens in shallow and deep peri-implant pockets. , and may be affected by T2DM in implants in deep pockets.
PubMed: 35646552
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.05.007 -
BMC Research Notes Jun 2019The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens,...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the present study is to compare and assess the risk of periodontitis due to the presence of four putative periodontopathic bacteria viz., Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens. To fulfil the above objective, polymerase Chain reaction using the primers targeting 16S rRNA gene of the bacterial species was performed with the subgingival plaque collected from the permanent first molars of type 1 diabetic children and age matched healthy children.
RESULTS
The prevalence of periodontal pathogens in diabetic and healthy children was 6% and 16% for E. corrodens, 18% and 36% for C. rectus, 2% and 2% for P. intermedia, 4% and 0%, for P. nigrescens respectively. Statistically, significant difference was not observed for the prevalence of all the four periodontal pathogens between type 1 diabetic and healthy children (P = 1.00). The results of the present study thus reveal a negative correlation of type I diabetes to periodontitis in association to Eikenella corrodens, Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens.
Topics: Adolescent; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Campylobacter rectus; Case-Control Studies; Child; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Humans; Male; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31182149
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4364-3 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2015Herpesviral-bacterial synergism may play a potential role in periodontitis and peri-implantitis (PI) etiopathogenesis. PI lesions can worsen depending on specific...
OBJECTIVES
Herpesviral-bacterial synergism may play a potential role in periodontitis and peri-implantitis (PI) etiopathogenesis. PI lesions can worsen depending on specific microbial challenge and host susceptibility. This cross-sectional split-mouth study aimed to substantiate herpesviral-bacterial co-infection in PI patients and assess associations with periodontopathogen salivary contamination.
METHODS
PCR-based identification was performed on 23 patients presenting PI and contralateral healthy implants, and compared to unstimulated whole saliva. Clinical evaluation included probing depths, bleeding on probing, and suppuration. Radiographs were assessed for the presence of lamina dura and bone loss. Three sample sites per patient were tested: PI lesions, healthy implant sulci, and saliva. Quantitative PCR evaluated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) copy counts. Significance of group comparisons for binary-dependent variables, within-subjects designs, was determined by McNemar's chi-square test. Risk analysis was evaluated through odds ratios (OR).
RESULTS
PI lesions were 14.2 (P = 0.001; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.6-124.1) and 3 times (P = 0.03; 95 % CI, 0.7-11.9) more likely to harbor EBV than healthy implants and saliva, respectively. EBV positive predictive value was 90 %. PI was associated with absence of lamina dura and higher periodontopathogen proportions. Saliva sampling showed high agreement with PI bacterial detection (89-100 % rate) but not with EBV (44.4 %). The OR of PI lesions harboring Treponema denticola or Tannerella forsythia was 6.79 (P = 0.007; 95 % CI, 1.8-25.0) and 3.3 (P < 0.0001; 95 % CI, 0.3-34.3) times higher than healthy implants, respectively. Saliva of patients with PI was 5.6 times more likely to be contaminated with Prevotella nigrescens than healthy peri-implant sulci (P = 0.002). PI lesions were 1.92 times more likely to harbor Prevotella nigrescens than healthy implants (P = 0.04).
CONCLUSIONS
EBV is a potential candidate in peri-implantitis etiopathogenesis. Saliva PCR analysis is useful in predicting peri-implantitis-specific bacterial infection but not EBV or CMV.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Herpesviral-bacterial synergism may favor ongoing microbial challenge in peri-implant disease and exacerbate its progression. EBV infection may explain non-responsive to treatment PI. Peri-implantitis individuals may benefit from antiviral therapy.
Topics: Electrophoresis, Agar Gel; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 24802631
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1250-1 -
Antibacterial activity of Brazilian red propolis and in vitro evaluation of free radical production.Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2022This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of crude Brazilian red propolis (BRP) extract against anaerobic bacteria involved in primary endodontic infection. Additionally, we evaluate the cell viability and free radical production of human dental pulp fibroblasts (HDPF) in direct contact with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and BRP.
