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Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2020Microbial agents including periodontal pathogens have recently appeared as important actors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We examined associations of clinical...
Microbial agents including periodontal pathogens have recently appeared as important actors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. We examined associations of clinical periodontal and bacterial parameters with incident all-cause and AD dementia as well as AD mortality among US middle-aged and older adults. Clinical [Attachment Loss (AL); probing pocket depth (PPD)] and bacterial [pathogen immunoglobulin G (IgG)] periodontal markers were investigated in relation to AD and all-cause dementia incidence and to AD mortality, using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES III, 1988-1994) linked longitudinally with National Death Index and Medicare data through January 1, 2014, with up to 26 years of follow-up. Sex- and age-specific multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were conducted. Among those ≥65 years, AD incidence and mortality were consistently associated with PPD, two factors and one cluster comprised of IgG titers against Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), Prevotella melaninogenica (P. melaninogenica) and Campylobacter rectus (C. rectus) among others. Specifically, AD incidence was linked to a composite of C. rectus and P. gingivalis titers (per SD, aHR = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.43, p = 0.012), while AD mortality risk was increased with another composite (per SD, aHR = 1.46; 95% CI, 1.09-1.96, p = 0.017) loading highly on IgG for P. gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, C. rectus, Streptococcus intermedius, Capnocylophaga Ochracea, and P. melaninogenica. This study provides evidence for an association between periodontal pathogens and AD, which was stronger for older adults. Effectiveness of periodontal pathogen treatment on reducing sequelae of neurodegeneration should be tested in randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Campylobacter rectus; Dementia; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Prevotella melaninogenica; United States
PubMed: 32280099
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-200064 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021is recognized as one of the core anaerobic genera in the oral microbiome. In addition, members of this genus belong to microbial communities of the gastrointestinal and... (Review)
Review
is recognized as one of the core anaerobic genera in the oral microbiome. In addition, members of this genus belong to microbial communities of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Several novel species, most of them of oral origin, have been described, but limited knowledge is still available of their clinical relevance. is among the anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae from early months of life onward, and other early colonizing species in the oral cavity include and . Oral species get constant access to the gastrointestinal tract via saliva swallowing and to lower airways via microaspiration. At these extra-oral sites, they play a role as commensals but also as potentially harmful agents on mucosal surfaces. The aim of this narrative review is to give an updated overview on the involvement of oral species in gastrointestinal and respiratory health and disease.
PubMed: 35069501
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.798763 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2022Oral are known as anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae and in dental plaques from early life onwards, including pigmented and and non-pigmented species. Many... (Review)
Review
Oral are known as anaerobic commensals on oral mucosae and in dental plaques from early life onwards, including pigmented and and non-pigmented species. Many species contribute to oral inflammatory processes, being frequent findings in dysbiotic biofilms of periodontal diseases (), cariotic lesions ( (formerly ) ), endodontic infections (), and other clinically relevant oral conditions. Over the years, several novel species have been recovered from the oral cavity without knowledge of their clinical relevance. Within this wide genus, virulence properties and other characteristics like biofilm formation seemingly vary in a species- and strain-dependent manner, as shown for the group organisms (, and ). Oral species are identified in various non-oral infections and chronic pathological conditions. Here, we have updated the knowledge of the genus and the role of species as residents and infectious agents of the oral cavity, as well as their detection in non-oral infections, but also gathered information on their potential link to cancers of the head and neck, and other systemic disorders.
PubMed: 36393976
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2079814 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022The genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is...
The genus is a normal constituent of the oral microbiota, and is commonly isolated from mechanically treated polymicrobial infections. However, antibiotic treatment is necessary for some patients. This study compared the antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of resistance genes in clinical oral isolates of , , and . Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed using the agar dilution method. PCR confirmed the species and resistance gene frequency in the species. The frequencies of species , , and were 30.2%, 45.7%, and 24.1%, respectively. No isolates of were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, or clindamycin. and were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and tetracycline at frequencies of 40% and 20%, respectively. was resistant to metronidazole at a frequency of 30%, at 20%, and at 40%. and were resistant to 50% and 10% clindamycin, respectively. The gene most frequently detected was , at 43.3%, followed by at 36.6%, at 26.6%, at 20%, , , and at 16.6%, and at 3.3%. was the species with the highest resistance to antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, amoxicillin, and clindamycin, in addition to being the species with the largest number of genes compared to and
PubMed: 35884141
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070888 -
Veterinary Microbiology May 2017Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study...
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease that causes occlusion change, tooth loss, difficulty in rumination, and premature culling of animals. This study aimed to detect species of the genera Porphyromonas and Prevotella present in the periodontal pocket of sheep with lesions deeper than 5mm (n=14) and in the gingival sulcus of animals considered periodontally healthy (n=20). The presence of microorganisms was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers for Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Porphyromonas gulae, Prevotella buccae, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella loescheii, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella nigrescens, Prevotella oralis, and Prevotella tannerae. Prevalence and risk analysis were performed using Student's t-test and Spearman's correlation. Among the Prevotella and Porphyromonas species detected in the periodontal lesions of sheep, P. melaninogenica (85.7%), P. buccae (64.3%), P. gingivalis (50%), and P. endodontalis (50%) were most prevalent. P. gingivalis (15%) and P. oralis (10%) prevailed in the gingival sulcus. P. gulae and P. tannerae were not detected in the 34 samples studied. Data evaluation by t-test verified that occurrence of P. asaccharolytica, P. endodontalis, P. gingivalis, P. buccae, P. intermedia, P. melalinogenica, and P. nigrescens correlated with sheep periodontitis. The findings of this study will be an important contribution to research on pathogenesis of sheep periodontitis and development of its control measures.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Biofilms; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 28619155
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.03.032 -
International Journal of Medical... 2021is an oral pathogen that is frequently observed in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be involved in the...
is an oral pathogen that is frequently observed in the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be involved in the immunopathology of periodontal diseases and has been implicated in the destruction of bone. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IL-1β production by in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Our results showed that a host receptor, Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), but not TLR4 is required for pro-IL-1β induction and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) priming in BMDCs in response to and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary for processing of pro-IL-1β into mature IL-1β. In addition, an inhibitor assay revealed that production of reactive oxygen species, P2XR activity, and release of cathepsin B are involved in IL-1β production in BMDCs in response to
Topics: Animals; Cathepsin B; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; Disease Models, Animal; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Mice; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Periodontitis; Prevotella nigrescens; Primary Cell Culture; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 33390812
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47197 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017High-throughput sequencing has helped to reveal the close relationship between and periodontal disease, but the roles of subspecies diversity and genomic variation...
High-throughput sequencing has helped to reveal the close relationship between and periodontal disease, but the roles of subspecies diversity and genomic variation within this genus in periodontal diseases still need to be investigated. We performed a comparative genome analysis of 48 and isolates that from the same cohort of subjects to identify the main drivers of their pathogenicity and adaptation to different environments. The comparisons were done between two species and between disease and health based on pooled sequences. The results showed that both and have highly dynamic genomes and can take up various exogenous factors through horizontal gene transfer. The major differences between disease-derived and health-derived samples of and were factors related to genome modification and recombination, indicating that the isolates from disease sites may be more capable of genomic reconstruction. We also identified genetic elements specific to each sample, and found that disease groups had more unique virulence factors related to capsule and lipopolysaccharide synthesis, secretion systems, proteinases, and toxins, suggesting that strains from disease sites may have more specific virulence, particularly for . The differentially represented pathways between samples from disease and health were related to energy metabolism, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, consistent with data from the whole subgingival microbiome in periodontal disease and health. Disease-derived samples had gained or lost several metabolic genes compared to healthy-derived samples, which could be linked with the difference in virulence performance between diseased and healthy sample groups. Our findings suggest that and may serve as "crucial substances" in subgingival plaque, which may reflect changes in microbial and environmental dynamics in subgingival microbial ecosystems. This provides insight into the potential of and as new predictive biomarkers and targets for effective interventions in periodontal disease.