DESIGN
The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MIC, MBC) and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB) of BRP against anaerobic endodontic pathogens were determined. HDPF were exposed to BRP10 (10 μg/mL), BRP50 (50 μg/mL), MTA extract (1:1, 1:2, 1:4 e 1:8), dimethyl sulfoxide 0.5% (DMSO), and cell culture medium (DMEM). The groups were tested for cell viability (MTT assay), and free radical production (reactive oxygen species - ROS, DCFH-DA probe and nitric oxide - NO, Griess reagent). The one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests were employed at a significance level of 5%.
RESULTS
MIC/MBC values of BRP performed antibacterial activity for Parvimonas micra (6.25/6.25 µg/mL), Fusobacterium nucleatum (25/25 µg/mL), Prevotella melaninogenica (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella nigrescens (50/100 µg/mL), Prevotella intermedia (50/100 µg/mL), and Porphyromonas gingivalis (50/200 µg/mL). The MICB values ranged from 1.56 to 50 μg/mL. BRP and MTA stimulated cell viability, emphasizing BRP10 (p = 0.007). Furthermore, it was observed that MTA 1:1, MTA 1:2, and BRP50 slightly increased ROS (p < 0.001) and NO production (p = 0.008, p = 0.007, and p < 0.001 respectively) compared to DMEM group.
CONCLUSIONS
BRP exhibits good antibacterial activity against endodontic pathogens, and both BRP and MTA promote the viability of HDPF without increasing NO and ROS production.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nitric Oxide; Plant Extracts; Propolis; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 36049430
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105520 -
Molecular Neurobiology Apr 2024Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in... (Review)
Review
Prevotella species, notably Prevotella copri, significantly populate the human gut. In particular, P. copri is prevalent among non-Western populations with diets high in fiber. These species show complex relationships with diverse health aspects, associating with beneficial outcomes, including reduced visceral fat and improved glucose tolerance. Studies implicate various Prevotella species in specific diseases. Prevotella nigrescens and Porphyromonas gingivalis were linked to periodontal disease, promoting immune responses and influencing T helper type 17 (Th17) cells. Prevotella bivia was associated with bacterial vaginosis and a specific increase in activated cells in the vaginal mucosa. In contrast, they have shown substantial potential for inducing connective tissue degradation and alveolar bone resorption. Prevotella's role in neuroinflammatory disorders and autoinflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease has also been noted. The complex relationship between Prevotella and age-related conditions further extends to neurobiological changes in aging, with varying associations with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other inflammatory conditions. Studies have also identified Prevotella to be implicated in cognitive decline in middle aged and the elderly. Future directions in this research area are anticipated to explore Prevotella-associated inflammatory mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Investigating specific drug targets and immunomodulatory measures could lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding how Prevotella-induced inflammation interacts with aging diseases would offer promising insights for treatments and interventions. This review urges ongoing research to discover therapeutic targets and mechanisms for moderating Prevotella-associated inflammation to further enhance our understanding and improve health outcomes.
PubMed: 38613648
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04156-x -
Microbial Ecology Aug 2015This study aimed at investigating the salivary microbiota of 28 patients affected by immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Fourteen healthy volunteers (HC) were used as...
This study aimed at investigating the salivary microbiota of 28 patients affected by immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). Fourteen healthy volunteers (HC) were used as control. Compared to HC, the number of some cultivable bacteria groups (e.g., total anaerobes) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the salivary samples of IgAN patients. Total bacteria from salivary samples of IgAN patients and HC subjects were analyzed by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene. Paired t test showed no significant (P > 0.05) differences of alpha-diversity parameters (OTU, ACE, Chao1, and Shannon index) between the salivary samples of HC and IgAN patients. The difference for the community structure was further analyzed using three phylogeny-based beta-diversity measures. Compared to HC, the ratio between Firmicutes/Proteobacteria markedly decreased in IgAN patients. Gemella haemolysins, Granulicatella adiacens, and Veillonella parvula were positively associated (P < 0.05) with HC. Within the phylum Bacteroidetes, Prevotella species (Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella pallens, and Prevotella salivae) were the highest in HC. The only exception was for Prevotella aurantiaca. Compared to HC, the percentage of abundance of some species, belonging to Pasteurellaceae family (e.g., Haemophylus parainfluenzae), increased in IgAN patients. Fusobacteriaceae (Fusobacterium) and Corynebacterium sp. also differed between the salivary samples of HC and IgAN patients.
Topics: Adult; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva
PubMed: 25763757
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0592-9 -
Veterinarni Medicina Feb 2023Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk...
Black-pigmented bacteria are one of the neglected species to cause periodontal disease in cats, and they are also zoonotic agents that pose an infection risk to humans. In this study, we aimed to determine the presence of , and in the oral microbiota of pet and stray cats. Dental swab samples were taken from 25 pet cats and 25 stray cats with symptoms of periodontal disease and then investigated by multiplex polymerase chain reaction using 16S rRNA species-specific primers. As a result of the multiplex PCR analysis, 3/25 (12%), 1/25 (4%), + 7/25 (28%), + 1/25 (4%), + 1/25 (4%), and + + 2/25 (8%) were molecularly typed in the pet cats. In addition, 1/25 (4%) of and 21/25 (84%) of + were typed in the stray cats. In 10/25 (40%) pet and 3/25 (12%) stray cat samples, no bacteria were detected by molecular typing. In summary, the results provide strong evidence that black-pigmented zoonotic pathogens are associated with cat periodontal disease.
PubMed: 38332760
DOI: 10.17221/59/2022-VETMED -
International Endodontic Journal Nov 2018To determine the presence of Prevotella species, the cfxA/cfxA2, blaZ and blaTEM genes associated with resistance to lactamic agents in different oral niches of children...
AIM
To determine the presence of Prevotella species, the cfxA/cfxA2, blaZ and blaTEM genes associated with resistance to lactamic agents in different oral niches of children with pulp necrosis.
METHODOLOGY
Children with pulp necrosis in primary teeth had samples of saliva, supragingival, pulp chamber and root canal biofilms collected and tested for Prevotella species (P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. tannerae) and for beta-lactam resistance genes (cfxA/cfxA2, blaZ and blaTEM). The presence of bacterial DNA was examined through PCR, with a specific primer directed to the 16S rRNA gene. Specific primers were used to detect the Prevotella species and beta-lactam resistance genes. The chi-square test was used to analyse associations between the presence of bacteria and clinical variables. The Cochran's Q test was used to assess whether the proportion of gene detection is the same between different sites.
RESULTS
Thirty-two teeth were sampled from 27 patients with a mean age of 5.5 years (±1.76). The total detection rate of Prevotella strains was 29.1%, 25%, 21.8% and 32.29% in saliva, supragingival, pulp chamber and root canal samples, respectively. P. nigrescens was the most commonly detected species in all oral niches. The previous use of antibiotics was associated with detection of P. nigrescens in saliva (P = 0.03). Pain was associated with the presence of P. nigrescens (P = 0.04) and P. tannerae (P = 0.01) in pulp chamber biofilm. blaTEM was detected in the four oral niches, being more frequent (23.8%) in supragingival biofilm (Cochran's Q test, P = 0.04). The presence of P. intermedia in SB and PC was associated with the detection of blaTEM in saliva (P = 0.04). The cfxA/cfxA2 and blaZ genes were not detected in any of the four oral niches.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral cavity of children with pulp necrosis had a variable distribution of Prevotella strains in different niches. Saliva, supragingival biofilm, pulp chamber and root canals of primary teeth with necrotic pulps can harbour resistance genes to beta-lactams agents.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Biofilms; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Genes, Bacterial; Humans; Lactams; Mouth; Prevotella; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Tooth, Deciduous; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 29737548
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12948 -
Experimental Dermatology May 2024Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease with activated keratinocytes, tunnel formation and a complex immune infiltrate in tissue. The HS...