Topics: Adult; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Base Sequence; Cohort Studies; Female; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontitis; Prevotella intermedia; Prevotella nigrescens; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 28983469
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00409 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2023is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation...
Simultaneous detection and evaluation of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals through multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
BACKGROUND
is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli. The phenotypic characteristics of the various species of are similar, which often makes it difficult in routine differentiation and identification of all the species.
AIM
The purpose of the study was to detect and compare presence of , and in subgingival plaque samples of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two hundred and thirty-six subjects were considered consisting of chronic periodontitis (128) and healthy (108) individuals. Subgingival plaque sample was collected in reduced transport fluid and analyzed. DNA extraction and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed for genus followed by positive samples were considered for the detection of selected species through multiplex PCR using specific primers.
RESULTS
Out of 236 samples, 94.1% were positive for genus . Out of 222 cases showed the highest number of cases positive (59.5%) followed by (57.2%), (55.4%), and (40.1%). Species were analyzed individually between chronic periodontitis and healthy, , and showed greater positivity in healthy compared to chronic periodontitis. Positivity for was high in chronic periodontitis compared to healthy.
CONCLUSION
The number of positive cases for species, when correlated with clinical parameters showed an increase in mean score for all clinical parameters assessed, suggesting the presence of variation in the prevalence of species and geographic variation do exist in oral microflora. Findings suggest that they can be normal commensals and opportunistic.
PubMed: 37346862
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_154_22 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients... (Review)
Review
The implementation of adjunctive antibiotics has been recommended for the therapy of peri-implantitis (PI). In this review, antibiotic resistance patterns in PI patients were assessed. A systematic scoping review of observational studies and trials was established in conjunction with the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. The SCOPUS, PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCIELO, Web of Science, and LILACS databases were reviewed along with the gray literature. The primary electronic examination produced 139 investigations. Finally, four observational studies met the selection criteria. These studies evaluated 214 implants in 168 patients. and mainly presented high resistance to tetracycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin in PI patients. Similarly, was also highly resistant to clindamycin and doxycycline. Other microorganisms such as , , and also presented significant levels of resistance to other antibiotics including amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin. However, most microorganisms did not show resistance to the combination amoxicillin metronidazole. Although the management of adjunctive antimicrobials in the therapy of PI is controversial, in this review, the resistance of relevant microorganisms to antibiotics used to treat PI, and usually prescribed in dentistry, was observed. Clinicians should consider the antibiotic resistance demonstrated in the treatment of PI patients and its public health consequences.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Amoxicillin; Metronidazole; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36497685
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315609 -
Microbiology (Reading, England) May 2002This paper describes a quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for the differential identification of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This paper describes a quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for the differential identification of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens in clinical samples, and compares its performance with less discriminatory culture and quantitative immunofluorescence (IF) assays. Fluorescence-labelled oligonucleotide probes directed to specific 16S rRNA sequences of P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, Prevotella pallens and Prevotella denticola were hybridized under stringent conditions with cultured reference strains or plaque samples from deep periodontal pockets. Probe specificity was defined with strains from multiple oral Prevotella species. The lower detection level of the assays was approximately 3x10(3) target cells per ml of plaque-sample suspension. P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, P. pallens and P. denticola were detected in plaques with prevalences of 69, 67, 0 and 28%, respectively. On average, 3.9 x 10(6) P. intermedia, 3.1 x 10(6) P. nigrescens and 5.6 x 10(5) P. denticola cells were counted per positive sample. All three species were found almost exclusively in dense mixed aggregates. Quantitative FISH data agreed satisfactorily with corresponding IF data (r=0.711). Both FISH and IF enumerations of the sum of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens markedly exceeded the c.f.u. counts of black-pigmented colonies in Porphyromonas gingivalis-free cultured subgingival plaques. The results demonstrate the validity of this new assay. Unlike established IF, culture, PCR or checkerboard DNA hybridization assays, this FISH assay differentiates quantitatively between P. intermedia and P. nigrescens, provides visual accuracy control, and offers insights into the spatial distribution of the target cells within a clinical sample.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Humans; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Periodontitis; Prevotella; Prevotella intermedia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 11988511
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-148-5-1379