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) is a chronic autoinflammatory skin disease with activated keratinocytes, tunnel formation and a complex immune infiltrate in tissue. The HS microbiome is polymicrobial with an abundance of commensal gram-positive facultative (GPs) Staphylococcus species and gram-negative anaerobic (GNA) bacteria like Prevotella, Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas with increasing predominance of GNAs with disease severity. We sought to define the keratinocyte response to bacteria commonly isolated from HS lesions to probe pathogenic relationships between HS and the microbiome. Type strains of Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella asaccharolytica, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as Staphylococcus aureus and the normal skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis were heat-killed and co-incubated with normal human keratinocytes. RNA was collected and analysed using RNAseq and RT-qPCR. The supernatant was collected from cell culture for protein quantification. Transcriptomic profiles between HS clinical samples and stimulated keratinocytes were compared. Co-staining of patient HS frozen sections was used to localize bacteria in lesions. A mouse intradermal injection model was used to investigate early immune recruitment. TLR4 and JAK inhibitors were used to investigate mechanistic avenues of bacterial response inhibition. GNAs, especially F. nucleatum, stimulated vastly higher CXCL8, IL17C, CCL20, IL6, TNF and IL36γ transcription in normal skin keratinocytes than the GPs S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Using RNAseq, we found that F. nucleatum (and Prevotella) strongly induced the IL-17 pathway in keratinocytes and overlapped with transcriptome profiles of HS patient clinical samples. Bacteria were juxtaposed to activated keratinocytes in vivo, and F. nucleatum strongly recruited murine neutrophil and macrophage migration. Both the TLR4 and pan-JAK inhibitors reduced cytokine production. Detailed transcriptomic profiling of healthy skin keratinocytes exposed to GNAs prevalent in HS revealed a potent, extensive inflammatory response vastly stronger than GPs. GNAs stimulated HS-relevant genes, including many genes in the IL-17 response pathway, and were significantly associated with HS tissue transcriptomes. The close association of activated keratinocytes with bacteria in HS lesions and innate infiltration in murine skin cemented GNA pathogenic potential. These novel mechanistic insights could drive future targeted therapies.
Topics: Keratinocytes; Humans; Animals; Mice; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Transcriptome; Cytokines; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Interleukin-17; Microbiota; Prevotella
PubMed: 38685821
DOI: 10.1111/exd.15087 -
Acta Microbiologica Et Immunologica... Jun 2024The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare culture and microbiome results of the removed tonsils of patients with assumed distant focal disease (11 patients)...
The aim of this prospective pilot study was to compare culture and microbiome results of the removed tonsils of patients with assumed distant focal disease (11 patients) and those who underwent a tonsillectomy, due to other reasons, such as recurrent tonsillitis, tonsil stones or snoring (nine patients). Aerobic culture was carried out for samples taken from the surface of the tonsils by swabs before tonsillectomy for all 20 patients. The squeezed detritus and the tissue samples of removed tonsils, taken separately for the right and left tonsils, were incubated aerobically and anaerobically. The microbiome composition of tissue samples of removed tonsils was also evaluated. Based on the culture results of the deep samples Staphylococcus aureus was the dominating pathogen, besides a great variety of anaerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria present in the oral microbiota in those patients who underwent tonsillectomy due to distant focal diseases. Microbiome study of the core tissue samples showed a great diversity on genus and species level among patients of the two groups however, S. aureus and Prevotella nigrescens were present in higher proportion in those, whose tonsils were removed due to distant focal diseases. Our results may support previous findings about the possible triggering role of S. aureus and P. nigrescens leading to distant focal diseases. Samples taken by squeezing the tonsils could give more information about the possible pathogenic/triggering bacteria than the surface samples cultured only aerobically.
PubMed: 38941152
DOI: 10.1556/030.2024.02279